2010年12月英語四級全真預(yù)測試題及答案
Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 代溝的表現(xiàn)。
2. 代溝出現(xiàn)的家庭原因。
3. 代溝出現(xiàn)的社會原因。
Generation Gap
Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Animals on the Move
It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.
Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.
Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
Source of Energy
What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.
This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.
Dolphin Has Speed Record
Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.
In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.
The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.
Other Animals Less Efficient
Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.
Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?
1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except .
A )to find food
B) to avoid being chased by its enemies
C) to find a new place to live
D) to show its braveness
2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that .
A)humans are the most clever living creatures in the world
B)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment
C)humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools
D)humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances
3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?
A)The skin. B)The tail. C)The muscle. D)The jaw.
4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?
A)When moving its tail rapidly.
B)When finding its preys.
C)When staying without any movement.
D)When bending its body in swimming.
5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?
A)Because it is also full of blood pressure.
B)Because it is also filled of air pressure.
C)Because it is also inflated by pressure.
D)Because it also can be used again and again.
6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .
A)slowly through the waterB)rapidly through the water
C)against the currentD)at the fastest speed in water
7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it.
A)one twelfth times.B)the same.
C)12 times.D)1.2 times.
8.A shark finds its prey by .
9.According to the passage, can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched .
10.When the shark detects an important food source, take place .
Part ⅢListening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11. A)In an office. B)On a farm.
C)In a clinic. D)In a restaurant.
12. A)When he was sixteen. B)When he was twentyone.
C)When he was thirteen. D)When he was eighteen.
13. A)Thursday 9 am.—5 pm. B)Saturday 9 am.—5 pm.
C)Sunday 2 am.—5 pm. D)Monday 2 am.—5 pm.
14. A)She shopped. B)She sewed.
C)She repaired her car. D)She bought some tobacco.
15. A)Help the woman. B)Go home at five o’clock.
C)Type some letters. D)Work together with Mr. Smith.
16. A)The first speaker. B)Merry.
C)Linda. D)The second speaker.
17. A)He needs to sleep for three or four hours.
B)He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.
C)He will need more than one cup of coffee.
D)He has been wide awake for time.
18. A)On the 2nd floor. B)On the 3rd floor.
C)On the 9th floor. D)On the 4th floor.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A)Go to summer school. B)Take a vacation.
C)Stay at home. D)Earn some money.
20. A)They hired someone to stay in their home.
B)They left their pets with neighbors.
C)They rented their house to a student.
D)They asked their gardener to watch their home.
21. A)Walking the dog. B)Cutting the grass.
C)Watching the children. D)Feeding the fish.
22. A)They attend a house-sitter’s party.
B)They check a house-sitter’s references.
C)They interview a house-sitter’s friends.
D)They look at a house-sitter’s transcripts.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A)University education.
B)Planning for post-graduate studies.
C)Job hunting.
D)Advertising jobs.
24. A)About one half. B)About one third.
C)About one fourth. D)About one fifth.
25. A)Work. B)Do further study.
C)Travel. D)Take time off.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A)The care and proper selection of dogs for family pets.
B)Different breeds of dogs.
C)Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.
D)Different kinds of books about dogs.
27. A)Children.
B)Family.
C)Parents.
D)ASPCA.
28. A)When you have small children.
B)When you live in an apartment.
C)When space is limited.
D)When you live in the city.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A)Three minutes. B)Two minutes.
C)One minute. D)Five minutes.
30. A)To win a competition.
B)To break a record.
C)To deliver the news of victory.
D)To win the first prize.
31. A)Because he is over the fellow runners.
B)Because he is over former runners.
C)Because he is over his own body.
D)Because he wins the prize.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A)It is the smallest one of all the stars.
B)It is the nearest one to the earth.
C)It is the biggest one of all the stars.
D)It is the farthest one from the earth.
33. A)The moon. B)Other planets.
C)Both A and B. D)Neither A nor B.
34. A)Do much research in many fields of science.
B)Understand people in other countries better.
C)Both A and B.
D)Neither A nor B.
35. A)The earth is a planet.
B)Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look.
C)Satellites are all made by men.
D)Men can conquer other planets.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Holiday shopping is an exciting and (36) thing to do for many people. They love the crowds, the time spent picking out that (37) gift for a loved one.
Then there are those of us who hate crowds. Robb Empson used to be one of those (38) holiday gift buyers. Not anymore. The 50-year-old man checked off his (39) gift list two weeks ago—shopping online. Knowing he doesn’t have to visit (40) during the crowded holiday season is a “wonderful feeling,” said Empson, who has been full of (41) online shopping for several years. This year, he spent about 700 dollars on a (42) holiday gifts from Amazon. com. (43) , Internet holiday sales grew 28 percent last year and 54 percent in 2000.
(44) .
Many are turning to online shopping as an alternative. The idea of shopping in your soft loose clothes you wear at home is pretty cool to those who hate shopping. The perfect gift is out there; one needs merely to surf the Web.
(45) .
With the click of a mouse, consumers can send flowers and gifts to distant relatives. Shopping online can be safe and convenient. Consumers need only to know the rules and to take steps to protect themselves. (46)
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.
A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer
F)create G)required H)ofI)emerge J)make
K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)that
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.
There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .
A)informs job hunters of the opportunities available
B)promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment
C)divides available jobs into various types
D)informs employers of the people available for work
58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .
A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people
B)there are so many toplevel jobs available
C)there are so many people out of work
D)the job history is considered to be a work of art
59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .
A)write an initial letter giving their life history
B)pass some exams before applying for a job
C)have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
D)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .
A)something that would distinguish one from other applicants
B)hinted information about the personality of the applicant
C)one’s advantages over others in applying for the job
D)an occasional trick with the aggressive approach
61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .
A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
B)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
C)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
D)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rentcontrolled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, lowpaying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .
A)cause a shortage of apartments
B)worry those who rent apartments as homes
C)increase the profits of landlords
D)encourage landlords to invest in building apartments
63. According to the critics, rent control .
A)will always benefit those who rent apartments
B)is unnecessary
C)will bring negative effects in the long run
D)is necessary under all circumstances
64. The problem of unemployment will arise .
A)if the minimum wage is set too highB)if the minimum wage is set too low
C)if the workers are unskilledD)if the maximum wage is set
65. The passage tells us .
A)the relationship between supply and demand
B)the possible results of government controls
C)the necessity of government control
D)the urgency of getting rid of government controls
66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.
B)Minimum wage can not always protect employees.
C)Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.
D)Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.
Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a neverending flood of words. In 67 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69 readers. Most of usdevelop poor reading 70 at an early age, andnever get over them. The main deficiency 71 in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have 72 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 73, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74 words or passages. Regression, thetendency to look back over 75 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 77 reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80 word-by-word reading,regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 your comprehension will improve.Many people have found 83 reading skilldrastically improved after some training. 84 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 more reading material in a short period of time.
67. A)applying B)doing
C)offering D)getting
68. A)quickly B)easily
C)roughly D)decidedly
69. A)good B)curious
C)poor D)urgent
70. A)training B)habits
C)situations D)custom
71. A)lies B)combines
C)touches D)involves
72. A)some B)a lot
C)little D)dull
73. A)Fortunately B)In fact
C)Logically D)Unfortunately
74. A)reuse B)reread
C)rewrite D)recite
75. A)what B)which
C)that D)if
76. A)scales B)cuts
C)slows D)measures
77. A)some one B)one
C)he D)reader
78. A)accelerator B)actor
C)amplifier D)observer
79. A)then B)as
C)beyond D)than
80. A)enabling B)leading
C)making D)indicating
81. A)meaning B)comprehension
C)gist D)regression
82. A)but B)nor
C)or D)for
83. A)our B)your
C)their D)such a
84. A)Look at B)Take
C)Make D)Consider
85. A)for B)in
C)after D)before
86. A)master B)go over
C)present D)get through
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. But for his help, I (我不可能這么早完成).
88. I don’t mind your (延期做出) the decision as long as it is not too late.
89. Over a third of the population was estimated (無法獲得) to the health service.
90. It is no good waiting for the bus, (我們不妨走回家吧).
91. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, (盡情地唱歌跳舞).
2010年12月英語四級預(yù)測題答案與解析
Part ⅠWriting
【寫作思路】
本文是一篇關(guān)于代溝的議論文。從代溝的現(xiàn)象開始討論，接著提出代溝產(chǎn)生的家庭原因以及社會原因。
【參考范文】
Generation Gap
Generation gap seems a hot topic between the old and the young. Parents complain that children don’t show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents dont understand them at all. Often they discover that they have very little in common.
One cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life. In traditional societies, children lived in the same area as their parents, married people their parents knew and approved of, and often continued the family occupation.
In our society, people often move out of the home at an early age, marry or live with people their parents have never met, and choose occupations that are rather different. Parents often expect their children to be better than them. However, these ambitions for their children are another cause of the division between them.
Finally, the speed of change in our society is another cause of it. In the traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date.
No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
動物的運動
除了缺少劇情音樂之外，這看上去就像《大白鯊》影片中的一個場景：一條巨大的鯊魚在水中慢慢地游著，尾巴就像鐘擺一樣來回地擺動。
突然，它敏感的皮膚神經(jīng)末梢感受到了獵物游動時發(fā)出的震動。瞬間，它就變成一臺高效致命的死亡機器。它繃緊肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一條通道。眨眼之間，它便用強有力的嘴巴咬住了它的獵物，一條大魚。隨后，它來回扭動著頭，從獵物的身上撕下大塊大塊的肉，把它們吞了下去。很快地，獵食活動就結(jié)束了。
為了生存而移動
鯊魚追逐獵物的過程以一種夸張的方式證明了移動(或者運動)對于動物的重要作用。
像鯊魚一樣，大部分的動物通過移動來發(fā)現(xiàn)食物。他們還利用移動來逃避敵人、尋找配偶、開拓新的地盤。移動的方法包括：爬行、跳躍、滑行、飛行、飄浮或者漫步。
借助各種有助移動的發(fā)明，人類加強了其移動優(yōu)勢，可以在任何環(huán)境下移動。汽車、火箭、潛艇能把人類從深海運輸?shù)竭b遠的月亮。然而，對于其他的動物而言，移動來源于數(shù)百萬年的進化。鯊魚是其中成功的例子。它能夠以接近零的時間快速地捕獲獵物，這給科學(xué)家們留下了深刻的印象。但是，經(jīng)過仔細地研究，美國杜克大學(xué)的海洋生物學(xué)家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯊魚是如何做到這一點的。在研究中，科學(xué)家們對位于佛羅里達州圣奧古斯丁海上樂園泳池中游泳的鯊魚進行了觀察。他們拍攝了鯊魚的運動情況，對它們進行了分析，同時也對鯊魚的皮膚和肌肉進行了研究。
皮膚是關(guān)鍵
生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚的皮膚是它們在水中高效游動的關(guān)鍵。鯊魚的皮膚中含有許多纖維，像子午線輪胎的內(nèi)部一樣交錯在一起。這些纖維被稱為膠原纖維。隨著它們的放松或拉緊，這些纖維可以儲存或釋放大量的能量。當拉伸纖維時，纖維中蓄滿了能量，就像繃緊的弓弦一樣。能量被釋放后，纖維就松弛了。
杜克大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大拉伸發(fā)生在鯊魚彎曲身體游動的時候。當身體前后移動時，彎曲處外側(cè)的纖維受到強烈的拉伸，大量的潛能被儲存在纖維中。當鯊魚朝另一個方向迅速掉頭時，這種能量就被釋放出來了。
隨著能量在鯊魚身體兩側(cè)交替地儲存和釋放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一樣強烈地來回擺動。這種像皮鞭一樣的動作促使鯊魚像發(fā)射的子彈一樣在水中穿來穿去。
能量的來源
是什么讓纖維能存儲如此多的能量呢?在追尋答案的過程中，杜克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚與子午線輪胎的相似性并不僅僅存在于皮膚上。正如子午線輪胎是由壓力膨脹的一樣，在鯊魚膠原輻射處的下方也有一個膨脹區(qū)。但是，鯊魚體內(nèi)的壓力可能來自于血液壓縮膠原纖維而產(chǎn)生的壓力，而不是來自于空氣的壓力。
當鯊魚緩慢游動時，纖維內(nèi)的壓力相對較低。纖維比較松弛時，鯊魚就能以銳角的角度彎身。在尋找食物或只是游動時，鯊魚以這種方式進行移動。但是，當它發(fā)現(xiàn)重要的食物來源時，一些奇妙的變化就自動發(fā)生了。
鯊魚內(nèi)部的壓力可能會增加10倍，膠原纖維在這種壓力下劇烈拉伸，蓄積了大量的能量。
接著，這種能量被轉(zhuǎn)移到尾巴上，鯊魚快速運動起來，剩下的事情就可想而知了。
海豚是速度快的紀錄保持者
海豚是另一種快速的海洋動物，這種海洋哺乳動物的速度為每小時20英里。研究海豚的生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，就像鯊魚一樣，海豚的快速游動可以追溯到其皮膚。海豚的皮膚是這樣構(gòu)成的：它對流過其身體的水流產(chǎn)生的阻力很小。通常情況下，當魚或其他動物在水中緩慢游動時，水流會平穩(wěn)地流過它們的身體。這種平穩(wěn)的水流被稱為層流。然而，當魚快速移動時，其周圍的水流就變得湍急起來。這種亂流使摩擦加大，降低了魚的速度。
海豚的皮膚彈性很大，可以隨著水波的波形而彎曲。
實際上，水波是被卷進了海豚皮膚的皺褶處。這樣，其余的水就以層流的方式從其身邊平穩(wěn)地流過。其他動物快速游動時，由于受到亂流的阻礙，其速度就降低了;但是，海豚卻能夠以破紀錄的速度在水中快速穿行。
其他的低速動物
并不是所有的動物都能像鯊魚和海豚一樣快速地游動。在運動效率方面大的輸家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕蟲)。它看起來就像沒有殼的蝸牛，其爬行過的地方會留下一條細細的蹤跡。它要使用大量的能量制造黏滑的黏液，以便在其上爬行。移動同樣的距離，老鼠只需要其所耗費能量的十二分之一。
科學(xué)家們認為，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕蟲)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。換句話說，它們都被迫把自己束縛在很小的區(qū)域之中來搜尋食物和尋找合適的生活條件。人類曾經(jīng)面臨過這樣的問題嗎?
1.【答案】D)
【解析】屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，本題是一種排除選擇題。根據(jù)題干中的中心詞“movement to do something”，可以將答案定位在小標題“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前兩句話，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。該句與題干是一種同義轉(zhuǎn)換，選項A)、B)和C)在原文中均有提及，所以不是正確選項;答案D)在原文沒有提及，所以是正確答案。
2.【答案】B)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干考查汽車、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在文章小標題“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前兩句話，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句話所舉例子正是為了說明第一句話的內(nèi)容，這與B)項意思一致，而其他選項在文中均未提及。
3.【答案】A)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。分析題干，本題考查鯊魚在水中快速游動的關(guān)鍵是什么。其中的“key”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標題“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句話，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，這與選項A)完全一致，所以直接選擇A)即可。其他選項在文中均有提及，但是都不符合題干的要求。
4.【答案】D)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中的“the Duke University scientists”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標題“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句話，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。這與選項D)的內(nèi)容完全一致，所以答案選D)項，而其他選項原文均未提及，為干擾項。
5.【答案】C)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中“a belted radial tire”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標題“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句話，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正說明了兩者的相似之處在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案應(yīng)該是C)。選項A)和B)是兩者的不同之處，選項D)在文中沒有提及。
6.【答案】A)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“a laminar flow”，所以可以將答案鎖定在文章小標題“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根據(jù)該節(jié)第一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。題干是對這兩句話的改寫，所以正確答案是A)選項。其他三個選項的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定義，與題干要求不符。
7.【答案】C)
【解析】屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。題干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均為關(guān)鍵詞，可以直接定位在小標題“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句話，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。題干是對該句的同義改寫，所以正確答案是C)12 times，其他選項均與原文內(nèi)容不符。
8. 【答案】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey
【解析】鯊魚靠感受獵物游動的震動來發(fā)現(xiàn)獵物。
9. 【答案】collagen fibers
【解析】在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句話，The fibers are called collagen fibers。
10.【答案】some fantastic involuntary changes
【解析】 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒數(shù)第一句話就是本題答案。
Part ⅢListening Comprehension
Section A
11. W：Would you like to order now?
M：Yes. Please show me the menu.
Q：Where are the man and the woman now?
【答案】D)
【解析】從 order 和menu兩個詞中可以判斷說話人是在餐廳就餐。
12. W：How long have you been driving?
M：Actually I began driving when I was thirteen. But I didn’t get a license until I was sixteen.
Q：When did the man start driving?
