大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試預(yù)測(cè)試題及答案(4)
Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Curb Spending. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 現(xiàn)在許多大學(xué)生普遍花錢大手大腳，消費(fèi)水平高
2. 有人認(rèn)為社會(huì)整體生活水平提高了，大學(xué)生花錢多一些無(wú)可厚非
3. 你的看法
To Curb Spending
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Freud’s Study on “Human Mind”
Most people often dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, “What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that.”Sometimes dreams are frightening. Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true. At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been turned upside-down and nothing makes sense.
In dreams we do things which we would never do when we're awake. We think and say things we would never think and say. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from?
No one has produced a more satisfying answer than a man called Sigmund Freud. He said that dreams come from a part of one's mind which one can neither recognize nor control. He named this the “unconscious mind” .
Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred years ago. He lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, but ended his days in London, soon after the beginning of the Second World War.The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings. These memories and feelings have been stored there from the moment of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not suspect that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams. Then suddenly we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children.
This discovery of Freud's is very important if we wish to understand why people act as they do. For the unconscious forces inside us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about. Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we don't, the reasons may lie deep in our unconscious minds.
When Freud was a child he cared about the sufferings of others, so it isn't surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up. He learned all about the way in which the human body works. But he became more and more curious about the human mind. He went to Paris to study with a famous French doctor, Charcot. At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the mind. If a person went mad, or “out of his mind”, there was not much that could be done about it. People didn't understand at all what was happening to the madman. Had he been possessed by a devil or evil spirit? Was God punishing him for wrong-doing? Often such people were shut away from the ordinary people as if they had done some terrible crime.
This is still true today in many places. Doctors prefer to experiment on those parts of a man which they can see and examine. If you cut a man's head open you can see his brain. But you can't see his thoughts or ideas or dreams.
In Freud's day few doctors were interested in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our minds work. He learned a lot from Charcot. He returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a doctor in nerve diseases. He got married and began to receive more and more patients at home. Most of the patients who came to see him were women. They were over-excited and anxious, sick in mind rather than in body. Medicine did not help them. Freud was full of sympathy but he could do little to make them better.
Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, came to see him. He told Freud about a girl he was looking after. The girl seemed to get better when she was allowed to talk about herself. She told Dr Breuer everything that came into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child. Freud was excited when he heard this. He began to try to cure his patients in the same way. He asked about the events of their early childhood. He urged them to talk about their own experiences and relationships. He himself said very little. Often, as he listened, his patients relived moments from their past life. They trembled with anger and fear, hate and love. They acted as though Freud was their father or mother or lover.The doctor did not make any attempt to stop them. He quietly accepted whatever they told him, the good things and the bad. Also one young woman who came to him couldn't drink anything, although she was very thirsty. Something prevented her from drinking.Freud discovered the reason for this. One day, as they were talking, the girl remembered having seen a dog drink from her nurse's glass. She hadn't told the nurse, whom she disliked. She had forgotten the whole experience. But suddenly this childhood memory returned to mind. When she had told it all to Dr Freud—the nurse, the dog, the glass of water —the girl was able to drink again.
Freud called this treatment the ‘talking cure’. Later it was called psychoanalysis. When patients talked freely about the things that were troubling them they often felt better.
The things that patients told him sometimes gave Freud a shock. He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents. A small boy may love his mother so much that he wants to kill his father. At the same time he loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this wish. It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.It was hard to believe that people could become blind, or lose the power of speech, because of what had happened to them when they were children.
Freud was attacked from all sides for what he discovered. But he also found firm friends. Many people believed that he had at last found a way to unlock the secrets of the human mind, and to help people who were very miserable. He had found the answer to many of life's great questions.He became famous all over the world and taught others to use the talking cure. His influence on modern art, literature and science cannot be measured. People who wrote books and plays, people who painted pictures and people who worked in schools, hospitals and prisons all learned something from the great man who discovered a way into the unconscious mind.Not all of Freud's ideas are accepted today. But others have followed where he led and have helped us to understand ourselves better. Because of him, and them, there is more hope today than there has ever been before for people who were once just called “crazy”.
1. So far, Freud is the only one who can ______________.
A) study human’s thoughts, ideas and dreams
B) provide us the most satisfying reply to where dreams come from
C) tell us the reason why we will dream at night
D) offer us some help in mental problems
2. Freud _____________________.
A) spent most of his life in Vienna as well as London
B) ended his life after World War II
C) spend most of his life in Vienna, Austria
D) passed away in Austria before the World War Ⅱ
3. When Freud was a grown-up, ___________________.
A) he was more interested in human mind than the way the human body works
B) he focused his study on the human mind instead of human body
C) he shifted his attention to the study of psychology
D) he was most interested in the study of how human body works
4. In Freud’s day, _________________.
A) a number of doctors concentrated on the human’s dreams
B) a lot of students admired Freud’s study very much
C) no doctor would like to work with Freud together
D) no doctors were interested in human’s ideas, thoughts or dreams
5. According to the passage, Dr Josef Breuer ________________.
A) gave Freud some help in Freud’s study
B) was one of the workmates of Freud
C) was a doctor who specialized in the study of human body
D) offtered some advice in Freud’s study
6. According to the passage, psychoanalysis was a process ________________.
A) in which patients would not participate
B) in which patients must say something great they encountered before
C) in which patients could do what they like to do
D) in which patients could speak out his bad fortune freely in order to make themselves reassured
7. Freud found with a shock that ________________.
A) young children and their parents couldn’t stay together for a long time
B) yong children were always obedient to their parents
C) young children were not so different from their parents in feelings
D) young children and his parents differed largely in feelings
8. Although much attack pointed to Freud, it was also thought by many people that Freud had a way to uncover the secrets of __________and to help miserable people.
9. According to the passage, it is hardly to measure Freud’s influence on modern art, ___ __ _______.
10. According to the passage, at present Freud’s study brings a lot of hope to people once called “______.”
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. A) At Anne's Clothing Store.
B) Inside a shopping center.
C) At a downtown street.
D) In a suburban residential district.
12. A) He was fired from his job.
B) He was warned about being more punctual from now on.
C) The management cut his working hours.
D) He was promoted.
13. A) They are at a violin shop.
B) They are at a circus.
C) They are at a concert.
D) They are inside a movie theatre.
14. A) She didn't go to work this morning.
B) She was injured and had to go to the hospital.
C) She talked with the boss in the morning.
D) The traffic delayed her.
15. A) Seven o'clock.
B) Seven thirty.
C) Eight o'clock.
D) Eight thirty.
16. A) Sending the next package earlier.
B) Waiting patiently.
C) Using air freight.
D) Looking for the package.
17. A) She thinks that he should plan his money more carefully.
B) She thinks that he should buy a convertible.
C) She thinks that he should ask Barbara for advice.
D) She wants him to manage her money.
18. A) He was furious with his boss.
B) He was always late to work.
C) His daughter was sick and that made him late for work.
D) He prepared a financial report incorrectly.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) How to care for precious metal.
B) A standard Unit for measuring weight.
C) The value of precious metal.
D) Using the metric system.
20. A) To check the accuracy of scale.
B) To calculate the density of other metal.
C) To observe changes in the atmosphere.
D) To measure amounts of rainfall.
21. A) Someone spilled water on it.
B) Someone lost it.
C) It was made of low quality metal.
D) The standard for measuring had changed.
22. A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.
B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.
C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.
D) It is too high for such a light weigh.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A more economical diesel fuel.
B) Characteristics of a new type of fuel.
C) Where a new energy source is located.
D) How to develop alternative energy sources.
24. A) He's studying for a test.
B) He lost his note.
C) He missed the class.
D) He's doing research.
25. A) To help him explain the information to his roommate.
B) To help him write a paper.
C) To prepare for a test.
D) To tell her if the notes are accurate.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Less than 30 minutes.
B) From 30 to 45 minutes.
C) At least 45 minutes.
D) More than 30 minutes.
27. A) He should show respect for the interviewer.
B) He should show confidence for himself.
C) He should be dressed properly.
D) He should talk enthusiastically.
28. A) Speaking politely and emotionally.
B) Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.
C) Talking a lot about the job.
D) Speaking confidently but not aggressively.
29. A) Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in a job interview.
B) Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.
C) Self-confidence is more important for a job seeker.
D) A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) The man's professor.
B) The man's roommate.
C) A neighbor.
D) The man's brother.
31. A) He is too stalkative.
B) He borrows Colin's thing.
C) He brings guests over to the apartment.
D) He doesn't use the kitchen enough.
32. A) Try to talk to Colin.
B) Go home for a week.
C) Wait till the end of this week.
D) Have a room change immediately.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castles in order to get more land.
B) Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was often filled with water.
C) A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies.
D) If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to enter the castle.
34. A) They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate.
B) They lived a highly civilized court life.
C) They lived a primitive life and their table manner was often rude.
D) They lived a comparatively luxurious but not so civilized life.
35. A) Castles' structure and the eating habit in them.
B) Castles' structure and the people who lived in them.
C) Castles' structure and the life in them.
D) Why people built castles and their structure.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times, when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
A few years ago it was 36 to speak of a generation gap，a division between young people and their elders.Parents 37 that children did not show them proper respect and 38 ，while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? 39 ，the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many 40 argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the 41 when young people have to choose their own life-styles.In more 42 societies，when children grow up，they fire expected to live in the same area as their parents，to marry people that their parents know and 43 of，and often to continue the family occupation.In our society，young people often travel great distances for their educations，move out of the family home at an early age，marry or live with 44 ________________________________________________.
In our upwardly mobile society，parents often expect their children to do better than they did： to find better jobs，to make more money，and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often，however，45 _________________________________________________________. Often，they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, 46____________________________________.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Many workers who worked in the World Trade Center after the September eleventh attacks became sick. They breathed a mix of dust, smoke and chemicals in the ruins of the Twin Towers and a third building that fell. Some went clays without good protection for their lungs. Five years later, many of the thousands who worked at Ground Zero in the early days after the attacks still have health problems.
Doctors at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City have announced the results of the largest study of these workers. The study confirmed high rates of breathing problems in members of the building trades, firefighters, police officers and other workers. Almost seventy percent of the workers in the study had a new or worsened breathing problem. These problems developed during or after their time working in the mountain of wreckage. About sixty percent still had breathing problems at the time of their examination. The researchers say they decided to study the effects on breathing first because other disorders might be slower to appear. Mount Sinai says it tested almost twelve thousand people between two thousand two and two thousand four. Eight out of ten of them agreed to have their results used in the report. The new results added strength to a Mount Sinai study released in two thousand four. That study was based on only about one thousand workers.
Some lawmakers have sharply criticized city and state officials for letting workers labor at Ground Zero without satisfactory equipment. Officials have also been criticized for saying the air was relatively safe. State and federal officials have promised more than fifty million dollars to pay for treatment of the workers. Doctor Robin Herbert is one of the directors of the Mount Sinai testing program. She says people are still coming to the hospital for treatment of problems that were caused by the dust at Ground Zero. In her words:" My worry is that money will be gone in a year, and what happens then?"
47. What contributed to problems of the workers in World Trade Center after the attacks?
48. Who had the most serious breathing problems according to the latest study?
49. The researchers decided to carry on some study on the effects on breathing first because __________ might appear in a later period of time.
50. ______ are sharply criticized by some lawmakers because they let workers labor at Ground Zero with out satisfactory equipment.
51. What measures have the officials promised to take to deal with the health problem?
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!". But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.
Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
52. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.
A) actors are very unusual people
B) the course at the drama school lasts two years
C) acting is really a hard job
D) there are already too many actors
53. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.
A) do all kinds of stage work
B) work for long hours
C) wait for a better company
D) act well
54. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.
A) they don't care if their job is hard
B) they like the stage naturally
C) they are born happy
D) they are easily satisfied
55. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.
A) learning some lessons about the art of speaking
B) playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"
C) successfully matching the most famous actors
D) acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time
56. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.
A) all at once
B) once for a long time
C) once in a while
D) once and for all
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of municipal centers which supervise property management, household mending and installation, and house keeping services. Modern city life is creating a need for industrialization home services. This will create job opportunities for laid-off workers, said Vice director of the Social Judicial Committee of the Conference.
Beijing residents have long desired a home service industry. The demand is expected to drive new economic growth. There are few high quality home help services in Beijing and customers are always complaining.
In the past, few laid-off workers in Beijing desired to work as home helpers, jobs largely taken by young women from the countryside. At the same time, some city residents have not felt safe trusting rural girls with modern household machines or with their small children. Many people would pay more for reliable house keepers who are more familiar with city life, but they have had no way of getting one, even though the city is home to thousands of laid-off workers.
By the end of June this year, there were 30,600 jobless workers in the city. Most of them are women in their 40's, who are not blessed with particular skills and who have had their work ethics shaped by the planned economy. Many of them were at a loss when they first realized they had lost their jobs and a way of life they had got used to for decades.
They never imagined being laid-off by state-owned enterprises; they never considered other kinds of employment. For them, the private sector meant taking risks; housekeeping implied lower social status. Gao yunfang, 44, is a pioneer who is breaking the ice. She sells the Beijing Morning Post in the morning, and works at two households in the afternoon. She earns 1,000 yuan per month. So she no longer worries about her daughter's tuition at a university in Shanghai.
57. What is talked about in the passage?
A) Home service.
B) Modern city life.
C) Laid-off worker.
D) Social status.
58. What does the word "laid-off' in the passage mean?
A) Heavily-burdened.
B) Old.
C) Inexperienced.
D) Jobless.
59. Why were many laid-off workers at a loss?
A) Because they didn't get used to the new way of life.
B) Because they are too old to find a new job.
C) Because they dislike being laid off.
D) Because they think they lost their social status.
60. Why didn't the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past?
A) Low salary.
B) Lower social status.
C) Dirty working condition.
D) Too much extra work.
61. In which ways is home service industry good for our society?
A) It meets the needs of modern life.
B) It provides work opportunities for the laid-off worker.
C) It is a new industry.
D) A and B.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
We all laugh. We all hurt. We all make mistakes. We all dream, that’s life. It's a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy!
