考研漢語(yǔ)新難詞英譯

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Enlightened by X_Feng's post, a complete search through 3w has been done...
    Note:1 素質(zhì)教育 education for all-round development 萬(wàn)能作文背誦版上寫(xiě)的是:
    Quality Education,我看不好,素質(zhì)是多方面的,Quality最多可用來(lái)說(shuō)人的品質(zhì)吧。
    2 EQ分兩種,一種為教育商數(shù)Educational quotient,另一種情感商數(shù)Emotional quotient
    同理,IQ為Intelligence quotient
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    漢語(yǔ)新難詞英譯
    時(shí)代飛速發(fā)展,漢語(yǔ)新難詞不斷涌現(xiàn),翻譯時(shí)頗難下筆,還有一些政策性很強(qiáng)的詞句,翻譯時(shí)頗費(fèi)斟酌。故而,中國(guó)譯協(xié)中譯外委員會(huì)(由來(lái)自外交部、中央編譯局、中國(guó)外交局、新華社、中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)社的專(zhuān)家學(xué)者組成)定期組織研討會(huì)議,討論并規(guī)范目前外宣工作中的漢語(yǔ)新難詞,向社會(huì)公布,以正視聽(tīng)。以下選摘部分(均已注明出處,以顯有據(jù)可稽)。
    經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯
    保險(xiǎn)業(yè) the insurance industry
    保證重點(diǎn)指出 ensure funding for priority areas
    補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金 clear up pension payments in arrears
    不良貸款 non-performing loan
    層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分包 mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
    城鄉(xiāng)信用社 credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas
    城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents
    城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保障制度 the system of medical insurance for urban workers
    出口信貸 export credit
    貸款質(zhì)量 loan quality
    貸款質(zhì)量五級(jí)分類(lèi)辦法 the five-category assets classification for bank loans
    防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) take precautions against and reduce financial risks
    防洪工程 flood-prevention project
    非法外匯交易 illegal foreign exchange transaction
    非貿(mào)易收匯 foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels
    非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) non-bank financial institutions
    費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
    跟蹤審計(jì) foolow-up auditing
    工程監(jiān)理制度 the monitoring system for projects
    國(guó)有資產(chǎn)安全 the safety of state-owned assets
    過(guò)度開(kāi)墾 excess reclamation
    合同管理制度 the contract system for governing projects
    積極的財(cái)政政策 pro-active fiscal policy
    基本生活費(fèi) basic allowance
    解除勞動(dòng)關(guān)系 sever labor relation
    金融監(jiān)管責(zé)任制 the responsibility system for financial supervision
    經(jīng)濟(jì)安全 economic security
    靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè) to increase the deficit to spend more on development
    擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求 the expansion of domestic demand
    拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) fuel economic growth
    糧食倉(cāng)庫(kù) grain depot
    糧食收購(gòu)企業(yè) grain collection and storage enterprise
    糧食收購(gòu)資金實(shí)行封閉運(yùn)行 closed operation of grain purchase funds
    糧食銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng) grain sales market
    劣質(zhì)工程 shoddy engineering
    亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款 arbitrary charges,fund-raising,quotas and fines
    騙匯、逃匯、套匯 obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed
    to the government and illegal arbitrage
    融資渠道 financing channels
    商業(yè)信貸原則 the principles for commercial credit
    社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) social security institution
    失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金 unemployment insurance benefits
    偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes
    外匯收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending
    以上摘自《中國(guó)翻譯》2000年第二期
    安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
    信息化 information-based; informationization
    智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
    外資企業(yè) overseas-funded enterprises
    下崗職工 laid-off workers
    分流 reposition of redundant personnel
    三角債 chain debts
    素質(zhì)教育 education for all-round development
    豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
    社會(huì)治安情況 law-and-order situation
    民族國(guó)家 nation state
    以上選摘自《中國(guó)翻譯》2000年第一期
    “*” "independence of Taiwan"
    臺(tái)灣* Taiwan authorities
    臺(tái)灣同胞 Taiwan compatriots
    臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.