【答案】C)
【解析】 說話人說自己十三歲就開始開車，十六歲拿到駕照。十六歲為干擾項，正確答案是十三歲。
13. W：Excuse me, could you please tell me when the bank is open?
M：It’s open from 9 am. to 5 pm. on weekdays, and 10 am. to 4 pm. on Saturdays.
Q：When is the bank open?
【答案】A)
【解析】 女士問銀行何時開門，男士回答說平日里是上午九點到下午五點，周六是上午十點到下午四點。此處 weekdays 指“在每個工作日 (指星期一至星期五)”。
14. M：Didn’t you go shopping today? Where’s the tobacco you promised to bring me?
W：I planned to, but the car was out of order so I did some sewing instead.
Q：What did the woman do today?
【答案】B)
【解析】 男士問女士為何沒去購物。女士回答說本來打算去的，但是車子有點問題，所以就在家做了些針線活。
15. W：If any of you give me a hand, I could finish this job before five o’clock.
M：I would like to, but I can’t. Mr. Brown told me to type some letters before I go home.
Q：What did Mr. Brown ask the man to do?
【答案】C)
【解析】 男士跟女士解釋說他很樂意幫她，但是他沒辦法，布朗先生要他回家之前打印一些信件。從男士的回答中我們可以直接找到答案。
16. M：You work harder than Merry.
W：But Linda works even harder.
Q：Who works the hardest?
【答案】C)
【解析】 男士說女士比梅麗工作努力，女士說琳達比自己還要努力。因此，工作努力的人是琳達。
17. W：Would you like a cup of coffee to help you wake up?
M：A cup of coffee? I’ll need three or four.
Q：What does the man mean?
【答案】C)
【解析】 女士問男士是否需要一杯咖啡幫他提神。男士回答說一杯不行，要三四杯。由此可見答案。
18. W：Excuse me, where’s the cashier’s office? I’ve come to pay a bill.
M：It’s on the 2nd floor, the 3rd room on the right.
Q：Where’s the cashier’s office?
【答案】A)
【解析】 女士問出納員的辦公室在哪兒，男士說在二樓右邊第三個房間。3rd room 為干擾項，2nd 才是正確答案。
Conversation One
M：I really don’t know what to do this summer. I can’t afford to just sit around, and there don’t seem to be any jobs available.
W：Why don’t you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds when they are away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty.
M：You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?
W：It wasn’t that easy. She had to mow the lawn and water the house plants. And when Eric house-sat for Dr. Cohen, he had to take care of her pets.
M：House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children.
W：The Student Employment Office still has a few jobs posted.
M：Do you have to fill out an application?
W：Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each.
M：That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.
W：Well, the house owners want some guarantee that they can trust the house-sitter. You know, they want to make sure you’re not the type who’ll throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.
M：House-sitters who do that sort of things probably aren’t paid then?
W：Usually they’re paid anyway just because the house owners don’t want to make a fuss. But if the house owner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldn’t be able to get another job. So why don’t you apply?
M：Yeah, I think I will.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What does the man want to do this summer?
20. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?
21. What is one responsibility the house-sitter probably wouldn’t have?
22. How do house owners determine the reliability of a house-sitter?
19. 【答案】D)
【解析】 對話一開始男士即說暑假不能待著，但似乎沒有什么可行的工作，即說明他想假期做一份兼職。
20. 【答案】A)
【解析】 Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty. 從這一句中可以看出 Dodd一家去年夏天外出時，他們雇了Margaret 在他們家看家。
21. 【答案】C)
【解析】 House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children. 從這句話中可看出 house-sitting的工作類似于保姆 baby-sitting，只是除了要照顧孩子。
22. 【答案】B)
【解析】 Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each. 從這句話中可以看出房屋主人對應(yīng)聘者進行了面試，并且每位應(yīng)聘者分別提供三份介紹信。
Conversation Two
M：You’ve worked in a university before, haven’t you?
W：Yes, in Britain, yes.
M：What, how do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?
W：Well, most universities have a Careers Advice Service. I used to know the people in the Careers Advice Service in Newcastle University and they, in fact, seem fairly successful in finding jobs for students. They are able to get jobs for 30%～40% of new graduates.
M：That seems a fairly low percentage.
W：Well...it’s not if you consider the various other options which people take up. For example, there are a fair number of people I don’know the exact number, who go into further study, who carry straight on into master’s degrees. Either at the same university or another university. So that’s fair chunk. Then there are others, a second group of people, who decide not to take a career job immediately after university. Instead, they decide to take time off, maybe see the world, and...and...well there is a third group, the people who can’t actually get the jobs they wait for， a job they really want. So when I say 30%～40% find jobs through the careers service, that doesn’t mean that only that number find jobs. A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.
M：So it is quite high really, yes.
W：Oh, I think so, relatively, yes. And quite a lot of other people of course look in newspapers and the particular journals or magazines which advertise jobs in the fields they’re interested in.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What are the man and the woman talking about?
24. What is the percentage of college graduates getting jobs through university help?
25. What do most college graduates in Britain do when they graduate?
23. 【答案】C)
【解析】 兩個人討論的是關(guān)于大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后找工作的問題，通過什么渠道找工作。job hunting 即為找工作之意。
24. 【答案】B)
【解析】 女士介紹說大學(xué)里的介紹工作的服務(wù)機構(gòu)可以幫助30%～40% 的畢業(yè)生找到工作。四個選項里只有三分之一在這個數(shù)字范圍之內(nèi)。
25. 【答案】A)
【解析】 大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)之后是去找工作，他們通過學(xué)校的工作介紹機構(gòu)，或者通過報紙、雜志等找工作。
Section B
Passage One
Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy addition to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the consequences can cause you a lot of trouble.
Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the problems involved before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dogs, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it’s a good idea to go to the library or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. When a book describes a dog as an ideal hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small apartment. Dog breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the space available in the home.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the main topic of the talk?
27. According to the speaker who was really responsible for the dog’s welfare?
28. When is the toy dog a good choice?
26. 【答案】A)
【解析】 本文主要講了養(yǎng)小狗做家庭寵物要十分細心慎重。如果選擇不慎的話，會帶來許多問題。
27. 【答案】C)
【解析】 說話者認為父母才是應(yīng)該對小狗負責(zé)的人。從這句話中就可以看出來：the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for.
28. 【答案】C)
【解析】 當你的住房面積很小的時候，養(yǎng)一只小型狗是很好的選擇。文中有明確地指出：If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice.
Passage Two
Everywhere we look, we see Americans running. They run for every reason anybody could think of. They run for health, for beauty, to lose weight, to feel fit, and because it is the thing they love to do. Every year, for example, thousands of people run in one race, the Boston Marathon, the best known long distance race in the United States. In recent years there have been nearly 5,000 official competitors and it takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line.
You may have heard the story of the Greek runner, Pheidippides. He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago. No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that he died of the effort. Today no one will die in a Marathon race. But at the finish line, we see what this race is about; not being first, but finishing. The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body. It is a victory of will-power over fatigue. In the Boston Marathon, each person who crosses that finish line is a winner.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. How long does it take for the runners to cross the starting line in recent Marathon race?
30. Why did the Greek runner run from Marathon to Athens?
31. Why is a person who crosses the finish line a winner?
29. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。第一段提到在近的比賽中，選手們穿過起跑線都需要3分鐘的時間。
30. 【答案】C)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。見第二段， “He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago”，由此可知，是為了傳達勝利的消息。
31. 【答案】C)
【解析】推斷題。見第二段，“The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body”，可知真正的勝利不是戰(zhàn)勝對手，而是戰(zhàn)勝自己。
Passage Three
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much father away. You can’t see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you’ll be able to see thousands of them.
The earth is one of the sun’s planets, and the moon is the nearest to the earth in space, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets.
Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Our countries sometimes have sent up manmade satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What do we learn about the sun?