62 positive through the cold season could be your best 63 against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that 64 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a 65 sunny disposition were less likely to 66 ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence 67 a "positive emotional style" can help 68 off the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness 69 immune function and subjective as in happy people being less 70 by a scratchy throat or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune _71 to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may 72 their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a 73 study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, 74 some questions remained as to 75 the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who 76 be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged 77 having a positive emotional style, 78 those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops 79 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the 80 reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected __81 data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
62. A) Living B) Staying C) Pulling D) Surviving
63. A) safeguard B) immunity C) caution D) defense
64. A) excluded B) expelled C) exposed D) exiled
65. A) generally B) commonly C) frequently D) genetically
66. A) feel B) fall C) fell D) fall
67. A) that B) which C) what D) why
68. A) keep B) warn C) ward D) avoid
69. A) boasting B) boosting C) receding D) reducing
70. A) suffered B) troubled C) disturbed D) hindered
71. A) function B) ability C) response D) reaction
72. A) thought B) related C) interpreted D) translated
73. A) formal B) former C) previous D) precious
74. A) and B) but C) so D) for
75. A) which B) whether C) where D) how
76. A) tended to B) inclined to C) apt to D) subject to
77. A) by B) with C) in D) as
78. A) while B) however C) what's more D) therefore
79. A) comprising B) consisting C) containing D) covering
80. A) patients B) adults C) volunteers D) researchers
81. A) objective B) subjective C) positive D) negative
Part Ⅵ Translation
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
82. _______________________(如果我是你的話), I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.
83. He hurried to the house ______ (結(jié)果房?jī)?nèi)空空如也).
答案與解析
Part I Writing
【話題分析】
大學(xué)生消費(fèi)是目前家長(zhǎng)及教育界比較關(guān)注的問題，它所反應(yīng)的不僅僅是花錢這一表面現(xiàn)象，而是隱藏在這一現(xiàn)象之后的大學(xué)生的價(jià)值觀、金錢觀等思想層面的問題。
【范文解析】
Nowadays the campus students seem to have no idea of how money comes from, and not to care about their expenditure. They buy whatever they like for themselves, also for their friends, paying no attention to how much these things cost.
Some people say that it is not a problem for college students to spend much. After all, the society is progressing and the life is being enriched. With the living standard being raised, it is reasonable to improve the expenditure of students. There is nothing to blame.
For me, it is not just a habit of spending more money; it is a reflection of students' outlook on money and value. The students get money from their parents so easily that they have no idea of earning money with their hard work and effort, thus developing an awareness that they want to get things but are unwilling to work hard for their goal. Definitely, that is harmful. The campus students can improve their lives, but with the money earned by themselves.
第一段講述了這一現(xiàn)象，大學(xué)生喜歡什么買什么，從不關(guān)注錢從何處來(lái)，也不關(guān)心自己的花銷。
第二段提出了一些人的看法，他們認(rèn)為社會(huì)進(jìn)步了，生活水平提高了，大學(xué)生多花一點(diǎn)也無(wú)可厚非。
第三段講述了作者自己的觀點(diǎn)看法。在作者看來(lái)，這并不僅僅是花錢習(xí)慣，更多地反映了學(xué)生的金錢觀、價(jià)值觀。學(xué)生從父母那里很容易就能要來(lái)錢，所以他們就不會(huì)想通過(guò)自己的努力來(lái)賺錢，漸漸就會(huì)培養(yǎng)這樣一種想法：希望不勞而獲。后作者強(qiáng)調(diào)，學(xué)生提高自己的生活水平并沒有什么不對(duì)，但要用自己賺來(lái)的錢。
【高分妙招】
議論文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在六級(jí)作文中，考生要注意合理表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，表明自己對(duì)問題的看法。在論述中，不要僅僅停留在表面層次，而要深究其內(nèi)在原因，才能給考官留下深刻的印象。
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
弗洛伊德關(guān)于“人類心理”的研究
(1)大部分人晚上經(jīng)常做夢(mèng)。早上醒來(lái)時(shí)，他們自言自語(yǔ)，“多奇怪的夢(mèng)啊!我怎么會(huì)做這樣的夢(mèng)”。有時(shí)候，夢(mèng)很恐怖;有時(shí)候，在夢(mèng)中愿望可以成真。還有時(shí)候，我們因奇怪的夢(mèng)而困擾，在夢(mèng)中世界似乎顛倒了，任何東西都沒有意義。
(2)夢(mèng)中我們所做的事情，在清醒時(shí)肯定不會(huì)做;我們所想所說(shuō)的，清醒時(shí)從不敢想、不敢說(shuō)。夢(mèng)為什么這么奇怪和陌生?夢(mèng)從何處來(lái)?
(3)【1】沒有人的答案比Sigmund Freud給出的更讓人滿意。他認(rèn)為，夢(mèng)源于人的心靈，人沒有辦法認(rèn)識(shí)或控制它。他把這個(gè)稱作“無(wú)意識(shí)心理”。
(4)【2】Sigmund Freud出生在一百多年前，他一生中大部分的時(shí)間生活在奧地利的維也納，但二戰(zhàn)后不久，在倫敦終老。Freud探索了一個(gè)新的世界——人類內(nèi)心世界。無(wú)意識(shí)心理就像一口深井，充滿了記憶和情感。從我們出生的那一刻起就儲(chǔ)存在那里。我們的“有意識(shí)心理”把它們給遺忘了。直到不愉快、不平凡的經(jīng)歷使我們?nèi)セ貞洠蜃鰤?mèng)的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到它們就在那里。突然之間，我們看到了童年時(shí)看到的東西，擁有了和童年時(shí)代一樣的感受。
(5)要想探究人們某種行為的原因，F(xiàn)reud的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要。我們內(nèi)心深處無(wú)意識(shí)的力量，和我們知道的意識(shí)的力量，至少要一樣強(qiáng)大。有時(shí)候，我們不知道為什么就做了某事。而不知道的原因可能就深埋在無(wú)意識(shí)心理當(dāng)中。
(6)Freud小時(shí)候，很關(guān)注他人經(jīng)歷的痛苦;因此長(zhǎng)大后他成為醫(yī)生毫并不奇怪。【3】他了解了人體的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，但是，他越來(lái)越關(guān)注的是人類心理。他前赴巴黎留學(xué)，師從法國(guó)醫(yī)生Charcot。那個(gè)時(shí)代似乎沒有人了解心理。如果一個(gè)人瘋了，或“發(fā)狂了”，基本上無(wú)法可治。人們不理解發(fā)生在他們身上的事情。他們是不是被惡魔或邪惡的靈魂附了體?是不是做錯(cuò)了事，上帝在懲罰他們?這樣的人往往被與普通人隔離開來(lái)，仿佛他們犯了大罪。
(7)很多地方直到今天仍然是這樣。醫(yī)生更喜歡研究他們能看到、能實(shí)驗(yàn)的人體部位。【4】打開一個(gè)人的頭顱，你可以看到他的腦子，但看不到他的想法、意見或夢(mèng)境。
(8)【4】在Freud那個(gè)時(shí)代，基本沒有醫(yī)生對(duì)這些話題感興趣。Freud想知道人的心理是如何活動(dòng)的。他從Chorcot那里學(xué)成后，1886年回到維也納，成為一名神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生。他結(jié)了婚，在家里治療越來(lái)越多的病人。大部分病人是女士。她們過(guò)于激動(dòng)或焦慮，心理方面而非身體上患有疾病，吃藥是不管用的。Freud很同情他們，卻愛莫能助。
(9)【5】有一天，F(xiàn)reud的朋友Josef Breuer醫(yī)生來(lái)看他，并和他講到了自己照顧的一個(gè)小姑娘。每次當(dāng)他允許小姑娘討論自己的事情時(shí)，她看起來(lái)就會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。她告訴Josef Breuer醫(yī)生映入腦海的所有事情。每談，她就能記起更多小時(shí)候的事。聽到此，F(xiàn)reud很激動(dòng)。他開始用同樣的方法治療自己的病人。他詢問病人孩提時(shí)代的事情，鼓勵(lì)病人講述自己的經(jīng)歷和人際關(guān)系。他自己說(shuō)的很少。在他傾聽時(shí)，病人經(jīng)常會(huì)重現(xiàn)過(guò)去的生活瞬間。他們會(huì)因憤怒害怕，或愛恨情仇而顫抖。他們仿佛把Freud當(dāng)成自己的父親、母親或情人。Freud從不試圖阻止他們，他安靜地接受病人所講的一切，不管是好事還是壞事。來(lái)看病的有一位年輕女士，她盡管很渴卻無(wú)法喝水。是某些原因阻止了她喝水的能力。Freud發(fā)現(xiàn)了其中的原因。一天，他們交流時(shí)，這位女士記起，她看到一只狗從護(hù)士的杯子里喝水，她并沒告訴這個(gè)她不喜歡的護(hù)士。后來(lái)她完全忘記了這個(gè)經(jīng)歷。突然，兒時(shí)的記憶重回腦海。當(dāng)她把整個(gè)故事——護(hù)士、狗、那杯水——講給Freud 聽時(shí)， 這位女士又可以喝水了。
(10)【6】Freud把這種治療方法叫做“談心療法”，后來(lái)稱作心理分析。當(dāng)病人暢所欲言讓他們困擾的事情時(shí)，他們通常會(huì)感覺好一些。
(11)【10】有時(shí)候，病人講的故事會(huì)讓Freud大吃一驚。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，小孩的感情和父母的感情沒有多少不一樣。一個(gè)小男孩可能很愛自己的母親，以至于想殺掉父親;同時(shí)他也愛自己的父親，并為自己的這個(gè)念頭感到羞愧。帶著如此復(fù)雜的感情生活是很困難的，所以這些情感都隱退到無(wú)意識(shí)的心理狀態(tài)，只在困擾的夢(mèng)境中才重現(xiàn)。很難相信，由于兒時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，人們可能會(huì)變瞎，或失去語(yǔ)言能力。
(12)Freud因自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)而受到各方的攻擊，但也找到了真正的朋友。【8】很多人相信，至少他找到了打開人類心理的一把鑰匙，來(lái)幫助痛苦中的人們。他找到了很多人生難題的答案。他舉世聞名，給他人傳授“談心療法”?！?】無(wú)法估計(jì)他對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和科學(xué)的影響也是無(wú)法估量的。作家、劇作家、畫家，在學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、監(jiān)獄工作的人們，都從這個(gè)偉人身上學(xué)到了一些東西，是他發(fā)現(xiàn)了進(jìn)入人們無(wú)意識(shí)心理的方法。現(xiàn)在，并不是所有Freud的觀點(diǎn)都被接受。但是，有些人跟隨他的方向，來(lái)幫助人們更好的了解自我?！?0】對(duì)于那些曾被叫做“瘋子”的人們來(lái)講，因?yàn)橛辛薋reud以及這些繼承者，如今便有了前所未有的希望。
1. 答案B
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第三段。段首講，關(guān)于解夢(mèng)，沒有人比Sigmund Freud給出的答案讓人更滿意。
2. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，考生可鎖定文章的第四段。第四段一開始就講到Sigmund Freud的生平。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾性，文中只說(shuō)到end his days(終老)，并沒有說(shuō)end his life(自殺)。
3. 答案A
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可關(guān)注文章的第六段。第六段中講：他了解人身體如何運(yùn)行，卻越來(lái)越關(guān)注人類心理。從中可以判斷，他對(duì)人類心理更感興趣。
4. 答案D
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第八段。段首講，那個(gè)年代，基本上沒有醫(yī)生對(duì)這個(gè)話題感興趣?？忌苫氐降谄叨?，確定“這個(gè)話題”指代的是“想法、意見和夢(mèng)境”。
5. 答案A
解析：根據(jù)題干中的人名Dr Josef Breuer ，考生可鎖定文章的第九段。 Josef Breuer醫(yī)生 給Freud講了自己一個(gè)病人的故事，這給Freud帶來(lái)了靈感。由此可以判斷，在Freud學(xué)說(shuō)中，Josef Breuer醫(yī)生 提供了一些幫助。
6. 答案D
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十段。此段主要講了什么是心理分析，也就是所謂的“談心療法”，即病人可以自由地討論自己遇到的困擾。
7. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十一段。段中的原話為，He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents，而選項(xiàng)C是其同義句。
8. 答案the human mind
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。很多人肯定，F(xiàn)reud找到了打開人類心理的一把鑰匙。
9. 答案literature and science
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。Freud在很多方面都帶來(lái)了深刻的影響，如現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，文學(xué)和科學(xué)等。
10. 答案crazy
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。此段的后一句話講到，那些人曾被叫做“crazy”。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.
M: May I ask where Anne's Clothing Store is located?
W: Of course. Just keep walking down for another 3 blocks and it'll be on your right between the post office and the courthouse.
Q: Where is this dialogue occurring?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于四個(gè)地點(diǎn)。男士問：Anne's Clothing Store在哪個(gè)地方?這是個(gè)服裝店的名字。女士回答：在你的右面，郵局和法院之間。從這些地名可以推斷，這個(gè)對(duì)話發(fā)生在市中心。
12.
M: I came as soon as you called. Is there a problem?
W: Yes, Mr. Chu. You must begin getting to the office on time, or we will no longer need your service here.
Q: What happened to Mr. Chu?
答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)是某個(gè)人的工作。男士說(shuō)：一打電話我就來(lái)了，有問題嗎?女士說(shuō)：你必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)辦公室，否則就不需要你了。這是個(gè)警告，警告男士從現(xiàn)在開始準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班。
13.
M: The violin sounds awful.
W: I know. I wish we could get a refund. This performance is the worst I've ever been to.
Q: Where are these people talking?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是所處的位置。男士說(shuō)：小提琴聽起來(lái)真糟糕。女士肯定男士的看法，并強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)，這是看過(guò)的糟糕的表演。由此可以判斷他們是在聽音樂會(huì)。
14.
W: If the traffic wasn't held up for so long, I would have been to class by ten o'clock.
M: It's too bad you didn't make it. The professor was looking for you all morning.
Q: What happened to the woman?
答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是發(fā)生在女孩子身上的事情。女士使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣：如果不是交通阻塞，十點(diǎn)前能到教室。男士也很遺憾，說(shuō)教授一直在找她。從中可以判斷，交通不好，是女孩子遲到的原因。
15.
W: I hate the way the trains run in this city. I've been waiting here for almost a half hour.
M: It's almost eight o'clock, so we should be on our way soon.
Q: When did the woman begin waiting for the train?
答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)表示時(shí)間?？忌貏e注意時(shí)間的表達(dá)。女士說(shuō)：我很討厭這個(gè)城市的火車路線，我在這里等了將近半個(gè)小時(shí)。男士說(shuō)：現(xiàn)在快八點(diǎn)了。因此，女士大概是從7:30開始等的。
16.
M: I sent the package over 10 days ago and it still hasn't arrived.