    西部大開(kāi)發(fā) Development of the West Regions
    可持續(xù)性發(fā)展 sustainable development
    風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資 risk investment
    通貨緊縮 deflation
    擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 to expand domestic demand
    計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué) computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )
    網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間 cyberspace
    虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual reality
    網(wǎng)民 netizen ( net citizen )
    電腦犯罪 computer crime
    電子商務(wù) the e-business
    網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物 shopping online
    應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education
    學(xué)生減負(fù) to reduce study load
    以上選摘自《Beijing Review》2000年第13期
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    以下摘自《簡(jiǎn)論漢英新詞新語(yǔ)的翻譯》---楊全紅——重慶交通學(xué)院外語(yǔ)系
    “厄爾尼諾”(EL Nino)
    “拉尼娜”(La Nina)
    “智商”(IQ)
    “情商”(EQ)
    “第三產(chǎn)業(yè)”(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)
    “第四產(chǎn)業(yè)”(quaternary/information industry)
    “軍嫂”(military spouse)
    “峰會(huì)”(香港譯“極峰會(huì)議”)”:summit(conference);
    “克隆”clone;
    “冰毒”ice;
    “搖頭丸”dancing outreach;
    “傳銷(xiāo)”multi level marketing;
    “(計(jì)算機(jī))2000年問(wèn)題”Y2K problem(y for year,k for kilo or thousand);
    “白皮書(shū)”white paper(不是white cover book)
    “傻瓜相機(jī)”Instamatic(商標(biāo)名,
    焦距、鏡頭均固定,被稱(chēng)為foolproof相機(jī));
    “白條”IOU note(IOU:債款、債務(wù),由I owe you 的讀音縮略轉(zhuǎn)義而來(lái));
    “巡回招聘”milk round(一種招聘畢業(yè)生的方式,大公司走訪各大學(xué)及學(xué)院,
    向求職者介紹本公司情況并與報(bào)名者晤談)。
    “減員增效”increase efficiency by downsizing staff;
    “抓大放小”manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;
    “市政府要辦的X件實(shí)事”x major projects that should be given top priority as
    designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;
    “兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by
    the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal
    principles and the policies reform,opening to the outside
    world and invigorating domestic economy。
    “投資熱點(diǎn)”a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of hand,
    popular investment spot
    “移動(dòng)電話(huà)”本系cellular(有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)作cel)或mobile(tele)phone
    “三角債”chain debts或debt chains
    “拳頭產(chǎn)品” knockout product
    “投訴熱線(xiàn)”dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打電話(huà)告訴一件欺詐事件)
    “三通”的現(xiàn)譯文three links:link of trade,travel and post
    “外資”overseas investments
    “開(kāi)放”open to the outside world
    “聯(lián)防”community/teampolicing(一種由警察和轄區(qū)居民共同參與的治安管理)
    “三陪服務(wù)” escort services(陪伴服務(wù))。
    “五講四美”five stresses and four points of beauty
    “暴利” excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)
    “暴發(fā)戶(hù)”upstart,parvenu,noov(e),nouveau riche(new rich),jumped-up people(口語(yǔ))
    “快餐”snack(food),quick meal,fast(food,meal),takeaway,carryout,
    MRE(meals ready to eat)
    “一次(性/用)”
    一次處理: single/primary treatment;
    一次污染: primary pollution;
    一次凍透: straight;freez-ing;
    一次空氣: fresh/primary air;
    一次爆破: onepull;
    一次付清: pay in full;
    一次消費(fèi): one-time-consumption;
    一次誤差: first-order error;
    一次成像照片: a Polaroid picture;
    一次償還信貸: non-in-stallment;
    一次性杯子: sanitary cup;
    一次性筷子: disposable chopsticks;
    一次性收入: lump-sum payment;
    一次用包裝: non-returnable container;
    一次用相機(jī): single-use camera