33. Which planet have some people reached?
34. What can we do because of the manmade satellites?
35. What do we learn from the passage?
32. 【答案】B)
【解析】細節(jié)題。見第一段第一句，所有的恒星中太陽是離地球近的一個。
33. 【答案】A)
【解析】細節(jié)題。見第二段第二句，沒有人到達過比月球更遠的地方，但人造衛(wèi)星到達了其他的星球。
34. 【答案】C)
【解析】 總結(jié)題。見第三段第二句和后一句，由此可總結(jié)人造衛(wèi)星既可以幫人們展開研究，也可以增進人們之間的了解。
35. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。見第二段第一句，“The earth is one of the sun’s planets”，由此可知，地球是一個行星。
Section C
36. 【答案】fun
【解析】假期購物對許多人來說是件令人興奮而有趣的事，fun表示“有趣”。
37. 【答案】perfect
【解析】此處應(yīng)填形容詞 perfect, 表示“極好的，完美的”。
38. 【答案】lastminute
【解析】此處應(yīng)填復(fù)合名詞 lastminute, 表示“后一刻”。
39. 【答案】entire
【解析】此處應(yīng)填形容詞 entire, 表示“全部的，整個的”。
40. 【答案】stores
【解析】此處應(yīng)填名詞 store 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 stores, 指“商店”。
41. 【答案】enthusiasm
【解析】此處應(yīng)填名詞 enthusiasm。Full of enthusiasm 表示“充滿熱情的”，相當于 be enthusiastic。
42. 【答案】dozen
【解析】a dozen 意為“一打、很多”。
43. 【答案】Overall
【解析】該詞位于句首，首字母必須大寫，所以此處填首字母大寫的副詞Overall，表示“大致上，全部地”。
44. 【答案】 Roughly 60 million Americans will buy at least some of their gifts via their computers
【解析】大約六千萬美國人通過電腦購買部分禮品。
45. 【答案】Internet shopping is no longer new or unusual for people
【解析】網(wǎng)上購物對人們來說已不是新鮮事了。
46. 【答案】It’s all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable.
【解析】此句是說：網(wǎng)上購物使得人們購物更高效、可靠和舒適。
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
原文精譯
近年來，越來越多的外國人參與了美國的教學(xué)項目。當然，在教學(xué)中使用外國教職員工既有優(yōu)點，又有缺點，這必須予以考慮?？梢赃@樣說，國外背景使外國教職員工具有價值的同時，也給學(xué)校和個人的調(diào)整帶來一些問題。外國學(xué)者通常把自己孤立在實驗室中，以此作為一種保護;然而，他所需要的是把自己融入一個具有高度組織的大學(xué)體系中，這種體系與其國家的體系截然不同。在日常工作中，他要面對哲學(xué)、課程安排和教學(xué)方法上的差異。訪問教授和他的學(xué)生在各自的文化方面都缺乏一種共同點，所以外國教授需要明白美國學(xué)生已經(jīng)了解了那些概念。在幫助外國教授使其適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的同時，學(xué)校也必須作出某些調(diào)整，以充分發(fā)揮新人的優(yōu)勢。如何創(chuàng)造性地利用外國教職教員并不總為人所知，特別是在一些較小的學(xué)校中。這被認為是需要進一步研究的領(lǐng)域，其研究成果將對擁有外國教職員工的學(xué)院和大學(xué)產(chǎn)生重大的價值。
47. 【答案】H)
【解析】選of 。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權(quán)衡，此處空格填介詞of。
48. 【答案】C)
【解析】選considered。consider意思是“考慮，認為”。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權(quán)衡，此處用被動語態(tài)。
49. 【答案】F)
【解析】選create。create意思是“產(chǎn)生，制造”。國外的教師資源也會產(chǎn)生些問題。
50. 【答案】L)
【解析】選however。本句與前一句意思為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而且轉(zhuǎn)折詞在前，因此用連詞however。
51. 【答案】O)
【答案】選that。他必須適應(yīng)管理嚴密的大學(xué)體系，而這一點是與他國內(nèi)的大學(xué)體系大不相同的。that是指代大學(xué)體系。
52. 【答案】K)
【解析】選lack。所有外來教授和他的學(xué)生都缺乏文化共同性。
53. 【答案】G)
【解析】選required。外來教授需要接受美國學(xué)生頭腦里已存在的那些概念。
54. 【答案】J)
【解析】選make?！白鲂┱{(diào)整”用動詞make。大學(xué)必須做出適當?shù)恼{(diào)整。
55. 【答案】E)
【解析】選offer。offer意思是“提供，供應(yīng)”。
56. 【答案】A)
【解析】選field。field意思是“領(lǐng)域”。這是一個有待進一步研究的領(lǐng)域。
Section B
Passage One
原文精譯
報紙的分類欄目中出現(xiàn)了一種新型的、越來越普遍的小型廣告。雖然它不是工作招聘，但有時卻被放置在“招聘廣告”中;盡管它也不是個人求職，有時卻出現(xiàn)在“求職廣告”中。它所做的是向申請工作的人提供幫助。
“寫申請前同我們聯(lián)系”，或者“利用我們多年的經(jīng)驗來為您精心設(shè)計您的簡歷或工作經(jīng)歷”，這種廣告經(jīng)常這樣宣傳。當然，這種專業(yè)服務(wù)的出現(xiàn)和成功是當前高失業(yè)率的一種反映，也是簡歷(或工作經(jīng)歷)日益重要的表現(xiàn)，說明簡歷現(xiàn)在本身也是一種藝術(shù)形式。
有一段時間，求職者只是簡單地寫求職信。當我離開學(xué)校時，給首次求職的年輕人提供的一般建議是，“寫上你的姓名、地址、年齡以及你是否通過了所有的考試”。信僅僅是寫給開啟的人的，其他的一切可以或者應(yīng)該等到面試時再解釋。在那些充分就業(yè)的日子里，起作用的是技術(shù)。求職信證明的是你能寫，你可以工作。你充滿熱切的臉和明智的答復(fù)已經(jīng)表明了其他的一切。
后來，隨著你的職位的提升，你的求職信中就需要一些稍微復(fù)雜的東西。建議你在求職信中增加一些使你與其他人區(qū)別開來的內(nèi)容。它可能是種激進的方式?！安灰偎褜ち耍揖褪悄阋衅傅哪莻€人”，這是一種廣泛使用而且偶爾會成功的伎倆?；蛘咚部赡苁且恍ｉT為面試而設(shè)計的特點。
但是，接受過大學(xué)全面教育的求職者越來越多，從而使得簡歷愈加重要，這一點是毫無疑問的。
57. 【答案】B)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。文章從報紙上刊登的招聘啟事小廣告說起，說到了高失業(yè)率問題以及找工作投遞簡歷等問題。該題有一定難度。根據(jù)題干，解答該題應(yīng)定位在第一段。第一段第二行說“它有時放在‘situations vacant’(招聘)欄目……，”其中招聘加了引號，再加上隨后的讓步從句明確否定了給人提供工作，所以A)項應(yīng)排除。第三行說“它有時放在‘situations wanted’(求職)欄目……，”隨后的讓步從句也明確否定了D)項。而選擇正確答案應(yīng)根據(jù)后一句話“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.” B)項正確。C)項“把現(xiàn)有的工作分成各種類型”文章沒有提及，也應(yīng)排除。
58. 【答案】C)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。解答該題只需正確理解第二段第二句“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”(這種特別服務(wù)的出現(xiàn)和成功反映了當今的高失業(yè)率。)這正是C)項的內(nèi)容。該題屬“倒著考”題型。
59. 【答案】D)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵的提示句應(yīng)該是第三段第三句“The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”言外之意，在信中不必寫得太詳細，應(yīng)該在得到面試機會時再透露更多細節(jié)。D)項為正確選項。
60. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。文章第四段第一行中的“as you moved up the ladder”對應(yīng)了題干中的“as one went on to apply for more important jobs”。因此，隨后的內(nèi)容即為答案:“Something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.” A)項正確。B)項說“有關(guān)申請人個性的隱含信息”，C)項說“申請人申請工作時相對于其他人的優(yōu)勢”，這兩項均不正確，D)項表示“用主動積極的方法偶爾玩點花招”，這只是引人關(guān)注的其中一種方法，不如A)具有概括性。
61. 【答案】B)
【解析】細節(jié)題。本題問個人履歷為什么重要。只要正確理解后一段，就可做出正確選擇，后一句實際上是強調(diào)句型:“...it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.”明確講明是越來越多的具有大學(xué)教育背景的求職者使得個人履歷更顯重要?！癷t is”后的內(nèi)容也即是B)項的內(nèi)容，所以B)項正確。A)、C)、D)項文中都沒有涉及，均應(yīng)排除。
Passage Two
原文精譯
在實行房租管制的城市中，市政府設(shè)定了房東出租公寓所收取的高租金。支持房租管制的人認為，這種措施保護了公寓居住者。房租不增加，他們就不存在沒有住房的危險。然而，批評家們認為，長期的房租管制可能會產(chǎn)生負面的影響。房東知道自己不能靠增加房租而贏利，所以他們就轉(zhuǎn)向投資于其他能夠贏利的行業(yè)，而不會投資建設(shè)同樣受房租管制的新公寓。結(jié)果，新公寓就不會增加，許多需要公寓的人也找不到公寓。批評家們認為，房租管制終會造成城市公寓的缺乏。
有些理論家認為，低工資法也以同樣的方式造成了一些問題。聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定了雇主必須支付給工人的低工資額。低工資為尋找不熟練勞動和低額工資的人提供了幫助。然而，如果低工資額增長，雇主可能會雇用較少的工人。它們會用機器來代替工人。由于雇主必須支付給工人的工資增加，在其他條件不變的情況下，雇主雇用工人的數(shù)量就會減少。因此，批評家們認為，提高低工資標準可能會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。有些窮人會失業(yè)而不是在低工資水平處就業(yè)。
支持低工資的人認為，低工資有助于人保持自己的尊嚴。由于受法律限制，工人不能以低于低工資額的價格出售他們的服務(wù)。另外，用人單位也不能強迫工人接受不公平的工資而工作。