W: Maybe you should send the next one by air.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是郵遞的某種方式。男士說(shuō)：包裹已寄出去10天了，到現(xiàn)在還沒有到達(dá);女士建議他下用空郵。所以C為正確答案。
17.
M: I wish I could be the person driving that new Cadillac instead of Barbara.
W: Well, if you would budget your money more carefully, this wouldn't be a problem.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man?
答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)是女士對(duì)男士的看法。男士說(shuō)：我真希望自己開著Cadillac;女士使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣：如果你詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃開支，這不成問題。所以在女士看來(lái)，男士應(yīng)好好計(jì)劃如何花錢。
18.
M: I was so disappointed to hear that Jim lost his job. I know that his daughter was sick last month, so he was always late to work.
W: Oh, that wasn't it. Jim made a big error in this week's accounting. The boss was furious.
Q: Why was Jim fired?
答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是某位男士近做的事。男士說(shuō)：很遺憾Jim失業(yè)了。他女兒上個(gè)月病了，所以他經(jīng)常遲到。女士否定了這個(gè)原因，她說(shuō)：本周的賬目中他犯了大錯(cuò)，老板生氣了。所以Jim失業(yè)的原因，是他犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
Conversation One
M: Dr. Thomas? This is Keet Bradley from the Daily News. 【19】I'd like to ask you some questions about the new official standard weight that you purchased.
W: I'd be happy to help you. What would you like to know?
M: First of all, how is the standard weight used?
W: Well, 【20】the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. We are a government agency, the department of weights and measures. It's our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the scales.
M: How did you check the scales before?
W: We have an old standard weight that we used to use. 【21】It had to be replaced because it was imprecise. You see it was made of poor quality metal that was too porous. It absorbed too much moisture.
M: Oh. So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was dry it weighed less.
W: Exactly. And that variation can affect the standards of the whole country. So our department had the new weight made out of higher quality metal.
M: How much did it cost?
W: About 45,000 dollars.
M: 45,000 dollars? For one kilogram weight? That's more expensive than gold. 【22】Is it really worth that much?
W: 【22】I'm sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry, for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and package medicine.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the conversation mainly about?
19. 答案B
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推斷問題可能是對(duì)話主題。聽力對(duì)話一開始，男士開門見山，問及對(duì)方所買的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼(standard weight)。這是個(gè)稱重單位。
20. How was the weight used?
20. 答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)用to do表示目的。男士接著問，這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼怎么用?女士回答，可以用來(lái)檢查全國(guó)天平的準(zhǔn)確度。
21. Why was it necessary to replace the old standard weight?
21. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推測(cè)問題可能是更換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼的原因。女士詳細(xì)解釋更換原因：老的砝碼太不精確了，因?yàn)橹谱髟牧鲜橇淤|(zhì)金屬。
22. What does Dr. Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight?
22. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是對(duì)其價(jià)值的判斷。男士問：花這么多錢值得嗎?女士給予了肯定回答，然后舉例說(shuō)明，各個(gè)行業(yè)需要控制天平精確度，比如醫(yī)藥行業(yè)，需要非常精確的生產(chǎn)和包裝藥物。由此可以判斷，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼雖然貴，但具有重要功能，花錢買它還是合理的。
Conversation Two
W: Hello?
M: Hi, May, this is Bill Johns.
W: 【24】Oh hi, Bill. You weren't in engineering class today, were you?
M: 【24】I have the flu. I was wondering if you could tell me what went on.
W: 【23】Actually we had an interesting class. Dr. Collin talked about a new type of fuel.
M: Oh, yeah?
W: Uh-hum. It's called diethyl or DME.
M: Oh, I remember reading something about DME. It's mostly used in spray cans, right?
W: Right. DME doesn't destroy the ozone, so it's been environmentally friendly.
M: But doesn't DME pollute the air if it's burned in an engine?
W: Dr. Collin says something about its exhausts being clear, that it doesn't release as much pollutants as diesel fuel, and he mentioned something about DME being more efficient than other alternative fuels.
M: When will it replace diesel fuel?
W: Not for a while. It's not economical to mass produce.
M: Well, thanks for the information. I guess I won't need to borrow your notes.
W: 【25】Well, maybe you should look at them. We are having a test next week.
M: Okay, could you give them to Mike Andrews? I think he is in your psychology class. He is my roommate.
W: Sure. I hope you're feeling better soon.
M: Thanks. Me too. Bye!
W: Bye!
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What is the conversation mainly about?
23. 答案B
解析：從選項(xiàng)可以推斷，本題問題可能是對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容。對(duì)話一開始，女士就談到了主要話題，即一種名叫DME的新型燃料。選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，DME并不是柴油的一種。
24.Why is the woman giving the man the information?
24. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于男士的情況。聽力對(duì)話一開始，女士就問：你今天為什么沒有上課啊?男士回答說(shuō)自己得了感冒。從此可以判斷，女士給男士提供信息的原因是，男士因病缺課了。
25. Why does the woman suggest the man look at her notes?
25. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)表示目的。聽力對(duì)話后，女士建議男士看自己的筆記，因?yàn)橄轮軙?huì)有考試。所以C為正確答案。
Section B
Passage One
【29】To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good image in a limited time available, 【26】usually from 30 to 45 minutes. 【29】You must talk a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.
You should especially pay attention to some qualities during the interview.【27】First of all, you should take care to appear properly dressed. The right clothes worn at the right time can win the respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgment. It may not be true that clothes make the man, but the first and lasting impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear. Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking. Since speech is a reflection of personality, 【28】you should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or over powering. You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the position you're applying for. Finally, to be really impressive, you must convey a sense of self-confidence and an enthusiasm for work. If you display these characteristics with just a little luck, you'll certainly succeed in a typical personnel interview.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you've just heard.
26.How long does an interview usually last according to the speaker?
26. 答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)關(guān)于時(shí)間，考生要特別關(guān)注聽力篇章中對(duì)時(shí)間的描述。聽力第一段提到，你需要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，一般是30到45分鐘之內(nèi)，留下一個(gè)好印象。所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
27. How can one give an interviewer good first impression?
27. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)討論在面試中該如何做。聽力中談到面試過(guò)程中的具體做法，第一個(gè)需要注意的就是恰當(dāng)?shù)拇┲?。而A、B、D是干擾項(xiàng)。
28. How can you reflect your personality in the speech?
28. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)討論在面試中該如何說(shuō)話。聽力中提到，聲音要清晰，音量能讓人聽見即可，不要給人自以為是(aggressive)的感覺。所以選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
29. What is the main idea of the talk you've just heard?
29. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于面試求職的總結(jié)概括。聽力從衣著、談吐、表現(xiàn)等方面討論在面試中該如何給面試官留下深刻印象，這是本篇聽力的主要內(nèi)容。所以選D。
Passage Two
I'm having problems living with Colin. We've barely spoken to each other in a month, and when we do, it's to fight. It started when we first moved in. I had a lot of things, and Colin wasn't thrilled. He's not easy to please, you know. I put all my stuff in the closet in the kitchen. This made him really upset because he wanted to put his surfing gear there. What's more, I like a neat, orderly apartment, but Colin is so carefree. His part of the apartment is always a mess. That's ok if he's just messy in his room, 【30】but we also share living space, such as the kitchen, living room, bath etc. I have tried talking to him about this, 【31】but then he starts yelling at me about how my friends are always coming over when he has a lot of work to do. I don't know what to do. 【30】The head resident promised to talk to Colin. I will see how it goes. 【32】If I still have a problem at the end of the week, I will ask for a room to change.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Who is Colin?
30. 答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)是某人的身份。聽力篇章主要是說(shuō)話者和Colin的生活瑣事，他們共享的空間等。聽力后講，房東會(huì)和Colin商量一下。由此可以肯定Colin是其舍友。
31. Why does Colin get angry with the narrator?
31.答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是對(duì)某個(gè)人的描述?？忌⒁鈫栴}的he指代說(shuō)話人還是Colin。問題是：Colin為什么對(duì)作者生氣?聽力篇章后說(shuō)，當(dāng)作者把客人帶回家時(shí)，Colin就會(huì)生氣大叫。所以C為正確答案。
32. What will the narrator probably do?
32. 答案C
解析：從選項(xiàng)可以推測(cè)，問題可能是作者要如何做。聽力篇章后講，如果到周末仍然有問題，就要求換房間。由此可以判斷，作者要先等到周末。
Passage Three
Centuries ago, during the Middle Ages, most of the land in Europe was owned by many different kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies. They did not all get along. They were always fighting. They all wanted to get more land. 【33】To protect themselves, they started building huge homes out of stone. They called their homes castles.
【35】A castle was built behind a strong stonewall. The wall was five or six feet thick and ten to twenty feet high. A deep ditch called a moat was dug around the outside of the wall. It was often filled with water, and the only way anyone could enter the castle was to cross a drawbridge. The drawbridge could be raised or lowered over the moat from inside the castle walls. There was also a tunnel that began in the castle and ended at the moat. This was important in case the castle was captured. It allowed the king and queen to escape. They could swim across the moat and hide in the forest.
【35】Living in a castle was not very comfortable. The rooms were cold and damp. Every room could have a fire burning in a great fireplace, but until the twelfth century castles did not have chimneys. The smoke from their fireplaces had to go out through open doors, and windows.
【34】Meals often had ten or twelve courses. The meat might be wild bears or birds that were boiled or roasted over an open fire. All the food was highly seasoned. People even put pepper in their drinks!
【34】The people sat at a long table and ate with their fingers and a knife, all picking their food from the same big dish. They had no napkins. Therefore, they often wiped their hands on pieces of bread. When their fingers were clean, they threw the bread to their hunting dogs.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Which of the following statements is NOT true about castles?
33.答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)陳述句。聽力篇章第一段就講到建造城堡的原因。他們希望有更多的土地，為了保護(hù)自己，就建造了城堡。所以選項(xiàng)A中講到的原因和聽力原文不符。
34. What can be inferred from the people's eating habit in a castle?
34. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)描述了他們的生活方式。聽力篇章后一部分講述了他們的飲食，一頓10到12個(gè)菜，在篝火上烤野味，加很多調(diào)味品。他們用手指和刀子吃飯，沒有餐巾紙，直接在面包上擦手。從中可以判斷，生活比較奢華卻并不太文明。
35. What is the main topic of this passage?
35. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推測(cè)問題可能是文章的大意。聽力篇章一開始，作者講到建造城堡的原因，接下來(lái)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了城堡的結(jié)構(gòu)，然后討論了城堡內(nèi)的生活。因而可以判斷文章的大意是城堡的結(jié)構(gòu)和里面的生活。
Section C
36. 答案fashionable
解析：此空是個(gè)常用的形容詞，fashionable來(lái)自于名詞fashion，意為“流行的”。
37. 答案complained
解析：complain意為“抱怨”，根據(jù)后面賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，考生要注意此處用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
38.答案obedience
解析：此處需要名詞，obedience來(lái)自于動(dòng)詞obey，意為“順從”。
39.答案Actually
解析：此空是個(gè)常用副詞，actually意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。考生需要注意，此處是句首，actually的首字母要大寫。
40.答案critics
解析：critic意為“評(píng)論家”，前面有many，所以此處要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
41.答案opportunity
解析：此空是個(gè)常用名詞，opportunity意為“機(jī)會(huì)”。
42.答案traditional
解析：此詞來(lái)自于名詞tradition，此處需要形容詞修飾后面的society。
43.答案approve
解析：approve of是個(gè)常用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“贊同，許可”。
44.答案people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents
解析：聯(lián)系上文，可以判斷這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句共用同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列：trave，move，marry or live，choose。此句中，考生需要注意people后面是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)occupation上文曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)，不應(yīng)該成為聽力難點(diǎn)。
45.答案the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them
解析：前文講到父母對(duì)孩子的期望，這些期望也是父母和孩子之間出現(xiàn)代溝的原因。此句需要注意的詞匯：ambition，division。
46.答案elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight
解析：前文講到變化的速度也是出現(xiàn)代溝的原因，后面具體說(shuō)明傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的情況，當(dāng)代社會(huì)的情況：傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)中，老人由于他們多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)智慧而被看重;而當(dāng)代，一生的知識(shí)一夜之間有可能過(guò)時(shí)。此處需要注意的詞匯：valued，wisdom，obsolete。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
原文精譯
9.11事件之后，在世貿(mào)中心工作的許多工人都生病了。在雙子塔以及倒塌的第三幢樓的廢墟中，【47】他們呼吸著塵、煙、化學(xué)物質(zhì)的混合體。有些人沒有好好保護(hù)他們的肺，撒手而去。五年后，當(dāng)時(shí)恐怖襲擊后不久在“爆心投影點(diǎn)”(位于華盛頓)工作的成千上萬(wàn)的員工中，很多人的健康都仍有問題。
紐約市Mount Sinai醫(yī)療中心的醫(yī)生宣布了對(duì)這些工人的研究結(jié)果?！?8】這項(xiàng)研究確認(rèn)，商貿(mào)中心成員、消防隊(duì)員、警察和其他工人中，呼吸出現(xiàn)問題的比率很高。研究中大概70%的工人有了新的呼吸問題，或原有的呼吸問題加重。他們?cè)谌缟桨愕臍埡≈泄ぷ?，期間或隨后出現(xiàn)了這些問題。在調(diào)查研究期間，大概60%的人依然有呼吸問題?！?9】研究人員說(shuō)，其他的紊亂可能出現(xiàn)得比較晚，他們決定先研究對(duì)呼吸的影響。Mount Sinai說(shuō)，2002和2004期間，測(cè)試了將近12，000人，其中80%的人同意把結(jié)果寫在報(bào)告里。新的結(jié)果支持2004年Mount Sinai發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果，而那時(shí)的研究只測(cè)試了1，000人。
【50】市以及州政府官員讓工人在沒有令人滿意的設(shè)備的“爆心投影點(diǎn)”工作，一些立法者尖銳地批評(píng)了這一點(diǎn);政府官員聲稱空氣相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)安全，這也受到了批判?！?1】州及聯(lián)邦政府許諾，5億多美元將用來(lái)支付工人的治療費(fèi)用。Robin Herbert醫(yī)生是Mount Sinai測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人之一，她說(shuō)，因“爆心投影點(diǎn)”的煙塵所引起的問題，還有很多人來(lái)醫(yī)院治療，“我擔(dān)心一年之后錢花完了，怎么辦?”
47.答案A harmful mix of dust，smoke and chemicals in the ruins.