經(jīng)濟理論預(yù)測了經(jīng)濟決策的結(jié)果，比如關(guān)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、房租管制和低工資的決定;但是，這些預(yù)測僅僅在“其他條件不變的情況下”是正確的。經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們在某些預(yù)測方面并未取得一致意見。在不同決定的價值方面，他們也存在不同意見。有些經(jīng)濟學(xué)家支持某個特別的決定，但另外一些人則對它提出批評。但是，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們都同意，經(jīng)濟問題沒有簡單的答案。
62. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。本文討論了限制高租房金額以及低工資等問題，以及相應(yīng)引起的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象。本題問規(guī)定高租金可能會導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果。文章第一段明確指出，landlords(房東)收取租戶的租金有了高限額，他們的利潤會受到影響，也可能導(dǎo)致他們投資其他行業(yè)，鑒于此，C)、D)兩項都是錯誤的。B)項“使租房為家的人擔(dān)憂”文中沒有涉及，也不對。依據(jù)第一段后一句話“..., the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.”可知A)項為選項。
63. 【答案】C)
【解析】細節(jié)題。依據(jù)第一段第四句“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.”可斷定C)項正確。A)、B)、D)諸項都含絕對意味，都不符合文中意思。
64. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。解答該題只要準確理解第二段的含義，尤其從第三行開始“However, if the minimum is high,...Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.”此題較簡單。
65. 【答案】B)
【解析】 主旨題。本文從rent control和低工資控制兩方面討論了政府控制可能造成的后果。進一步說，許多政府行為可能保護某些利益，但從長遠看，也會帶來許多問題。B)項正確。A)項說(文章敘述了)供需關(guān)系;C)項說(文章敘述了)政府控制的必要性;D)項說(文章敘述了)擺脫政府控制的緊迫性。文章并沒有深入談及這三項內(nèi)容，顯然不能成為文章主旨。
66. 【答案】D)
【解析】推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第二行“The predictions may be correct only if ‘other things are equal’.”可得知A)項是對的。從第二段可得知規(guī)定低工資會使得雇主雇傭更少的工人，會考慮用機器替代工人，也就會導(dǎo)致更多的人失業(yè)，所以B)項應(yīng)該是可以成立的說法。C)項的內(nèi)容實際上就是A)項的另一種說法，也可成立。依據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，可得知D)項不正確。經(jīng)濟理論應(yīng)該有相當?shù)膮⒖純r值，只是還需考慮方方面面的因素。
Part ⅤCloze
原文精譯
對于許多人來說，現(xiàn)在的閱讀已經(jīng)不再是一種放松了。為了繼續(xù)他們的工作，他們必須閱讀信件、報告、貿(mào)易出版物、辦公室的文件，更不用說報紙和雜志了：永遠不會結(jié)束的大量的字詞。在獲得工作或提升時，快速閱讀和理解的能力就意味著成功和失敗的差別。然而，不幸的是，我們當中的大多數(shù)人都不善于閱讀。我們大多數(shù)人在早期養(yǎng)成了不好的閱讀習(xí)慣，而且沒有將其改掉。主要的困難在于語言的自身要素——詞語。除非它們組合成詞、句子和段落，單個的詞語本身并沒有意思。但是，不幸的是，沒有受過訓(xùn)練的讀者不會閱讀詞組。他每次都費力地閱讀一個詞，還經(jīng)?；仡^去重讀詞語或文章?；仡^重讀，就是再返回去看自己
已經(jīng)閱讀過的東西，是一種常見的不良閱讀習(xí)慣。另一種降低閱讀速度的習(xí)慣是發(fā)聲閱讀——閱讀時發(fā)聲或默讀每個單詞。
為了克服這些壞習(xí)慣，一些閱讀診所采用了一種名為快速閱讀器的工具，在頁面上以預(yù)定的速度來移動一行(或者一頁)。為了提高讀者的閱讀速度，設(shè)定的一行速度稍微快于讀者感覺到舒服的速度。快速閱讀器迫使讀者加快閱讀速度，使其不可能再逐字閱讀、回顧文章內(nèi)容或者默讀。首先，理解以犧牲速度為代價。但是，當你學(xué)會閱讀理念和概念時，你不僅會提高閱讀速度，而且會提高理解能力。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)，在經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后，他們的閱讀能力獲得了極大提高。以商務(wù)經(jīng)理人Charlce Au為例，在接受訓(xùn)練前，他合理可靠的閱讀速度是每分鐘172個單詞，現(xiàn)在他的閱讀速度提高到每分鐘1378個單詞。在較短的時間內(nèi)，他可以閱讀完大量的材料，這讓他非常欣慰。
67. 【答案】D)
【解析】本句意思是“誰如果想謀得一份差事”。A)項applying需加for,意思是“申請”;B)項、C)項均不符合題意，只有D)項(獲得)適合。
68. 【答案】A)
【解析】本句意為“快速閱讀與理解的能力，是關(guān)系到成敗的關(guān)鍵所在”只有quickly與原意吻合。easily(容易地);roughly (粗略地);decidedly(果斷地)均與原文內(nèi)容不符。
69. 【答案】C)
【解析】英語中，閱讀速度快的人稱為good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，多數(shù)人都屬于poor reader，因此選poor(差的)。其他選項不妥。
70. 【答案】B)
【解析】此處的意思是“大多數(shù)人早期養(yǎng)成看書慢的習(xí)慣”因此選habits(習(xí)慣)。training (訓(xùn)練，培訓(xùn));situations(形勢);custom(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)。
71. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此處說的是“主要的困難在于語言的自身要素，即單詞”。combines聯(lián)合;touches接觸;involves包括，這三項的詞義與原文不符。而lies與in構(gòu)成搭配，意為“在于”。
72. 【答案】C)
【解析】 這里的意思是“如果單個地看這些字，它們并沒有什么意義”。some有點;a lot許多;dull單調(diào)的。此三項不合題意。只有l(wèi)ittle(很少)是否定詞，合乎邏輯。
73. 【答案】D)
【解析】此句意為作者對未受過閱讀訓(xùn)練的人不會讀句子組合感到遺憾。fortunately幸運地;in fact事實上;logically合乎邏輯地,均不妥。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。
74. 【答案】B)
【解析】 此句意為“在閱讀時經(jīng)常重讀(反復(fù)讀)”因此，選reread重讀。reuse再使用;rewrite重寫;recite背誦。
75. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此處所填的詞既是look back over的賓語，又是you have just read的賓語，只有what能充當這種雙重成分。
76. 【答案】C)
【解析】 scales down按比例減少;cuts down削減，此兩項不合題意。measures不能與down搭配。只有slow與down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合適。
77. 【答案】B)
【解析】 本段前文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)you，在此選one(泛指人們、我們、你)來代替you。some one無此用法。如果用reader，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞。he不能與該段邏輯一致。
78. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此句意為“訓(xùn)練快速閱讀所使用的工具必然與提高閱讀速度有關(guān)”，因此選accelerator (快讀器)。actor演員;amplifier放大器;observer觀察者。
79. 【答案】D)
【解析】前面的faster決定了應(yīng)當選than，構(gòu)成比較級。
80. 【答案】C)
【解析】 此句意為“快速閱讀器迫使你加快閱讀速度，使你再也不能逐字閱讀，回顧前文內(nèi)容或者默讀”。enabling相當于making possible;leading引導(dǎo);indicating指出，表明。都不合題意。只有making (使，使得)合適。
81. 【答案】B)
【解析】 這里的意思是“速讀初會影響理解”，所以選comprehension(理解力)。meaning意義，意思，指詞或詞組表示的意義;gist大意，要旨;regression回顧。
82. 【答案】A)
【解析】 與前半句中的not only相呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成句式“不僅……，而且……”，只有選but，而nor,or或for均不能構(gòu)成固定用法。
83. 【答案】C)
【解析】 本句中的主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，物主代詞必然是their。
84. 【答案】B)
【解析】take與后面的for instance構(gòu)成短語，意為：“以……例”，其他三項不能構(gòu)成搭配。
85. 【答案】D)
【解析】 這里提到受訓(xùn)之前與受訓(xùn)之后進行比較、對比，因此選before。
86. 【答案】D)
【解析】 此處意為：在較短時間內(nèi)，讀完眾多的材料。master掌握;go over復(fù)習(xí);present呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)。此三項均不妥。只有g(shù)et through (讀完)恰當。
Part ⅥTranslation
87. 【答案】would not have finished so early
【解析】 本題考查虛擬語氣would have done,表示本該發(fā)生的事沒有發(fā)生。本句使用的是否定形式?！癰ut for”表示“要不是……”。
88. 【答案】delaying making
【解析】本題考查mind的用法，這里應(yīng)填入的是動名詞形式。
89. 【答案】to have no access
【解析】access這里的意思是“(使用或見到的)機會，權(quán)利”，have access to為固定搭配,即“有機會做某事”。本句中使用的是否定。
90. 【答案】we may/might as well walk home
【解析】本題重點在“不妨”的譯法。may as well表示“不妨，好”。
91. 【答案】singing and dancing to their heart’s content
【解析】本句需填入的成分在句中起補充說明的作用，因此用動名詞形式?！氨M情地”譯為“to one’s heart’s content”。
Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 代溝的表現(xiàn)。
2. 代溝出現(xiàn)的家庭原因。
3. 代溝出現(xiàn)的社會原因。
Generation Gap
Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Animals on the Move
It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.
Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.
Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
Source of Energy
What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.
This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.
Dolphin Has Speed Record
Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.
In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.
The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.
Other Animals Less Efficient
Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.
Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?
1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except .
A )to find food
B) to avoid being chased by its enemies
C) to find a new place to live
D) to show its braveness
2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that .
A)humans are the most clever living creatures in the world
B)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment
C)humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools
D)humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances
3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?
A)The skin. B)The tail. C)The muscle. D)The jaw.
4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?
A)When moving its tail rapidly.
B)When finding its preys.
C)When staying without any movement.
D)When bending its body in swimming.
5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?
A)Because it is also full of blood pressure.
B)Because it is also filled of air pressure.
C)Because it is also inflated by pressure.
D)Because it also can be used again and again.
6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .
A)slowly through the waterB)rapidly through the water
C)against the currentD)at the fastest speed in water
7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it.
A)one twelfth times.B)the same.
C)12 times.D)1.2 times.
8.A shark finds its prey by .
9.According to the passage, can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched .
10.When the shark detects an important food source, take place .
Part ⅢListening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11. A)In an office. B)On a farm.
C)In a clinic. D)In a restaurant.
12. A)When he was sixteen. B)When he was twentyone.
C)When he was thirteen. D)When he was eighteen.
13. A)Thursday 9 am.—5 pm. B)Saturday 9 am.—5 pm.
C)Sunday 2 am.—5 pm. D)Monday 2 am.—5 pm.
14. A)She shopped. B)She sewed.
C)She repaired her car. D)She bought some tobacco.
15. A)Help the woman. B)Go home at five o’clock.
C)Type some letters. D)Work together with Mr. Smith.
16. A)The first speaker. B)Merry.
C)Linda. D)The second speaker.
17. A)He needs to sleep for three or four hours.
B)He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.
C)He will need more than one cup of coffee.
D)He has been wide awake for time.
18. A)On the 2nd floor. B)On the 3rd floor.
C)On the 9th floor. D)On the 4th floor.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A)Go to summer school. B)Take a vacation.
C)Stay at home. D)Earn some money.
20. A)They hired someone to stay in their home.
B)They left their pets with neighbors.
C)They rented their house to a student.
D)They asked their gardener to watch their home.
21. A)Walking the dog. B)Cutting the grass.
C)Watching the children. D)Feeding the fish.
22. A)They attend a house-sitter’s party.
B)They check a house-sitter’s references.
C)They interview a house-sitter’s friends.
D)They look at a house-sitter’s transcripts.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A)University education.
B)Planning for post-graduate studies.
C)Job hunting.
D)Advertising jobs.
24. A)About one half. B)About one third.
C)About one fourth. D)About one fifth.
25. A)Work. B)Do further study.
C)Travel. D)Take time off.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A)The care and proper selection of dogs for family pets.
B)Different breeds of dogs.
C)Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.
D)Different kinds of books about dogs.
27. A)Children.
B)Family.
C)Parents.
D)ASPCA.
28. A)When you have small children.
B)When you live in an apartment.
C)When space is limited.
D)When you live in the city.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A)Three minutes. B)Two minutes.
C)One minute. D)Five minutes.
30. A)To win a competition.
B)To break a record.
C)To deliver the news of victory.
D)To win the first prize.
31. A)Because he is over the fellow runners.
B)Because he is over former runners.
C)Because he is over his own body.
D)Because he wins the prize.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A)It is the smallest one of all the stars.
B)It is the nearest one to the earth.
C)It is the biggest one of all the stars.
D)It is the farthest one from the earth.
33. A)The moon. B)Other planets.
C)Both A and B. D)Neither A nor B.
34. A)Do much research in many fields of science.
B)Understand people in other countries better.
C)Both A and B.
D)Neither A nor B.
35. A)The earth is a planet.
B)Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look.
C)Satellites are all made by men.
D)Men can conquer other planets.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Holiday shopping is an exciting and (36) thing to do for many people. They love the crowds, the time spent picking out that (37) gift for a loved one.
Then there are those of us who hate crowds. Robb Empson used to be one of those (38) holiday gift buyers. Not anymore. The 50-year-old man checked off his (39) gift list two weeks ago—shopping online. Knowing he doesn’t have to visit (40) during the crowded holiday season is a “wonderful feeling,” said Empson, who has been full of (41) online shopping for several years. This year, he spent about 700 dollars on a (42) holiday gifts from Amazon. com. (43) , Internet holiday sales grew 28 percent last year and 54 percent in 2000.
(44) .
Many are turning to online shopping as an alternative. The idea of shopping in your soft loose clothes you wear at home is pretty cool to those who hate shopping. The perfect gift is out there; one needs merely to surf the Web.
(45) .
With the click of a mouse, consumers can send flowers and gifts to distant relatives. Shopping online can be safe and convenient. Consumers need only to know the rules and to take steps to protect themselves. (46)
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.
A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer
F)create G)required H)ofI)emerge J)make
K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)that
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.
There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .
A)informs job hunters of the opportunities available
B)promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment
C)divides available jobs into various types
D)informs employers of the people available for work
58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .
A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people
B)there are so many toplevel jobs available
C)there are so many people out of work
D)the job history is considered to be a work of art
59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .
A)write an initial letter giving their life history
B)pass some exams before applying for a job
C)have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
D)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .
A)something that would distinguish one from other applicants
B)hinted information about the personality of the applicant
C)one’s advantages over others in applying for the job
D)an occasional trick with the aggressive approach
61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .
A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
B)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
C)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
D)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rentcontrolled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, lowpaying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .
A)cause a shortage of apartments
B)worry those who rent apartments as homes
C)increase the profits of landlords
D)encourage landlords to invest in building apartments
63. According to the critics, rent control .
A)will always benefit those who rent apartments
B)is unnecessary
C)will bring negative effects in the long run
D)is necessary under all circumstances
64. The problem of unemployment will arise .
A)if the minimum wage is set too highB)if the minimum wage is set too low
C)if the workers are unskilledD)if the maximum wage is set
65. The passage tells us .
A)the relationship between supply and demand
B)the possible results of government controls
C)the necessity of government control
D)the urgency of getting rid of government controls
66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.
B)Minimum wage can not always protect employees.
C)Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.
D)Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.
Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a neverending flood of words. In 67 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69 readers. Most of usdevelop poor reading 70 at an early age, andnever get over them. The main deficiency 71 in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have 72 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 73, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74 words or passages. Regression, thetendency to look back over 75 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 77 reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80 word-by-word reading,regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 your comprehension will improve.Many people have found 83 reading skilldrastically improved after some training. 84 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 more reading material in a short period of time.