解析：根據(jù)問題可將答案定位在文章的第一段。工人呼吸了某一種混合物，才導(dǎo)致健康問題?？忌⒁馐鬃帜敢髮憽?BR> 48.答案The building trades，firefighters，police officers and other workers.
解析：根據(jù)問題，考生可將答案定位在文章的第二段。研究表明，在商貿(mào)中心成員、消防隊(duì)員、警察和其他工人中，呼吸出現(xiàn)問題的比率很高?？忌⒁馐鬃帜敢髮?。
49.答案other disorders
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第二段。在填寫過(guò)程中，不可忘記名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
50.答案City and state officials
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可將答案定位在文章的第三段。需要特別注意的是，空白處是主語(yǔ)，所以首字母要大寫。
51.答案To pay more than fifty million dollars for treatment of the workers.
解析：根據(jù)問題，考生可鎖定文章的第三段?？忌獙?duì)原句做細(xì)微的調(diào)整，用to do不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示措施。
Section B
Passage One
原文精譯
【52】表演界人數(shù)眾多，因此，給想登上舞臺(tái)的年輕人的忠告是：別走這條路!但對(duì)那些感覺自己必須表演的人，哪怕成名的機(jī)會(huì)很渺茫，勸說(shuō)也是沒有用的。一般來(lái)講，踏上表演這條路的第一步是去戲劇學(xué)校。通常這些學(xué)校只接收有前途、有天賦的學(xué)生，課程一般持續(xù)兩年。【53】年輕演員一般在輪演劇團(tuán)工作，職位一般為舞臺(tái)總監(jiān)助理。這意味著，他要做劇院里所有的工作：刷背景，照看家具，管理戲服，甚至出演小角色。這實(shí)際上是非常辛苦的，工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，工資又低?！?4】但是，天生愛表演的年輕演員卻非常高興，他們期待著能和更好的公司合作，或者拍電影，或者演電視劇。
當(dāng)然，有些人運(yùn)氣超好，沒有經(jīng)過(guò)這個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)枯燥的過(guò)程便成名了。比如Connie Pratt，她起初只是個(gè)在自行車廠工作的普通女孩。一天早晨她在公交站等車，一個(gè)電影制片人的豪華轎車恰巧路過(guò)，制片人看到了她，便讓司機(jī)停車，他前去和這個(gè)女孩交談，問她是否愿意到電影制片廠試鏡。剛開始，女孩以為他在開玩笑。隨后她生氣了，并說(shuō)要報(bào)警。制片人花了20分鐘告訴Connie他是嚴(yán)肅的，然后約定讓她第二天到制片廠去。試鏡很成功。隨后她接受了一些必要的訓(xùn)練。幾周后，【55】她便擔(dān)當(dāng)了主角。和當(dāng)時(shí)的知名演員演對(duì)手戲。當(dāng)然，她也有了現(xiàn)在聞名世界的藝名。【56】但這樣的機(jī)會(huì)千載難逢!
52.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。段首講，表演界人數(shù)眾多，所以不鼓勵(lì)年輕人從事表演事業(yè)。從此判斷D為正確選項(xiàng)。
53.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的an assistant stage manager，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。原文中講，年輕演員一般在輪演劇團(tuán)工作，職位一般為舞臺(tái)總監(jiān)助理。這意味著，要做劇院里所有的工作。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，這只是其中一個(gè)因素而已。
54.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的同義辨析題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。段末講，天生愛表演的年輕演員非常高興。這表明他們生來(lái)喜歡舞臺(tái)。
55.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段后半部分講，女孩隨后接受了一些必要的訓(xùn)練，幾周后便擔(dān)當(dāng)了主角，和當(dāng)時(shí)的知名演員演對(duì)手戲，然后便世界聞名了。因此D正確。選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，文中說(shuō)女孩接受了一些訓(xùn)練，但沒有提到接受的訓(xùn)練是“the art of speaking”。
56.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第二段，段末出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。第二段講述了一個(gè)非常罕見的例子，所以作者在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)這種機(jī)會(huì)并不常見。選項(xiàng)A意為“同時(shí)，突然”;選項(xiàng)C意為“偶爾，有時(shí)”;選項(xiàng)D意為“徹底地”。
Passage Two
原文精譯
【57】無(wú)論是作為一項(xiàng)工作還是一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，北京的家政服務(wù)業(yè)都將變得更具吸引力。
來(lái)自北京人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議的消息稱，城市下崗工人抵制家政服務(wù)工作的觀念正在消失。會(huì)議建議加強(qiáng)市政中心的作用，由它們來(lái)監(jiān)督物業(yè)管理，負(fù)責(zé)家具維修和安裝以及家務(wù)服務(wù)?，F(xiàn)代城市生活催生了產(chǎn)業(yè)化的家政服務(wù)業(yè)。大會(huì)社會(huì)公平委員會(huì)的副會(huì)長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為，【61】這將為那些失業(yè)工人創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)。
北京市民早就期望能有家政服務(wù)業(yè)，這種需求有望帶動(dòng)新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)?！?1】目前，消費(fèi)者一直抱怨北京缺乏高質(zhì)量的家政服務(wù)。
過(guò)去，很少有下崗工人愿意做家政服務(wù)方面的工作，這樣的工作大部分由來(lái)自農(nóng)村的年輕婦女來(lái)做。同時(shí)，一些城市居民對(duì)農(nóng)村女孩不太放心，總感覺由她們來(lái)使用現(xiàn)代化的家庭電器或者照顧孩子不安全。很多人更愿意多付錢找一個(gè)對(duì)城市生活熟悉的、可靠的家政服務(wù)人員，【58】但是在這個(gè)有數(shù)以千計(jì)的下崗工人的城市，他們卻找不到一個(gè)想要的人。
【58】本年六月底，市失業(yè)人口已達(dá)30600人，其中大部分是四十多歲的婦女。他們沒有特別的技能，卻有計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的工作道德。【60】當(dāng)他們第意識(shí)到自己失業(yè)了，告別了已過(guò)了幾十年的生活方式的時(shí)候，他們感到很茫然。
他們從來(lái)沒想到會(huì)從國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗，也從未考慮過(guò)其他的職業(yè)?！?9】對(duì)他們來(lái)講，私企意味著冒險(xiǎn);家政服務(wù)暗示較低的社會(huì)地位?，F(xiàn)年四十四歲的高云芳是第一個(gè)吃螃蟹的人，她早晨賣《北京早報(bào)》;下午在兩家做家務(wù)，每月可以掙到1000元。這樣她不必再擔(dān)心正在上海上大學(xué)的女兒的學(xué)費(fèi)問題了。
57.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)主旨題。本篇文章一開始，就提及文章主題，那就是家政服務(wù)。
58.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)同義轉(zhuǎn)換題?？忌赡軐?duì)此詞非常熟悉，laid-off和jobless同義，意為“失業(yè)”。如果不熟悉，可鎖定文章的第四段和第五段，第四段段末用到laid-off，而第五段段首用jobless，由此可以判斷兩詞是同義詞。
59.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第五段。下崗職工感到茫然的原因是，他們第意識(shí)到要和原來(lái)的生活方式分開，過(guò)一種全新的生活。
60.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第六段。他們從未考慮過(guò)其他職業(yè)，家政服務(wù)暗示較低的社會(huì)地位。由此判斷B為正確選項(xiàng)。
61.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的主旨題。文章的第二段和第三段講到了家政業(yè)給中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的好處，一是提供了很多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì);二是滿足了現(xiàn)代城市生活的需求。
Part V Cloze
原文精譯
我們會(huì)大笑，我們會(huì)傷心，我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，我們會(huì)做夢(mèng)，這就是生活。它是個(gè)旅程。請(qǐng)遵循如下原則，把人生的旅程變成一個(gè)快樂的旅程吧!
新的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在寒冷的季節(jié)，保持積極的心態(tài)是抵抗疾病的好方法。
在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)里，身體健康的志愿者被置于感冒或流感病毒中。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，性情陽(yáng)光的人得病的可能性較小。這些結(jié)果發(fā)表在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》期刊上，并為以下觀點(diǎn)提供了新證據(jù)：“積極向上的情感類型”可以幫助抵抗感冒和其他疾病。
研究人員相信，這既有客觀方面的原因，因?yàn)榭鞓犯锌梢蕴岣呙庖吖δ?也有主觀方面的原因，因?yàn)榭鞓返娜撕苌偈芎韲瞪硢』蛄鞅翘榈睦_。匹茲堡卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)的Sheldon Cohen博士是這項(xiàng)研究的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物，他解釋說(shuō)，“擁有積極向上情感類型的人，對(duì)病毒的免疫反應(yīng)不一樣。感冒時(shí)，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為自己的病并沒有那么嚴(yán)重?！?BR> Cohen和同事在先前的一個(gè)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，人越感覺快樂，得感冒的可能性就越小。但仍存在某些疑問，如情感特點(diǎn)本身是否起作用。
新的研究中，研究人員共研究了193個(gè)身體健康的成年人，他們擁有健全的人格，健康和情感類型均自我感覺良好。那些總感覺快樂、精力充沛和隨和的人被認(rèn)為擁有積極向上的情感類型，而那些經(jīng)常不快、緊張、充滿惡意的人擁有消極的情感類型。研究人員給他們使用含有感冒病毒或特殊流感病毒的滴鼻液。隨后六天，志愿者上報(bào)他們出現(xiàn)的任何癥狀，如酸痛、打噴嚏、充血等，研究人員收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)，如每天的粘液排量。通過(guò)對(duì)鼻子不適狀況的客觀檢測(cè)，Cohen和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂的人得感冒的可能性相對(duì)較小。
62.答案B
解析：此處stay做系動(dòng)詞，后面加一個(gè)名詞，表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”。
63.答案D
解析：常和介詞against連用的名詞為選項(xiàng)A中的safeguard和選項(xiàng)D中defense。safeguard意為“保衛(wèi)者，保護(hù)措施”，defense意為“防衛(wèi)”。
64.答案C
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。和介詞to連用的動(dòng)詞是expose，意為“使……置身于”。而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞和介詞from連用。
65.答案A
解析：此空考查副詞。 選項(xiàng)A中的generally意為“一般來(lái)講”;選項(xiàng)B中commonly意為“通常地，普通地”;選項(xiàng)C中的frequently意為“經(jīng)?！?選項(xiàng)D中的genetically意為“遺傳方面地”。
66.答案B
解析：此空考查固定搭配，生病的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“fall ill”。
67.答案A
解析：考生要注意，evidence后面的從句是個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，所以用連詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
68.答案C
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有ward可以和off連用，ward off意為“防止，避開”。
69.答案B
解析：考生要注意上下文的聯(lián)系。上文講，“積極向上的情感類型”可以幫助抵抗感冒和其他疾病。所以說(shuō)，快樂感是可以提高免疫功能的。因此，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
70.答案B
解析：后面作者列舉了兩種情況，a scratchy throat，a runny nose，快樂的人不太會(huì)受到這兩種情況的困擾。而選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，suffer一般不用于被動(dòng)態(tài)。
71.答案C
解析：此句意為：擁有積極向上情感類型的人們對(duì)病毒有不同的免疫反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)D是個(gè)干擾性，reaction強(qiáng)調(diào)“反作用力，化學(xué)反應(yīng)”。
72.答案C
解析：能和后面的as連用的動(dòng)詞有選項(xiàng)A、C、D。選項(xiàng)A中需要用think of ... as;選項(xiàng)D中translate ... as意為“把……翻譯為”。而選項(xiàng)C中的interpret意為“解釋說(shuō)明”，符合題意。
73.答案C
解析：根據(jù)后面從句使用的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，可以判斷這是個(gè)過(guò)去的研究。選項(xiàng)C中的previous意為“上一個(gè)”。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，former指兩者中的前者。
74.答案B
解析：考生要注意兩句之間的關(guān)系。前一句講，這個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)快樂的人不容易得感冒，后一句講，仍存在某些疑問。可以判斷，兩句之間是對(duì)比的關(guān)系，選擇連詞but。
75.答案B
解析：此處是個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句用作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)情感特點(diǎn)是否起作用，選擇連詞whether。
76.答案A
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A中的tend to意為“傾向于，易于”;選項(xiàng)B中的incline to強(qiáng)調(diào)“贊同，支持” 的含義;選項(xiàng)C中的apt to意為“有可能”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生的可能性;選項(xiàng)D中的subject to意為“屈服于，讓步于，易受…….的影響”。因此只有A符合題意。
77.答案D
解析：judge ... as意為“判斷……為”，此處使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
78.答案A
解析：此題要結(jié)合上下兩句話的含義。前一句講到積極向上的人，后一句講到消極的人，所以兩者之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，選擇連詞while。
79.答案C
解析：后面的兩種物質(zhì)包含在前面的滴鼻劑中。選項(xiàng)A和B強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)整體是由哪些部分組成;選項(xiàng)D中的cover強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的覆蓋。
80.答案C
解析：此空比較簡(jiǎn)單，文章的第三段中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)，這里指的是實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象。
81.答案A
解析：考生要注意，while連接前后兩個(gè)句子，前面的句子強(qiáng)調(diào)志愿者的主觀感受，如疼痛等;后面的句子強(qiáng)調(diào)研究人員收集的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，具有客觀性。
Part VI Translation
82.答案If I were in your shoes/If I were you
解析：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。前半句使用過(guò)去式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而后半句使用would have done的形式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反?？忌⒁猓摂M語(yǔ)氣中be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were，不管主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱。
83.答案only to find that it was empty
解析：此句考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，英語(yǔ)中使用only to do的形式。
84. 答案the least of which the lack of water is not
解析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的使用。缺水并不是的問題，可翻譯為the lack of water is not the least of all these problems，這里是一個(gè)非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面的problems。
85. 答案on having enough money to enjoy themselves outside
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：put emphasis on(強(qiáng)調(diào)，重視);“痛快享樂”的表達(dá)為enjoy oneself。
86. 答案prefer to play the computers rather than consult the reference books in the library
解析：本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)：“寧愿……也不愿意”可翻譯為prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。
84. Living in the desert has many problems, _______________________(缺水并不是的問題).
85. Both boys and girls put much emphasis _______________________(有足夠的錢以便到外面去痛快享受).
86. The students now _______________________(寧愿單獨(dú)一個(gè)人玩電腦，也不愿意到圖書館去查閱資料).
Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Curb Spending. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 現(xiàn)在許多大學(xué)生普遍花錢大手大腳，消費(fèi)水平高
2. 有人認(rèn)為社會(huì)整體生活水平提高了，大學(xué)生花錢多一些無(wú)可厚非
3. 你的看法
To Curb Spending
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Freud’s Study on “Human Mind”
Most people often dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, “What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that.”Sometimes dreams are frightening. Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true. At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been turned upside-down and nothing makes sense.