67. A)applying B)doing
C)offering D)getting
68. A)quickly B)easily
C)roughly D)decidedly
69. A)good B)curious
C)poor D)urgent
70. A)training B)habits
C)situations D)custom
71. A)lies B)combines
C)touches D)involves
72. A)some B)a lot
C)little D)dull
73. A)Fortunately B)In fact
C)Logically D)Unfortunately
74. A)reuse B)reread
C)rewrite D)recite
75. A)what B)which
C)that D)if
76. A)scales B)cuts
C)slows D)measures
77. A)some one B)one
C)he D)reader
78. A)accelerator B)actor
C)amplifier D)observer
79. A)then B)as
C)beyond D)than
80. A)enabling B)leading
C)making D)indicating
81. A)meaning B)comprehension
C)gist D)regression
82. A)but B)nor
C)or D)for
83. A)our B)your
C)their D)such a
84. A)Look at B)Take
C)Make D)Consider
85. A)for B)in
C)after D)before
86. A)master B)go over
C)present D)get through
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. But for his help, I (我不可能這么早完成).
88. I don’t mind your (延期做出) the decision as long as it is not too late.
89. Over a third of the population was estimated (無法獲得) to the health service.
90. It is no good waiting for the bus, (我們不妨走回家吧).
91. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, (盡情地唱歌跳舞).
2010年12月英語四級預(yù)測題答案與解析
Part ⅠWriting
【寫作思路】
本文是一篇關(guān)于代溝的議論文。從代溝的現(xiàn)象開始討論，接著提出代溝產(chǎn)生的家庭原因以及社會原因。
【參考范文】
Generation Gap
Generation gap seems a hot topic between the old and the young. Parents complain that children don’t show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents dont understand them at all. Often they discover that they have very little in common.
One cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life. In traditional societies, children lived in the same area as their parents, married people their parents knew and approved of, and often continued the family occupation.
In our society, people often move out of the home at an early age, marry or live with people their parents have never met, and choose occupations that are rather different. Parents often expect their children to be better than them. However, these ambitions for their children are another cause of the division between them.
Finally, the speed of change in our society is another cause of it. In the traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date.
No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文精譯
動物的運動
除了缺少劇情音樂之外，這看上去就像《大白鯊》影片中的一個場景：一條巨大的鯊魚在水中慢慢地游著，尾巴就像鐘擺一樣來回地擺動。
突然，它敏感的皮膚神經(jīng)末梢感受到了獵物游動時發(fā)出的震動。瞬間，它就變成一臺高效致命的死亡機器。它繃緊肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一條通道。眨眼之間，它便用強有力的嘴巴咬住了它的獵物，一條大魚。隨后，它來回扭動著頭，從獵物的身上撕下大塊大塊的肉，把它們吞了下去。很快地，獵食活動就結(jié)束了。
為了生存而移動
鯊魚追逐獵物的過程以一種夸張的方式證明了移動(或者運動)對于動物的重要作用。
像鯊魚一樣，大部分的動物通過移動來發(fā)現(xiàn)食物。他們還利用移動來逃避敵人、尋找配偶、開拓新的地盤。移動的方法包括：爬行、跳躍、滑行、飛行、飄浮或者漫步。
借助各種有助移動的發(fā)明，人類加強了其移動優(yōu)勢，可以在任何環(huán)境下移動。汽車、火箭、潛艇能把人類從深海運輸?shù)竭b遠的月亮。然而，對于其他的動物而言，移動來源于數(shù)百萬年的進化。鯊魚是其中成功的例子。它能夠以接近零的時間快速地捕獲獵物，這給科學(xué)家們留下了深刻的印象。但是，經(jīng)過仔細地研究，美國杜克大學(xué)的海洋生物學(xué)家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯊魚是如何做到這一點的。在研究中，科學(xué)家們對位于佛羅里達州圣奧古斯丁海上樂園泳池中游泳的鯊魚進行了觀察。他們拍攝了鯊魚的運動情況，對它們進行了分析，同時也對鯊魚的皮膚和肌肉進行了研究。
皮膚是關(guān)鍵
生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚的皮膚是它們在水中高效游動的關(guān)鍵。鯊魚的皮膚中含有許多纖維，像子午線輪胎的內(nèi)部一樣交錯在一起。這些纖維被稱為膠原纖維。隨著它們的放松或拉緊，這些纖維可以儲存或釋放大量的能量。當拉伸纖維時，纖維中蓄滿了能量，就像繃緊的弓弦一樣。能量被釋放后，纖維就松弛了。
杜克大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大拉伸發(fā)生在鯊魚彎曲身體游動的時候。當身體前后移動時，彎曲處外側(cè)的纖維受到強烈的拉伸，大量的潛能被儲存在纖維中。當鯊魚朝另一個方向迅速掉頭時，這種能量就被釋放出來了。
隨著能量在鯊魚身體兩側(cè)交替地儲存和釋放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一樣強烈地來回擺動。這種像皮鞭一樣的動作促使鯊魚像發(fā)射的子彈一樣在水中穿來穿去。
能量的來源
是什么讓纖維能存儲如此多的能量呢?在追尋答案的過程中，杜克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚與子午線輪胎的相似性并不僅僅存在于皮膚上。正如子午線輪胎是由壓力膨脹的一樣，在鯊魚膠原輻射處的下方也有一個膨脹區(qū)。但是，鯊魚體內(nèi)的壓力可能來自于血液壓縮膠原纖維而產(chǎn)生的壓力，而不是來自于空氣的壓力。
當鯊魚緩慢游動時，纖維內(nèi)的壓力相對較低。纖維比較松弛時，鯊魚就能以銳角的角度彎身。在尋找食物或只是游動時，鯊魚以這種方式進行移動。但是，當它發(fā)現(xiàn)重要的食物來源時，一些奇妙的變化就自動發(fā)生了。
鯊魚內(nèi)部的壓力可能會增加10倍，膠原纖維在這種壓力下劇烈拉伸，蓄積了大量的能量。
接著，這種能量被轉(zhuǎn)移到尾巴上，鯊魚快速運動起來，剩下的事情就可想而知了。
海豚是速度快的紀錄保持者
海豚是另一種快速的海洋動物，這種海洋哺乳動物的速度為每小時20英里。研究海豚的生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，就像鯊魚一樣，海豚的快速游動可以追溯到其皮膚。海豚的皮膚是這樣構(gòu)成的：它對流過其身體的水流產(chǎn)生的阻力很小。通常情況下，當魚或其他動物在水中緩慢游動時，水流會平穩(wěn)地流過它們的身體。這種平穩(wěn)的水流被稱為層流。然而，當魚快速移動時，其周圍的水流就變得湍急起來。這種亂流使摩擦加大，降低了魚的速度。
海豚的皮膚彈性很大，可以隨著水波的波形而彎曲。
實際上，水波是被卷進了海豚皮膚的皺褶處。這樣，其余的水就以層流的方式從其身邊平穩(wěn)地流過。其他動物快速游動時，由于受到亂流的阻礙，其速度就降低了;但是，海豚卻能夠以破紀錄的速度在水中快速穿行。
其他的低速動物
并不是所有的動物都能像鯊魚和海豚一樣快速地游動。在運動效率方面大的輸家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕蟲)。它看起來就像沒有殼的蝸牛，其爬行過的地方會留下一條細細的蹤跡。它要使用大量的能量制造黏滑的黏液，以便在其上爬行。移動同樣的距離，老鼠只需要其所耗費能量的十二分之一。
科學(xué)家們認為，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕蟲)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。換句話說，它們都被迫把自己束縛在很小的區(qū)域之中來搜尋食物和尋找合適的生活條件。人類曾經(jīng)面臨過這樣的問題嗎?