In dreams we do things which we would never do when we're awake. We think and say things we would never think and say. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from?
No one has produced a more satisfying answer than a man called Sigmund Freud. He said that dreams come from a part of one's mind which one can neither recognize nor control. He named this the “unconscious mind” .
Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred years ago. He lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, but ended his days in London, soon after the beginning of the Second World War.The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings. These memories and feelings have been stored there from the moment of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not suspect that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams. Then suddenly we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children.
This discovery of Freud's is very important if we wish to understand why people act as they do. For the unconscious forces inside us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about. Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we don't, the reasons may lie deep in our unconscious minds.
When Freud was a child he cared about the sufferings of others, so it isn't surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up. He learned all about the way in which the human body works. But he became more and more curious about the human mind. He went to Paris to study with a famous French doctor, Charcot. At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the mind. If a person went mad, or “out of his mind”, there was not much that could be done about it. People didn't understand at all what was happening to the madman. Had he been possessed by a devil or evil spirit? Was God punishing him for wrong-doing? Often such people were shut away from the ordinary people as if they had done some terrible crime.
This is still true today in many places. Doctors prefer to experiment on those parts of a man which they can see and examine. If you cut a man's head open you can see his brain. But you can't see his thoughts or ideas or dreams.
In Freud's day few doctors were interested in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our minds work. He learned a lot from Charcot. He returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a doctor in nerve diseases. He got married and began to receive more and more patients at home. Most of the patients who came to see him were women. They were over-excited and anxious, sick in mind rather than in body. Medicine did not help them. Freud was full of sympathy but he could do little to make them better.
Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, came to see him. He told Freud about a girl he was looking after. The girl seemed to get better when she was allowed to talk about herself. She told Dr Breuer everything that came into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child. Freud was excited when he heard this. He began to try to cure his patients in the same way. He asked about the events of their early childhood. He urged them to talk about their own experiences and relationships. He himself said very little. Often, as he listened, his patients relived moments from their past life. They trembled with anger and fear, hate and love. They acted as though Freud was their father or mother or lover.The doctor did not make any attempt to stop them. He quietly accepted whatever they told him, the good things and the bad. Also one young woman who came to him couldn't drink anything, although she was very thirsty. Something prevented her from drinking.Freud discovered the reason for this. One day, as they were talking, the girl remembered having seen a dog drink from her nurse's glass. She hadn't told the nurse, whom she disliked. She had forgotten the whole experience. But suddenly this childhood memory returned to mind. When she had told it all to Dr Freud—the nurse, the dog, the glass of water —the girl was able to drink again.
Freud called this treatment the ‘talking cure’. Later it was called psychoanalysis. When patients talked freely about the things that were troubling them they often felt better.
The things that patients told him sometimes gave Freud a shock. He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents. A small boy may love his mother so much that he wants to kill his father. At the same time he loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this wish. It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.It was hard to believe that people could become blind, or lose the power of speech, because of what had happened to them when they were children.
Freud was attacked from all sides for what he discovered. But he also found firm friends. Many people believed that he had at last found a way to unlock the secrets of the human mind, and to help people who were very miserable. He had found the answer to many of life's great questions.He became famous all over the world and taught others to use the talking cure. His influence on modern art, literature and science cannot be measured. People who wrote books and plays, people who painted pictures and people who worked in schools, hospitals and prisons all learned something from the great man who discovered a way into the unconscious mind.Not all of Freud's ideas are accepted today. But others have followed where he led and have helped us to understand ourselves better. Because of him, and them, there is more hope today than there has ever been before for people who were once just called “crazy”.
1. So far, Freud is the only one who can ______________.
A) study human’s thoughts, ideas and dreams
B) provide us the most satisfying reply to where dreams come from
C) tell us the reason why we will dream at night
D) offer us some help in mental problems
2. Freud _____________________.
A) spent most of his life in Vienna as well as London
B) ended his life after World War II
C) spend most of his life in Vienna, Austria
D) passed away in Austria before the World War Ⅱ
3. When Freud was a grown-up, ___________________.
A) he was more interested in human mind than the way the human body works
B) he focused his study on the human mind instead of human body
C) he shifted his attention to the study of psychology
D) he was most interested in the study of how human body works
4. In Freud’s day, _________________.
A) a number of doctors concentrated on the human’s dreams
B) a lot of students admired Freud’s study very much
C) no doctor would like to work with Freud together
D) no doctors were interested in human’s ideas, thoughts or dreams
5. According to the passage, Dr Josef Breuer ________________.
A) gave Freud some help in Freud’s study
B) was one of the workmates of Freud
C) was a doctor who specialized in the study of human body
D) offtered some advice in Freud’s study
6. According to the passage, psychoanalysis was a process ________________.
A) in which patients would not participate
B) in which patients must say something great they encountered before
C) in which patients could do what they like to do
D) in which patients could speak out his bad fortune freely in order to make themselves reassured
7. Freud found with a shock that ________________.
A) young children and their parents couldn’t stay together for a long time
B) yong children were always obedient to their parents
C) young children were not so different from their parents in feelings
D) young children and his parents differed largely in feelings
8. Although much attack pointed to Freud, it was also thought by many people that Freud had a way to uncover the secrets of __________and to help miserable people.
9. According to the passage, it is hardly to measure Freud’s influence on modern art, ___ __ _______.
10. According to the passage, at present Freud’s study brings a lot of hope to people once called “______.”
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. A) At Anne's Clothing Store.
B) Inside a shopping center.
C) At a downtown street.
D) In a suburban residential district.
12. A) He was fired from his job.
B) He was warned about being more punctual from now on.
C) The management cut his working hours.
D) He was promoted.
13. A) They are at a violin shop.
B) They are at a circus.
C) They are at a concert.
D) They are inside a movie theatre.
14. A) She didn't go to work this morning.
B) She was injured and had to go to the hospital.
C) She talked with the boss in the morning.
D) The traffic delayed her.
15. A) Seven o'clock.
B) Seven thirty.
C) Eight o'clock.
D) Eight thirty.
16. A) Sending the next package earlier.
B) Waiting patiently.
C) Using air freight.
D) Looking for the package.
17. A) She thinks that he should plan his money more carefully.
B) She thinks that he should buy a convertible.
C) She thinks that he should ask Barbara for advice.
D) She wants him to manage her money.
18. A) He was furious with his boss.
B) He was always late to work.
C) His daughter was sick and that made him late for work.
D) He prepared a financial report incorrectly.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) How to care for precious metal.
B) A standard Unit for measuring weight.
C) The value of precious metal.
D) Using the metric system.
20. A) To check the accuracy of scale.
B) To calculate the density of other metal.
C) To observe changes in the atmosphere.
D) To measure amounts of rainfall.
21. A) Someone spilled water on it.
B) Someone lost it.
C) It was made of low quality metal.
D) The standard for measuring had changed.
22. A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.
B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.
C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.
D) It is too high for such a light weigh.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A more economical diesel fuel.
B) Characteristics of a new type of fuel.
C) Where a new energy source is located.
D) How to develop alternative energy sources.
24. A) He's studying for a test.
B) He lost his note.
C) He missed the class.
D) He's doing research.
25. A) To help him explain the information to his roommate.
B) To help him write a paper.
C) To prepare for a test.
D) To tell her if the notes are accurate.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Less than 30 minutes.
B) From 30 to 45 minutes.
C) At least 45 minutes.
D) More than 30 minutes.
27. A) He should show respect for the interviewer.
B) He should show confidence for himself.
C) He should be dressed properly.
D) He should talk enthusiastically.
28. A) Speaking politely and emotionally.
B) Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.
C) Talking a lot about the job.
D) Speaking confidently but not aggressively.
29. A) Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in a job interview.
B) Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.
C) Self-confidence is more important for a job seeker.
D) A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) The man's professor.
B) The man's roommate.
C) A neighbor.
D) The man's brother.
31. A) He is too stalkative.
B) He borrows Colin's thing.
C) He brings guests over to the apartment.
D) He doesn't use the kitchen enough.
32. A) Try to talk to Colin.
B) Go home for a week.
C) Wait till the end of this week.
D) Have a room change immediately.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castles in order to get more land.
B) Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was often filled with water.
C) A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies.
D) If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to enter the castle.
34. A) They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate.
B) They lived a highly civilized court life.
C) They lived a primitive life and their table manner was often rude.
D) They lived a comparatively luxurious but not so civilized life.
35. A) Castles' structure and the eating habit in them.
B) Castles' structure and the people who lived in them.
C) Castles' structure and the life in them.
D) Why people built castles and their structure.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times, when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
A few years ago it was 36 to speak of a generation gap，a division between young people and their elders.Parents 37 that children did not show them proper respect and 38 ，while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? 39 ，the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many 40 argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the 41 when young people have to choose their own life-styles.In more 42 societies，when children grow up，they fire expected to live in the same area as their parents，to marry people that their parents know and 43 of，and often to continue the family occupation.In our society，young people often travel great distances for their educations，move out of the family home at an early age，marry or live with 44 ________________________________________________.
In our upwardly mobile society，parents often expect their children to do better than they did： to find better jobs，to make more money，and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often，however，45 _________________________________________________________. Often，they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, 46____________________________________.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Many workers who worked in the World Trade Center after the September eleventh attacks became sick. They breathed a mix of dust, smoke and chemicals in the ruins of the Twin Towers and a third building that fell. Some went clays without good protection for their lungs. Five years later, many of the thousands who worked at Ground Zero in the early days after the attacks still have health problems.
Doctors at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City have announced the results of the largest study of these workers. The study confirmed high rates of breathing problems in members of the building trades, firefighters, police officers and other workers. Almost seventy percent of the workers in the study had a new or worsened breathing problem. These problems developed during or after their time working in the mountain of wreckage. About sixty percent still had breathing problems at the time of their examination. The researchers say they decided to study the effects on breathing first because other disorders might be slower to appear. Mount Sinai says it tested almost twelve thousand people between two thousand two and two thousand four. Eight out of ten of them agreed to have their results used in the report. The new results added strength to a Mount Sinai study released in two thousand four. That study was based on only about one thousand workers.
Some lawmakers have sharply criticized city and state officials for letting workers labor at Ground Zero without satisfactory equipment. Officials have also been criticized for saying the air was relatively safe. State and federal officials have promised more than fifty million dollars to pay for treatment of the workers. Doctor Robin Herbert is one of the directors of the Mount Sinai testing program. She says people are still coming to the hospital for treatment of problems that were caused by the dust at Ground Zero. In her words:" My worry is that money will be gone in a year, and what happens then?"
47. What contributed to problems of the workers in World Trade Center after the attacks?
48. Who had the most serious breathing problems according to the latest study?
49. The researchers decided to carry on some study on the effects on breathing first because __________ might appear in a later period of time.
50. ______ are sharply criticized by some lawmakers because they let workers labor at Ground Zero with out satisfactory equipment.
51. What measures have the officials promised to take to deal with the health problem?
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!". But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.
Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
52. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.
A) actors are very unusual people
B) the course at the drama school lasts two years
C) acting is really a hard job
D) there are already too many actors
53. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.
A) do all kinds of stage work
B) work for long hours
C) wait for a better company
D) act well
54. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.
A) they don't care if their job is hard
B) they like the stage naturally
C) they are born happy
D) they are easily satisfied
55. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.
A) learning some lessons about the art of speaking
B) playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"
C) successfully matching the most famous actors
D) acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time
56. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.
A) all at once
B) once for a long time
C) once in a while
D) once and for all
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of municipal centers which supervise property management, household mending and installation, and house keeping services. Modern city life is creating a need for industrialization home services. This will create job opportunities for laid-off workers, said Vice director of the Social Judicial Committee of the Conference.
Beijing residents have long desired a home service industry. The demand is expected to drive new economic growth. There are few high quality home help services in Beijing and customers are always complaining.
In the past, few laid-off workers in Beijing desired to work as home helpers, jobs largely taken by young women from the countryside. At the same time, some city residents have not felt safe trusting rural girls with modern household machines or with their small children. Many people would pay more for reliable house keepers who are more familiar with city life, but they have had no way of getting one, even though the city is home to thousands of laid-off workers.
By the end of June this year, there were 30,600 jobless workers in the city. Most of them are women in their 40's, who are not blessed with particular skills and who have had their work ethics shaped by the planned economy. Many of them were at a loss when they first realized they had lost their jobs and a way of life they had got used to for decades.
They never imagined being laid-off by state-owned enterprises; they never considered other kinds of employment. For them, the private sector meant taking risks; housekeeping implied lower social status. Gao yunfang, 44, is a pioneer who is breaking the ice. She sells the Beijing Morning Post in the morning, and works at two households in the afternoon. She earns 1,000 yuan per month. So she no longer worries about her daughter's tuition at a university in Shanghai.
57. What is talked about in the passage?
A) Home service.
B) Modern city life.
C) Laid-off worker.
D) Social status.
58. What does the word "laid-off' in the passage mean?
A) Heavily-burdened.
B) Old.
C) Inexperienced.
D) Jobless.
59. Why were many laid-off workers at a loss?
A) Because they didn't get used to the new way of life.
B) Because they are too old to find a new job.
C) Because they dislike being laid off.
D) Because they think they lost their social status.
60. Why didn't the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past?
A) Low salary.
B) Lower social status.
C) Dirty working condition.
D) Too much extra work.
61. In which ways is home service industry good for our society?
A) It meets the needs of modern life.
B) It provides work opportunities for the laid-off worker.
C) It is a new industry.
D) A and B.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
We all laugh. We all hurt. We all make mistakes. We all dream, that’s life. It's a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy!
62 positive through the cold season could be your best 63 against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that 64 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a 65 sunny disposition were less likely to 66 ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence 67 a "positive emotional style" can help 68 off the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness 69 immune function and subjective as in happy people being less 70 by a scratchy throat or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune _71 to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may 72 their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a 73 study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, 74 some questions remained as to 75 the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who 76 be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged 77 having a positive emotional style, 78 those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops 79 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the 80 reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected __81 data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
62. A) Living B) Staying C) Pulling D) Surviving
63. A) safeguard B) immunity C) caution D) defense
64. A) excluded B) expelled C) exposed D) exiled
65. A) generally B) commonly C) frequently D) genetically
66. A) feel B) fall C) fell D) fall
67. A) that B) which C) what D) why
68. A) keep B) warn C) ward D) avoid
69. A) boasting B) boosting C) receding D) reducing
70. A) suffered B) troubled C) disturbed D) hindered
71. A) function B) ability C) response D) reaction
72. A) thought B) related C) interpreted D) translated
73. A) formal B) former C) previous D) precious
74. A) and B) but C) so D) for
75. A) which B) whether C) where D) how
76. A) tended to B) inclined to C) apt to D) subject to
77. A) by B) with C) in D) as
78. A) while B) however C) what's more D) therefore
79. A) comprising B) consisting C) containing D) covering
80. A) patients B) adults C) volunteers D) researchers
81. A) objective B) subjective C) positive D) negative
Part Ⅵ Translation
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
82. _______________________(如果我是你的話), I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.
83. He hurried to the house ______ (結(jié)果房?jī)?nèi)空空如也).
答案與解析
Part I Writing
【話題分析】
大學(xué)生消費(fèi)是目前家長(zhǎng)及教育界比較關(guān)注的問題，它所反應(yīng)的不僅僅是花錢這一表面現(xiàn)象，而是隱藏在這一現(xiàn)象之后的大學(xué)生的價(jià)值觀、金錢觀等思想層面的問題。
【范文解析】
Nowadays the campus students seem to have no idea of how money comes from, and not to care about their expenditure. They buy whatever they like for themselves, also for their friends, paying no attention to how much these things cost.
Some people say that it is not a problem for college students to spend much. After all, the society is progressing and the life is being enriched. With the living standard being raised, it is reasonable to improve the expenditure of students. There is nothing to blame.
For me, it is not just a habit of spending more money; it is a reflection of students' outlook on money and value. The students get money from their parents so easily that they have no idea of earning money with their hard work and effort, thus developing an awareness that they want to get things but are unwilling to work hard for their goal. Definitely, that is harmful. The campus students can improve their lives, but with the money earned by themselves.
第一段講述了這一現(xiàn)象，大學(xué)生喜歡什么買什么，從不關(guān)注錢從何處來(lái)，也不關(guān)心自己的花銷。
第二段提出了一些人的看法，他們認(rèn)為社會(huì)進(jìn)步了，生活水平提高了，大學(xué)生多花一點(diǎn)也無(wú)可厚非。
第三段講述了作者自己的觀點(diǎn)看法。在作者看來(lái)，這并不僅僅是花錢習(xí)慣，更多地反映了學(xué)生的金錢觀、價(jià)值觀。學(xué)生從父母那里很容易就能要來(lái)錢，所以他們就不會(huì)想通過(guò)自己的努力來(lái)賺錢，漸漸就會(huì)培養(yǎng)這樣一種想法：希望不勞而獲。后作者強(qiáng)調(diào)，學(xué)生提高自己的生活水平并沒有什么不對(duì)，但要用自己賺來(lái)的錢。
【高分妙招】
議論文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在六級(jí)作文中，考生要注意合理表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，表明自己對(duì)問題的看法。在論述中，不要僅僅停留在表面層次，而要深究其內(nèi)在原因，才能給考官留下深刻的印象。
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
弗洛伊德關(guān)于“人類心理”的研究
(1)大部分人晚上經(jīng)常做夢(mèng)。早上醒來(lái)時(shí)，他們自言自語(yǔ)，“多奇怪的夢(mèng)啊!我怎么會(huì)做這樣的夢(mèng)”。有時(shí)候，夢(mèng)很恐怖;有時(shí)候，在夢(mèng)中愿望可以成真。還有時(shí)候，我們因奇怪的夢(mèng)而困擾，在夢(mèng)中世界似乎顛倒了，任何東西都沒有意義。
(2)夢(mèng)中我們所做的事情，在清醒時(shí)肯定不會(huì)做;我們所想所說(shuō)的，清醒時(shí)從不敢想、不敢說(shuō)。夢(mèng)為什么這么奇怪和陌生?夢(mèng)從何處來(lái)?
(3)【1】沒有人的答案比Sigmund Freud給出的更讓人滿意。他認(rèn)為，夢(mèng)源于人的心靈，人沒有辦法認(rèn)識(shí)或控制它。他把這個(gè)稱作“無(wú)意識(shí)心理”。
(4)【2】Sigmund Freud出生在一百多年前，他一生中大部分的時(shí)間生活在奧地利的維也納，但二戰(zhàn)后不久，在倫敦終老。Freud探索了一個(gè)新的世界——人類內(nèi)心世界。無(wú)意識(shí)心理就像一口深井，充滿了記憶和情感。從我們出生的那一刻起就儲(chǔ)存在那里。我們的“有意識(shí)心理”把它們給遺忘了。直到不愉快、不平凡的經(jīng)歷使我們?nèi)セ貞洠蜃鰤?mèng)的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到它們就在那里。突然之間，我們看到了童年時(shí)看到的東西，擁有了和童年時(shí)代一樣的感受。
(5)要想探究人們某種行為的原因，F(xiàn)reud的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要。我們內(nèi)心深處無(wú)意識(shí)的力量，和我們知道的意識(shí)的力量，至少要一樣強(qiáng)大。有時(shí)候，我們不知道為什么就做了某事。而不知道的原因可能就深埋在無(wú)意識(shí)心理當(dāng)中。
(6)Freud小時(shí)候，很關(guān)注他人經(jīng)歷的痛苦;因此長(zhǎng)大后他成為醫(yī)生毫并不奇怪。【3】他了解了人體的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，但是，他越來(lái)越關(guān)注的是人類心理。他前赴巴黎留學(xué)，師從法國(guó)醫(yī)生Charcot。那個(gè)時(shí)代似乎沒有人了解心理。如果一個(gè)人瘋了，或“發(fā)狂了”，基本上無(wú)法可治。人們不理解發(fā)生在他們身上的事情。他們是不是被惡魔或邪惡的靈魂附了體?是不是做錯(cuò)了事，上帝在懲罰他們?這樣的人往往被與普通人隔離開來(lái)，仿佛他們犯了大罪。
(7)很多地方直到今天仍然是這樣。醫(yī)生更喜歡研究他們能看到、能實(shí)驗(yàn)的人體部位。【4】打開一個(gè)人的頭顱，你可以看到他的腦子，但看不到他的想法、意見或夢(mèng)境。
(8)【4】在Freud那個(gè)時(shí)代，基本沒有醫(yī)生對(duì)這些話題感興趣。Freud想知道人的心理是如何活動(dòng)的。他從Chorcot那里學(xué)成后，1886年回到維也納，成為一名神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生。他結(jié)了婚，在家里治療越來(lái)越多的病人。大部分病人是女士。她們過(guò)于激動(dòng)或焦慮，心理方面而非身體上患有疾病，吃藥是不管用的。Freud很同情他們，卻愛莫能助。
(9)【5】有一天，F(xiàn)reud的朋友Josef Breuer醫(yī)生來(lái)看他，并和他講到了自己照顧的一個(gè)小姑娘。每次當(dāng)他允許小姑娘討論自己的事情時(shí)，她看起來(lái)就會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。她告訴Josef Breuer醫(yī)生映入腦海的所有事情。每談，她就能記起更多小時(shí)候的事。聽到此，F(xiàn)reud很激動(dòng)。他開始用同樣的方法治療自己的病人。他詢問病人孩提時(shí)代的事情，鼓勵(lì)病人講述自己的經(jīng)歷和人際關(guān)系。他自己說(shuō)的很少。在他傾聽時(shí)，病人經(jīng)常會(huì)重現(xiàn)過(guò)去的生活瞬間。他們會(huì)因憤怒害怕，或愛恨情仇而顫抖。他們仿佛把Freud當(dāng)成自己的父親、母親或情人。Freud從不試圖阻止他們，他安靜地接受病人所講的一切，不管是好事還是壞事。來(lái)看病的有一位年輕女士，她盡管很渴卻無(wú)法喝水。是某些原因阻止了她喝水的能力。Freud發(fā)現(xiàn)了其中的原因。一天，他們交流時(shí)，這位女士記起，她看到一只狗從護(hù)士的杯子里喝水，她并沒告訴這個(gè)她不喜歡的護(hù)士。后來(lái)她完全忘記了這個(gè)經(jīng)歷。突然，兒時(shí)的記憶重回腦海。當(dāng)她把整個(gè)故事——護(hù)士、狗、那杯水——講給Freud 聽時(shí)， 這位女士又可以喝水了。
(10)【6】Freud把這種治療方法叫做“談心療法”，后來(lái)稱作心理分析。當(dāng)病人暢所欲言讓他們困擾的事情時(shí)，他們通常會(huì)感覺好一些。
(11)【10】有時(shí)候，病人講的故事會(huì)讓Freud大吃一驚。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，小孩的感情和父母的感情沒有多少不一樣。一個(gè)小男孩可能很愛自己的母親，以至于想殺掉父親;同時(shí)他也愛自己的父親，并為自己的這個(gè)念頭感到羞愧。帶著如此復(fù)雜的感情生活是很困難的，所以這些情感都隱退到無(wú)意識(shí)的心理狀態(tài)，只在困擾的夢(mèng)境中才重現(xiàn)。很難相信，由于兒時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，人們可能會(huì)變瞎，或失去語(yǔ)言能力。
(12)Freud因自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)而受到各方的攻擊，但也找到了真正的朋友。【8】很多人相信，至少他找到了打開人類心理的一把鑰匙，來(lái)幫助痛苦中的人們。他找到了很多人生難題的答案。他舉世聞名，給他人傳授“談心療法”?！?】無(wú)法估計(jì)他對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和科學(xué)的影響也是無(wú)法估量的。作家、劇作家、畫家，在學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、監(jiān)獄工作的人們，都從這個(gè)偉人身上學(xué)到了一些東西，是他發(fā)現(xiàn)了進(jìn)入人們無(wú)意識(shí)心理的方法。現(xiàn)在，并不是所有Freud的觀點(diǎn)都被接受。但是，有些人跟隨他的方向，來(lái)幫助人們更好的了解自我?！?0】對(duì)于那些曾被叫做“瘋子”的人們來(lái)講，因?yàn)橛辛薋reud以及這些繼承者，如今便有了前所未有的希望。
1. 答案B
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第三段。段首講，關(guān)于解夢(mèng)，沒有人比Sigmund Freud給出的答案讓人更滿意。
2. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，考生可鎖定文章的第四段。第四段一開始就講到Sigmund Freud的生平。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾性，文中只說(shuō)到end his days(終老)，并沒有說(shuō)end his life(自殺)。
3. 答案A
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可關(guān)注文章的第六段。第六段中講：他了解人身體如何運(yùn)行，卻越來(lái)越關(guān)注人類心理。從中可以判斷，他對(duì)人類心理更感興趣。
4. 答案D
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第八段。段首講，那個(gè)年代，基本上沒有醫(yī)生對(duì)這個(gè)話題感興趣?？忌苫氐降谄叨?，確定“這個(gè)話題”指代的是“想法、意見和夢(mèng)境”。
5. 答案A
解析：根據(jù)題干中的人名Dr Josef Breuer ，考生可鎖定文章的第九段。 Josef Breuer醫(yī)生 給Freud講了自己一個(gè)病人的故事，這給Freud帶來(lái)了靈感。由此可以判斷，在Freud學(xué)說(shuō)中，Josef Breuer醫(yī)生 提供了一些幫助。
6. 答案D
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十段。此段主要講了什么是心理分析，也就是所謂的“談心療法”，即病人可以自由地討論自己遇到的困擾。
7. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十一段。段中的原話為，He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents，而選項(xiàng)C是其同義句。
8. 答案the human mind
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。很多人肯定，F(xiàn)reud找到了打開人類心理的一把鑰匙。
9. 答案literature and science
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。Freud在很多方面都帶來(lái)了深刻的影響，如現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，文學(xué)和科學(xué)等。
10. 答案crazy
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第十二段。此段的后一句話講到，那些人曾被叫做“crazy”。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.
M: May I ask where Anne's Clothing Store is located?
W: Of course. Just keep walking down for another 3 blocks and it'll be on your right between the post office and the courthouse.
Q: Where is this dialogue occurring?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于四個(gè)地點(diǎn)。男士問：Anne's Clothing Store在哪個(gè)地方?這是個(gè)服裝店的名字。女士回答：在你的右面，郵局和法院之間。從這些地名可以推斷，這個(gè)對(duì)話發(fā)生在市中心。
12.
M: I came as soon as you called. Is there a problem?
W: Yes, Mr. Chu. You must begin getting to the office on time, or we will no longer need your service here.
Q: What happened to Mr. Chu?
答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)是某個(gè)人的工作。男士說(shuō)：一打電話我就來(lái)了，有問題嗎?女士說(shuō)：你必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)辦公室，否則就不需要你了。這是個(gè)警告，警告男士從現(xiàn)在開始準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班。
13.
M: The violin sounds awful.
W: I know. I wish we could get a refund. This performance is the worst I've ever been to.
Q: Where are these people talking?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是所處的位置。男士說(shuō)：小提琴聽起來(lái)真糟糕。女士肯定男士的看法，并強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)，這是看過(guò)的糟糕的表演。由此可以判斷他們是在聽音樂會(huì)。
14.
W: If the traffic wasn't held up for so long, I would have been to class by ten o'clock.
M: It's too bad you didn't make it. The professor was looking for you all morning.
Q: What happened to the woman?
答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是發(fā)生在女孩子身上的事情。女士使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣：如果不是交通阻塞，十點(diǎn)前能到教室。男士也很遺憾，說(shuō)教授一直在找她。從中可以判斷，交通不好，是女孩子遲到的原因。
15.
W: I hate the way the trains run in this city. I've been waiting here for almost a half hour.
M: It's almost eight o'clock, so we should be on our way soon.
Q: When did the woman begin waiting for the train?
答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)表示時(shí)間?？忌貏e注意時(shí)間的表達(dá)。女士說(shuō)：我很討厭這個(gè)城市的火車路線，我在這里等了將近半個(gè)小時(shí)。男士說(shuō)：現(xiàn)在快八點(diǎn)了。因此，女士大概是從7:30開始等的。
16.
M: I sent the package over 10 days ago and it still hasn't arrived.
W: Maybe you should send the next one by air.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是郵遞的某種方式。男士說(shuō)：包裹已寄出去10天了，到現(xiàn)在還沒有到達(dá);女士建議他下用空郵。所以C為正確答案。
17.
M: I wish I could be the person driving that new Cadillac instead of Barbara.
W: Well, if you would budget your money more carefully, this wouldn't be a problem.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man?
答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)是女士對(duì)男士的看法。男士說(shuō)：我真希望自己開著Cadillac;女士使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣：如果你詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃開支，這不成問題。所以在女士看來(lái)，男士應(yīng)好好計(jì)劃如何花錢。
18.
M: I was so disappointed to hear that Jim lost his job. I know that his daughter was sick last month, so he was always late to work.
W: Oh, that wasn't it. Jim made a big error in this week's accounting. The boss was furious.
Q: Why was Jim fired?
答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是某位男士近做的事。男士說(shuō)：很遺憾Jim失業(yè)了。他女兒上個(gè)月病了，所以他經(jīng)常遲到。女士否定了這個(gè)原因，她說(shuō)：本周的賬目中他犯了大錯(cuò)，老板生氣了。所以Jim失業(yè)的原因，是他犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
Conversation One
M: Dr. Thomas? This is Keet Bradley from the Daily News. 【19】I'd like to ask you some questions about the new official standard weight that you purchased.
W: I'd be happy to help you. What would you like to know?
M: First of all, how is the standard weight used?
W: Well, 【20】the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. We are a government agency, the department of weights and measures. It's our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the scales.
M: How did you check the scales before?
W: We have an old standard weight that we used to use. 【21】It had to be replaced because it was imprecise. You see it was made of poor quality metal that was too porous. It absorbed too much moisture.
M: Oh. So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was dry it weighed less.
W: Exactly. And that variation can affect the standards of the whole country. So our department had the new weight made out of higher quality metal.
M: How much did it cost?
W: About 45,000 dollars.
M: 45,000 dollars? For one kilogram weight? That's more expensive than gold. 【22】Is it really worth that much?
W: 【22】I'm sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry, for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and package medicine.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the conversation mainly about?
19. 答案B
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推斷問題可能是對(duì)話主題。聽力對(duì)話一開始，男士開門見山，問及對(duì)方所買的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼(standard weight)。這是個(gè)稱重單位。
20. How was the weight used?
20. 答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)用to do表示目的。男士接著問，這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼怎么用?女士回答，可以用來(lái)檢查全國(guó)天平的準(zhǔn)確度。
21. Why was it necessary to replace the old standard weight?
21. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推測(cè)問題可能是更換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼的原因。女士詳細(xì)解釋更換原因：老的砝碼太不精確了，因?yàn)橹谱髟牧鲜橇淤|(zhì)金屬。
22. What does Dr. Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight?
22. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是對(duì)其價(jià)值的判斷。男士問：花這么多錢值得嗎?女士給予了肯定回答，然后舉例說(shuō)明，各個(gè)行業(yè)需要控制天平精確度，比如醫(yī)藥行業(yè)，需要非常精確的生產(chǎn)和包裝藥物。由此可以判斷，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼雖然貴，但具有重要功能，花錢買它還是合理的。
Conversation Two
W: Hello?
M: Hi, May, this is Bill Johns.
W: 【24】Oh hi, Bill. You weren't in engineering class today, were you?
M: 【24】I have the flu. I was wondering if you could tell me what went on.
W: 【23】Actually we had an interesting class. Dr. Collin talked about a new type of fuel.
M: Oh, yeah?
W: Uh-hum. It's called diethyl or DME.
M: Oh, I remember reading something about DME. It's mostly used in spray cans, right?
W: Right. DME doesn't destroy the ozone, so it's been environmentally friendly.
M: But doesn't DME pollute the air if it's burned in an engine?
W: Dr. Collin says something about its exhausts being clear, that it doesn't release as much pollutants as diesel fuel, and he mentioned something about DME being more efficient than other alternative fuels.
M: When will it replace diesel fuel?
W: Not for a while. It's not economical to mass produce.
M: Well, thanks for the information. I guess I won't need to borrow your notes.
W: 【25】Well, maybe you should look at them. We are having a test next week.
M: Okay, could you give them to Mike Andrews? I think he is in your psychology class. He is my roommate.
W: Sure. I hope you're feeling better soon.
M: Thanks. Me too. Bye!
W: Bye!
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What is the conversation mainly about?
23. 答案B
解析：從選項(xiàng)可以推斷，本題問題可能是對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容。對(duì)話一開始，女士就談到了主要話題，即一種名叫DME的新型燃料。選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，DME并不是柴油的一種。
24.Why is the woman giving the man the information?
24. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于男士的情況。聽力對(duì)話一開始，女士就問：你今天為什么沒有上課啊?男士回答說(shuō)自己得了感冒。從此可以判斷，女士給男士提供信息的原因是，男士因病缺課了。
25. Why does the woman suggest the man look at her notes?
25. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)表示目的。聽力對(duì)話后，女士建議男士看自己的筆記，因?yàn)橄轮軙?huì)有考試。所以C為正確答案。
Section B
Passage One
【29】To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good image in a limited time available, 【26】usually from 30 to 45 minutes. 【29】You must talk a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.
You should especially pay attention to some qualities during the interview.【27】First of all, you should take care to appear properly dressed. The right clothes worn at the right time can win the respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgment. It may not be true that clothes make the man, but the first and lasting impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear. Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking. Since speech is a reflection of personality, 【28】you should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or over powering. You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the position you're applying for. Finally, to be really impressive, you must convey a sense of self-confidence and an enthusiasm for work. If you display these characteristics with just a little luck, you'll certainly succeed in a typical personnel interview.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you've just heard.
26.How long does an interview usually last according to the speaker?
26. 答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)關(guān)于時(shí)間，考生要特別關(guān)注聽力篇章中對(duì)時(shí)間的描述。聽力第一段提到，你需要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，一般是30到45分鐘之內(nèi)，留下一個(gè)好印象。所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
27. How can one give an interviewer good first impression?
27. 答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)討論在面試中該如何做。聽力中談到面試過(guò)程中的具體做法，第一個(gè)需要注意的就是恰當(dāng)?shù)拇┲?。而A、B、D是干擾項(xiàng)。
28. How can you reflect your personality in the speech?
28. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)討論在面試中該如何說(shuō)話。聽力中提到，聲音要清晰，音量能讓人聽見即可，不要給人自以為是(aggressive)的感覺。所以選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
29. What is the main idea of the talk you've just heard?
29. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于面試求職的總結(jié)概括。聽力從衣著、談吐、表現(xiàn)等方面討論在面試中該如何給面試官留下深刻印象，這是本篇聽力的主要內(nèi)容。所以選D。
Passage Two
I'm having problems living with Colin. We've barely spoken to each other in a month, and when we do, it's to fight. It started when we first moved in. I had a lot of things, and Colin wasn't thrilled. He's not easy to please, you know. I put all my stuff in the closet in the kitchen. This made him really upset because he wanted to put his surfing gear there. What's more, I like a neat, orderly apartment, but Colin is so carefree. His part of the apartment is always a mess. That's ok if he's just messy in his room, 【30】but we also share living space, such as the kitchen, living room, bath etc. I have tried talking to him about this, 【31】but then he starts yelling at me about how my friends are always coming over when he has a lot of work to do. I don't know what to do. 【30】The head resident promised to talk to Colin. I will see how it goes. 【32】If I still have a problem at the end of the week, I will ask for a room to change.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Who is Colin?
30. 答案B
解析：選項(xiàng)是某人的身份。聽力篇章主要是說(shuō)話者和Colin的生活瑣事，他們共享的空間等。聽力后講，房東會(huì)和Colin商量一下。由此可以肯定Colin是其舍友。
31. Why does Colin get angry with the narrator?
31.答案C
解析：選項(xiàng)是對(duì)某個(gè)人的描述?？忌⒁鈫栴}的he指代說(shuō)話人還是Colin。問題是：Colin為什么對(duì)作者生氣?聽力篇章后說(shuō)，當(dāng)作者把客人帶回家時(shí)，Colin就會(huì)生氣大叫。所以C為正確答案。
32. What will the narrator probably do?
32. 答案C
解析：從選項(xiàng)可以推測(cè)，問題可能是作者要如何做。聽力篇章后講，如果到周末仍然有問題，就要求換房間。由此可以判斷，作者要先等到周末。
Passage Three
Centuries ago, during the Middle Ages, most of the land in Europe was owned by many different kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies. They did not all get along. They were always fighting. They all wanted to get more land. 【33】To protect themselves, they started building huge homes out of stone. They called their homes castles.
【35】A castle was built behind a strong stonewall. The wall was five or six feet thick and ten to twenty feet high. A deep ditch called a moat was dug around the outside of the wall. It was often filled with water, and the only way anyone could enter the castle was to cross a drawbridge. The drawbridge could be raised or lowered over the moat from inside the castle walls. There was also a tunnel that began in the castle and ended at the moat. This was important in case the castle was captured. It allowed the king and queen to escape. They could swim across the moat and hide in the forest.
【35】Living in a castle was not very comfortable. The rooms were cold and damp. Every room could have a fire burning in a great fireplace, but until the twelfth century castles did not have chimneys. The smoke from their fireplaces had to go out through open doors, and windows.
【34】Meals often had ten or twelve courses. The meat might be wild bears or birds that were boiled or roasted over an open fire. All the food was highly seasoned. People even put pepper in their drinks!
【34】The people sat at a long table and ate with their fingers and a knife, all picking their food from the same big dish. They had no napkins. Therefore, they often wiped their hands on pieces of bread. When their fingers were clean, they threw the bread to their hunting dogs.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Which of the following statements is NOT true about castles?
33.答案A
解析：選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)陳述句。聽力篇章第一段就講到建造城堡的原因。他們希望有更多的土地，為了保護(hù)自己，就建造了城堡。所以選項(xiàng)A中講到的原因和聽力原文不符。
34. What can be inferred from the people's eating habit in a castle?
34. 答案D
解析：選項(xiàng)描述了他們的生活方式。聽力篇章后一部分講述了他們的飲食，一頓10到12個(gè)菜，在篝火上烤野味，加很多調(diào)味品。他們用手指和刀子吃飯，沒有餐巾紙，直接在面包上擦手。從中可以判斷，生活比較奢華卻并不太文明。
35. What is the main topic of this passage?
35. 答案C
解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，考生可推測(cè)問題可能是文章的大意。聽力篇章一開始，作者講到建造城堡的原因，接下來(lái)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了城堡的結(jié)構(gòu)，然后討論了城堡內(nèi)的生活。因而可以判斷文章的大意是城堡的結(jié)構(gòu)和里面的生活。
Section C
36. 答案fashionable
解析：此空是個(gè)常用的形容詞，fashionable來(lái)自于名詞fashion，意為“流行的”。
37. 答案complained
解析：complain意為“抱怨”，根據(jù)后面賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，考生要注意此處用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
38.答案obedience
解析：此處需要名詞，obedience來(lái)自于動(dòng)詞obey，意為“順從”。
39.答案Actually
解析：此空是個(gè)常用副詞，actually意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。考生需要注意，此處是句首，actually的首字母要大寫。
40.答案critics
解析：critic意為“評(píng)論家”，前面有many，所以此處要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
41.答案opportunity
解析：此空是個(gè)常用名詞，opportunity意為“機(jī)會(huì)”。
42.答案traditional
解析：此詞來(lái)自于名詞tradition，此處需要形容詞修飾后面的society。
43.答案approve
解析：approve of是個(gè)常用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“贊同，許可”。
44.答案people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents
解析：聯(lián)系上文，可以判斷這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句共用同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列：trave，move，marry or live，choose。此句中，考生需要注意people后面是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)occupation上文曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)，不應(yīng)該成為聽力難點(diǎn)。
45.答案the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them
解析：前文講到父母對(duì)孩子的期望，這些期望也是父母和孩子之間出現(xiàn)代溝的原因。此句需要注意的詞匯：ambition，division。
46.答案elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight
解析：前文講到變化的速度也是出現(xiàn)代溝的原因，后面具體說(shuō)明傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的情況，當(dāng)代社會(huì)的情況：傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)中，老人由于他們多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)智慧而被看重;而當(dāng)代，一生的知識(shí)一夜之間有可能過(guò)時(shí)。此處需要注意的詞匯：valued，wisdom，obsolete。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
原文精譯
9.11事件之后，在世貿(mào)中心工作的許多工人都生病了。在雙子塔以及倒塌的第三幢樓的廢墟中，【47】他們呼吸著塵、煙、化學(xué)物質(zhì)的混合體。有些人沒有好好保護(hù)他們的肺，撒手而去。五年后，當(dāng)時(shí)恐怖襲擊后不久在“爆心投影點(diǎn)”(位于華盛頓)工作的成千上萬(wàn)的員工中，很多人的健康都仍有問題。
紐約市Mount Sinai醫(yī)療中心的醫(yī)生宣布了對(duì)這些工人的研究結(jié)果?！?8】這項(xiàng)研究確認(rèn)，商貿(mào)中心成員、消防隊(duì)員、警察和其他工人中，呼吸出現(xiàn)問題的比率很高。研究中大概70%的工人有了新的呼吸問題，或原有的呼吸問題加重。他們?cè)谌缟桨愕臍埡≈泄ぷ?，期間或隨后出現(xiàn)了這些問題。在調(diào)查研究期間，大概60%的人依然有呼吸問題?！?9】研究人員說(shuō)，其他的紊亂可能出現(xiàn)得比較晚，他們決定先研究對(duì)呼吸的影響。Mount Sinai說(shuō)，2002和2004期間，測(cè)試了將近12，000人，其中80%的人同意把結(jié)果寫在報(bào)告里。新的結(jié)果支持2004年Mount Sinai發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果，而那時(shí)的研究只測(cè)試了1，000人。
【50】市以及州政府官員讓工人在沒有令人滿意的設(shè)備的“爆心投影點(diǎn)”工作，一些立法者尖銳地批評(píng)了這一點(diǎn);政府官員聲稱空氣相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)安全，這也受到了批判?！?1】州及聯(lián)邦政府許諾，5億多美元將用來(lái)支付工人的治療費(fèi)用。Robin Herbert醫(yī)生是Mount Sinai測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人之一，她說(shuō)，因“爆心投影點(diǎn)”的煙塵所引起的問題，還有很多人來(lái)醫(yī)院治療，“我擔(dān)心一年之后錢花完了，怎么辦?”
47.答案A harmful mix of dust，smoke and chemicals in the ruins.
解析：根據(jù)問題可將答案定位在文章的第一段。工人呼吸了某一種混合物，才導(dǎo)致健康問題?？忌⒁馐鬃帜敢髮憽?BR> 48.答案The building trades，firefighters，police officers and other workers.
解析：根據(jù)問題，考生可將答案定位在文章的第二段。研究表明，在商貿(mào)中心成員、消防隊(duì)員、警察和其他工人中，呼吸出現(xiàn)問題的比率很高?？忌⒁馐鬃帜敢髮?。
49.答案other disorders
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第二段。在填寫過(guò)程中，不可忘記名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
50.答案City and state officials
解析：根據(jù)題干，考生可將答案定位在文章的第三段。需要特別注意的是，空白處是主語(yǔ)，所以首字母要大寫。
51.答案To pay more than fifty million dollars for treatment of the workers.
解析：根據(jù)問題，考生可鎖定文章的第三段?？忌獙?duì)原句做細(xì)微的調(diào)整，用to do不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示措施。
Section B
Passage One
原文精譯
【52】表演界人數(shù)眾多，因此，給想登上舞臺(tái)的年輕人的忠告是：別走這條路!但對(duì)那些感覺自己必須表演的人，哪怕成名的機(jī)會(huì)很渺茫，勸說(shuō)也是沒有用的。一般來(lái)講，踏上表演這條路的第一步是去戲劇學(xué)校。通常這些學(xué)校只接收有前途、有天賦的學(xué)生，課程一般持續(xù)兩年。【53】年輕演員一般在輪演劇團(tuán)工作，職位一般為舞臺(tái)總監(jiān)助理。這意味著，他要做劇院里所有的工作：刷背景，照看家具，管理戲服，甚至出演小角色。這實(shí)際上是非常辛苦的，工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，工資又低?！?4】但是，天生愛表演的年輕演員卻非常高興，他們期待著能和更好的公司合作，或者拍電影，或者演電視劇。
當(dāng)然，有些人運(yùn)氣超好，沒有經(jīng)過(guò)這個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)枯燥的過(guò)程便成名了。比如Connie Pratt，她起初只是個(gè)在自行車廠工作的普通女孩。一天早晨她在公交站等車，一個(gè)電影制片人的豪華轎車恰巧路過(guò)，制片人看到了她，便讓司機(jī)停車，他前去和這個(gè)女孩交談，問她是否愿意到電影制片廠試鏡。剛開始，女孩以為他在開玩笑。隨后她生氣了，并說(shuō)要報(bào)警。制片人花了20分鐘告訴Connie他是嚴(yán)肅的，然后約定讓她第二天到制片廠去。試鏡很成功。隨后她接受了一些必要的訓(xùn)練。幾周后，【55】她便擔(dān)當(dāng)了主角。和當(dāng)時(shí)的知名演員演對(duì)手戲。當(dāng)然，她也有了現(xiàn)在聞名世界的藝名。【56】但這樣的機(jī)會(huì)千載難逢!
52.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。段首講，表演界人數(shù)眾多，所以不鼓勵(lì)年輕人從事表演事業(yè)。從此判斷D為正確選項(xiàng)。
53.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的an assistant stage manager，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。原文中講，年輕演員一般在輪演劇團(tuán)工作，職位一般為舞臺(tái)總監(jiān)助理。這意味著，要做劇院里所有的工作。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，這只是其中一個(gè)因素而已。
54.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的同義辨析題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第一段。段末講，天生愛表演的年輕演員非常高興。這表明他們生來(lái)喜歡舞臺(tái)。
55.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段后半部分講，女孩隨后接受了一些必要的訓(xùn)練，幾周后便擔(dān)當(dāng)了主角，和當(dāng)時(shí)的知名演員演對(duì)手戲，然后便世界聞名了。因此D正確。選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，文中說(shuō)女孩接受了一些訓(xùn)練，但沒有提到接受的訓(xùn)練是“the art of speaking”。
56.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第二段，段末出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。第二段講述了一個(gè)非常罕見的例子，所以作者在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)這種機(jī)會(huì)并不常見。選項(xiàng)A意為“同時(shí)，突然”;選項(xiàng)C意為“偶爾，有時(shí)”;選項(xiàng)D意為“徹底地”。
Passage Two
原文精譯
【57】無(wú)論是作為一項(xiàng)工作還是一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，北京的家政服務(wù)業(yè)都將變得更具吸引力。
來(lái)自北京人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議的消息稱，城市下崗工人抵制家政服務(wù)工作的觀念正在消失。會(huì)議建議加強(qiáng)市政中心的作用，由它們來(lái)監(jiān)督物業(yè)管理，負(fù)責(zé)家具維修和安裝以及家務(wù)服務(wù)?，F(xiàn)代城市生活催生了產(chǎn)業(yè)化的家政服務(wù)業(yè)。大會(huì)社會(huì)公平委員會(huì)的副會(huì)長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為，【61】這將為那些失業(yè)工人創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)。
北京市民早就期望能有家政服務(wù)業(yè)，這種需求有望帶動(dòng)新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)?！?1】目前，消費(fèi)者一直抱怨北京缺乏高質(zhì)量的家政服務(wù)。
過(guò)去，很少有下崗工人愿意做家政服務(wù)方面的工作，這樣的工作大部分由來(lái)自農(nóng)村的年輕婦女來(lái)做。同時(shí)，一些城市居民對(duì)農(nóng)村女孩不太放心，總感覺由她們來(lái)使用現(xiàn)代化的家庭電器或者照顧孩子不安全。很多人更愿意多付錢找一個(gè)對(duì)城市生活熟悉的、可靠的家政服務(wù)人員，【58】但是在這個(gè)有數(shù)以千計(jì)的下崗工人的城市，他們卻找不到一個(gè)想要的人。
【58】本年六月底，市失業(yè)人口已達(dá)30600人，其中大部分是四十多歲的婦女。他們沒有特別的技能，卻有計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的工作道德。【60】當(dāng)他們第意識(shí)到自己失業(yè)了，告別了已過(guò)了幾十年的生活方式的時(shí)候，他們感到很茫然。
他們從來(lái)沒想到會(huì)從國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗，也從未考慮過(guò)其他的職業(yè)?！?9】對(duì)他們來(lái)講，私企意味著冒險(xiǎn);家政服務(wù)暗示較低的社會(huì)地位?，F(xiàn)年四十四歲的高云芳是第一個(gè)吃螃蟹的人，她早晨賣《北京早報(bào)》;下午在兩家做家務(wù)，每月可以掙到1000元。這樣她不必再擔(dān)心正在上海上大學(xué)的女兒的學(xué)費(fèi)問題了。
57.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)主旨題。本篇文章一開始，就提及文章主題，那就是家政服務(wù)。
58.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)同義轉(zhuǎn)換題?？忌赡軐?duì)此詞非常熟悉，laid-off和jobless同義，意為“失業(yè)”。如果不熟悉，可鎖定文章的第四段和第五段，第四段段末用到laid-off，而第五段段首用jobless，由此可以判斷兩詞是同義詞。
59.答案A
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第五段。下崗職工感到茫然的原因是，他們第意識(shí)到要和原來(lái)的生活方式分開，過(guò)一種全新的生活。
60.答案B
解析：本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，考生可鎖定文章的第六段。他們從未考慮過(guò)其他職業(yè)，家政服務(wù)暗示較低的社會(huì)地位。由此判斷B為正確選項(xiàng)。
61.答案D
解析：本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的主旨題。文章的第二段和第三段講到了家政業(yè)給中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的好處，一是提供了很多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì);二是滿足了現(xiàn)代城市生活的需求。
Part V Cloze
原文精譯
我們會(huì)大笑，我們會(huì)傷心，我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，我們會(huì)做夢(mèng)，這就是生活。它是個(gè)旅程。請(qǐng)遵循如下原則，把人生的旅程變成一個(gè)快樂的旅程吧!
新的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在寒冷的季節(jié)，保持積極的心態(tài)是抵抗疾病的好方法。
在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)里，身體健康的志愿者被置于感冒或流感病毒中。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，性情陽(yáng)光的人得病的可能性較小。這些結(jié)果發(fā)表在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》期刊上，并為以下觀點(diǎn)提供了新證據(jù)：“積極向上的情感類型”可以幫助抵抗感冒和其他疾病。
研究人員相信，這既有客觀方面的原因，因?yàn)榭鞓犯锌梢蕴岣呙庖吖δ?也有主觀方面的原因，因?yàn)榭鞓返娜撕苌偈芎韲瞪硢』蛄鞅翘榈睦_。匹茲堡卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)的Sheldon Cohen博士是這項(xiàng)研究的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物，他解釋說(shuō)，“擁有積極向上情感類型的人，對(duì)病毒的免疫反應(yīng)不一樣。感冒時(shí)，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為自己的病并沒有那么嚴(yán)重?！?BR> Cohen和同事在先前的一個(gè)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，人越感覺快樂，得感冒的可能性就越小。但仍存在某些疑問，如情感特點(diǎn)本身是否起作用。
新的研究中，研究人員共研究了193個(gè)身體健康的成年人，他們擁有健全的人格，健康和情感類型均自我感覺良好。那些總感覺快樂、精力充沛和隨和的人被認(rèn)為擁有積極向上的情感類型，而那些經(jīng)常不快、緊張、充滿惡意的人擁有消極的情感類型。研究人員給他們使用含有感冒病毒或特殊流感病毒的滴鼻液。隨后六天，志愿者上報(bào)他們出現(xiàn)的任何癥狀，如酸痛、打噴嚏、充血等，研究人員收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)，如每天的粘液排量。通過(guò)對(duì)鼻子不適狀況的客觀檢測(cè)，Cohen和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂的人得感冒的可能性相對(duì)較小。
62.答案B
解析：此處stay做系動(dòng)詞，后面加一個(gè)名詞，表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”。
63.答案D
解析：常和介詞against連用的名詞為選項(xiàng)A中的safeguard和選項(xiàng)D中defense。safeguard意為“保衛(wèi)者，保護(hù)措施”，defense意為“防衛(wèi)”。
64.答案C
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。和介詞to連用的動(dòng)詞是expose，意為“使……置身于”。而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞和介詞from連用。
65.答案A
解析：此空考查副詞。 選項(xiàng)A中的generally意為“一般來(lái)講”;選項(xiàng)B中commonly意為“通常地，普通地”;選項(xiàng)C中的frequently意為“經(jīng)?！?選項(xiàng)D中的genetically意為“遺傳方面地”。
66.答案B
解析：此空考查固定搭配，生病的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“fall ill”。
67.答案A
解析：考生要注意，evidence后面的從句是個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，所以用連詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
68.答案C
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有ward可以和off連用，ward off意為“防止，避開”。
69.答案B
解析：考生要注意上下文的聯(lián)系。上文講，“積極向上的情感類型”可以幫助抵抗感冒和其他疾病。所以說(shuō)，快樂感是可以提高免疫功能的。因此，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
70.答案B
解析：后面作者列舉了兩種情況，a scratchy throat，a runny nose，快樂的人不太會(huì)受到這兩種情況的困擾。而選項(xiàng)A是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，suffer一般不用于被動(dòng)態(tài)。
71.答案C
解析：此句意為：擁有積極向上情感類型的人們對(duì)病毒有不同的免疫反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)D是個(gè)干擾性，reaction強(qiáng)調(diào)“反作用力，化學(xué)反應(yīng)”。
72.答案C
解析：能和后面的as連用的動(dòng)詞有選項(xiàng)A、C、D。選項(xiàng)A中需要用think of ... as;選項(xiàng)D中translate ... as意為“把……翻譯為”。而選項(xiàng)C中的interpret意為“解釋說(shuō)明”，符合題意。
73.答案C
解析：根據(jù)后面從句使用的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，可以判斷這是個(gè)過(guò)去的研究。選項(xiàng)C中的previous意為“上一個(gè)”。選項(xiàng)B是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，former指兩者中的前者。
74.答案B
解析：考生要注意兩句之間的關(guān)系。前一句講，這個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)快樂的人不容易得感冒，后一句講，仍存在某些疑問。可以判斷，兩句之間是對(duì)比的關(guān)系，選擇連詞but。
75.答案B
解析：此處是個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句用作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)情感特點(diǎn)是否起作用，選擇連詞whether。
76.答案A
解析：此空考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A中的tend to意為“傾向于，易于”;選項(xiàng)B中的incline to強(qiáng)調(diào)“贊同，支持” 的含義;選項(xiàng)C中的apt to意為“有可能”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生的可能性;選項(xiàng)D中的subject to意為“屈服于，讓步于，易受…….的影響”。因此只有A符合題意。
77.答案D
解析：judge ... as意為“判斷……為”，此處使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
78.答案A
解析：此題要結(jié)合上下兩句話的含義。前一句講到積極向上的人，后一句講到消極的人，所以兩者之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，選擇連詞while。
79.答案C
解析：后面的兩種物質(zhì)包含在前面的滴鼻劑中。選項(xiàng)A和B強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)整體是由哪些部分組成;選項(xiàng)D中的cover強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的覆蓋。
80.答案C
解析：此空比較簡(jiǎn)單，文章的第三段中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)，這里指的是實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象。
81.答案A
解析：考生要注意，while連接前后兩個(gè)句子，前面的句子強(qiáng)調(diào)志愿者的主觀感受，如疼痛等;后面的句子強(qiáng)調(diào)研究人員收集的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，具有客觀性。
Part VI Translation
82.答案If I were in your shoes/If I were you
解析：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。前半句使用過(guò)去式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而后半句使用would have done的形式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反?？忌⒁猓摂M語(yǔ)氣中be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were，不管主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱。
83.答案only to find that it was empty
解析：此句考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，英語(yǔ)中使用only to do的形式。
84. 答案the least of which the lack of water is not
解析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的使用。缺水并不是的問題，可翻譯為the lack of water is not the least of all these problems，這里是一個(gè)非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面的problems。
85. 答案on having enough money to enjoy themselves outside
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：put emphasis on(強(qiáng)調(diào)，重視);“痛快享樂”的表達(dá)為enjoy oneself。
86. 答案prefer to play the computers rather than consult the reference books in the library
解析：本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)：“寧愿……也不愿意”可翻譯為prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。
84. Living in the desert has many problems, _______________________(缺水并不是的問題).
85. Both boys and girls put much emphasis _______________________(有足夠的錢以便到外面去痛快享受).
86. The students now _______________________(寧愿單獨(dú)一個(gè)人玩電腦，也不愿意到圖書館去查閱資料).