1.【答案】D)
【解析】屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，本題是一種排除選擇題。根據(jù)題干中的中心詞“movement to do something”，可以將答案定位在小標題“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前兩句話，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。該句與題干是一種同義轉(zhuǎn)換，選項A)、B)和C)在原文中均有提及，所以不是正確選項;答案D)在原文沒有提及，所以是正確答案。
2.【答案】B)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干考查汽車、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在文章小標題“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前兩句話，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句話所舉例子正是為了說明第一句話的內(nèi)容，這與B)項意思一致，而其他選項在文中均未提及。
3.【答案】A)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。分析題干，本題考查鯊魚在水中快速游動的關(guān)鍵是什么。其中的“key”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標題“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句話，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，這與選項A)完全一致，所以直接選擇A)即可。其他選項在文中均有提及，但是都不符合題干的要求。
4.【答案】D)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中的“the Duke University scientists”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標題“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句話，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。這與選項D)的內(nèi)容完全一致，所以答案選D)項，而其他選項原文均未提及，為干擾項。
5.【答案】C)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中“a belted radial tire”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標題“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句話，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正說明了兩者的相似之處在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案應(yīng)該是C)。選項A)和B)是兩者的不同之處，選項D)在文中沒有提及。
6.【答案】A)
【解析】屬細節(jié)推斷題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“a laminar flow”，所以可以將答案鎖定在文章小標題“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根據(jù)該節(jié)第一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。題干是對這兩句話的改寫，所以正確答案是A)選項。其他三個選項的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定義，與題干要求不符。
7.【答案】C)
【解析】屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。題干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均為關(guān)鍵詞，可以直接定位在小標題“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句話，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。題干是對該句的同義改寫，所以正確答案是C)12 times，其他選項均與原文內(nèi)容不符。
8. 【答案】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey
【解析】鯊魚靠感受獵物游動的震動來發(fā)現(xiàn)獵物。
9. 【答案】collagen fibers
【解析】在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句話，The fibers are called collagen fibers。
10.【答案】some fantastic involuntary changes
【解析】 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒數(shù)第一句話就是本題答案。
Part ⅢListening Comprehension
Section A
11. W：Would you like to order now?
M：Yes. Please show me the menu.
Q：Where are the man and the woman now?
【答案】D)
【解析】從 order 和menu兩個詞中可以判斷說話人是在餐廳就餐。
12. W：How long have you been driving?
M：Actually I began driving when I was thirteen. But I didn’t get a license until I was sixteen.
Q：When did the man start driving?
【答案】C)
【解析】 說話人說自己十三歲就開始開車，十六歲拿到駕照。十六歲為干擾項，正確答案是十三歲。
13. W：Excuse me, could you please tell me when the bank is open?
M：It’s open from 9 am. to 5 pm. on weekdays, and 10 am. to 4 pm. on Saturdays.
Q：When is the bank open?
【答案】A)
【解析】 女士問銀行何時開門，男士回答說平日里是上午九點到下午五點，周六是上午十點到下午四點。此處 weekdays 指“在每個工作日 (指星期一至星期五)”。
14. M：Didn’t you go shopping today? Where’s the tobacco you promised to bring me?
W：I planned to, but the car was out of order so I did some sewing instead.
Q：What did the woman do today?
【答案】B)
【解析】 男士問女士為何沒去購物。女士回答說本來打算去的，但是車子有點問題，所以就在家做了些針線活。
15. W：If any of you give me a hand, I could finish this job before five o’clock.
M：I would like to, but I can’t. Mr. Brown told me to type some letters before I go home.
Q：What did Mr. Brown ask the man to do?
【答案】C)
【解析】 男士跟女士解釋說他很樂意幫她，但是他沒辦法，布朗先生要他回家之前打印一些信件。從男士的回答中我們可以直接找到答案。
16. M：You work harder than Merry.
W：But Linda works even harder.
Q：Who works the hardest?
【答案】C)
【解析】 男士說女士比梅麗工作努力，女士說琳達比自己還要努力。因此，工作努力的人是琳達。
17. W：Would you like a cup of coffee to help you wake up?
M：A cup of coffee? I’ll need three or four.
Q：What does the man mean?
【答案】C)
【解析】 女士問男士是否需要一杯咖啡幫他提神。男士回答說一杯不行，要三四杯。由此可見答案。
18. W：Excuse me, where’s the cashier’s office? I’ve come to pay a bill.
M：It’s on the 2nd floor, the 3rd room on the right.
Q：Where’s the cashier’s office?
【答案】A)
【解析】 女士問出納員的辦公室在哪兒，男士說在二樓右邊第三個房間。3rd room 為干擾項，2nd 才是正確答案。
Conversation One
M：I really don’t know what to do this summer. I can’t afford to just sit around, and there don’t seem to be any jobs available.
W：Why don’t you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds when they are away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty.
M：You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?
W：It wasn’t that easy. She had to mow the lawn and water the house plants. And when Eric house-sat for Dr. Cohen, he had to take care of her pets.
M：House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children.
W：The Student Employment Office still has a few jobs posted.
M：Do you have to fill out an application?
W：Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each.
M：That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.
W：Well, the house owners want some guarantee that they can trust the house-sitter. You know, they want to make sure you’re not the type who’ll throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.
M：House-sitters who do that sort of things probably aren’t paid then?
W：Usually they’re paid anyway just because the house owners don’t want to make a fuss. But if the house owner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldn’t be able to get another job. So why don’t you apply?
M：Yeah, I think I will.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What does the man want to do this summer?
20. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?
21. What is one responsibility the house-sitter probably wouldn’t have?
22. How do house owners determine the reliability of a house-sitter?
19. 【答案】D)
【解析】 對話一開始男士即說暑假不能待著，但似乎沒有什么可行的工作，即說明他想假期做一份兼職。
20. 【答案】A)
【解析】 Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty. 從這一句中可以看出 Dodd一家去年夏天外出時，他們雇了Margaret 在他們家看家。
21. 【答案】C)
【解析】 House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children. 從這句話中可看出 house-sitting的工作類似于保姆 baby-sitting，只是除了要照顧孩子。
22. 【答案】B)
【解析】 Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each. 從這句話中可以看出房屋主人對應(yīng)聘者進行了面試，并且每位應(yīng)聘者分別提供三份介紹信。
Conversation Two
M：You’ve worked in a university before, haven’t you?
W：Yes, in Britain, yes.
M：What, how do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?
W：Well, most universities have a Careers Advice Service. I used to know the people in the Careers Advice Service in Newcastle University and they, in fact, seem fairly successful in finding jobs for students. They are able to get jobs for 30%～40% of new graduates.
M：That seems a fairly low percentage.
W：Well...it’s not if you consider the various other options which people take up. For example, there are a fair number of people I don’know the exact number, who go into further study, who carry straight on into master’s degrees. Either at the same university or another university. So that’s fair chunk. Then there are others, a second group of people, who decide not to take a career job immediately after university. Instead, they decide to take time off, maybe see the world, and...and...well there is a third group, the people who can’t actually get the jobs they wait for， a job they really want. So when I say 30%～40% find jobs through the careers service, that doesn’t mean that only that number find jobs. A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.
M：So it is quite high really, yes.
W：Oh, I think so, relatively, yes. And quite a lot of other people of course look in newspapers and the particular journals or magazines which advertise jobs in the fields they’re interested in.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What are the man and the woman talking about?
24. What is the percentage of college graduates getting jobs through university help?
25. What do most college graduates in Britain do when they graduate?
23. 【答案】C)
【解析】 兩個人討論的是關(guān)于大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后找工作的問題，通過什么渠道找工作。job hunting 即為找工作之意。
24. 【答案】B)
【解析】 女士介紹說大學(xué)里的介紹工作的服務(wù)機構(gòu)可以幫助30%～40% 的畢業(yè)生找到工作。四個選項里只有三分之一在這個數(shù)字范圍之內(nèi)。
25. 【答案】A)
【解析】 大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)之后是去找工作，他們通過學(xué)校的工作介紹機構(gòu)，或者通過報紙、雜志等找工作。
Section B
Passage One
Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy addition to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the consequences can cause you a lot of trouble.
Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the problems involved before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dogs, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it’s a good idea to go to the library or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. When a book describes a dog as an ideal hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small apartment. Dog breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the space available in the home.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the main topic of the talk?
27. According to the speaker who was really responsible for the dog’s welfare?
28. When is the toy dog a good choice?
26. 【答案】A)
【解析】 本文主要講了養(yǎng)小狗做家庭寵物要十分細心慎重。如果選擇不慎的話，會帶來許多問題。
27. 【答案】C)
【解析】 說話者認為父母才是應(yīng)該對小狗負責(zé)的人。從這句話中就可以看出來：the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for.
28. 【答案】C)
【解析】 當你的住房面積很小的時候，養(yǎng)一只小型狗是很好的選擇。文中有明確地指出：If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice.
Passage Two
Everywhere we look, we see Americans running. They run for every reason anybody could think of. They run for health, for beauty, to lose weight, to feel fit, and because it is the thing they love to do. Every year, for example, thousands of people run in one race, the Boston Marathon, the best known long distance race in the United States. In recent years there have been nearly 5,000 official competitors and it takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line.
You may have heard the story of the Greek runner, Pheidippides. He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago. No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that he died of the effort. Today no one will die in a Marathon race. But at the finish line, we see what this race is about; not being first, but finishing. The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body. It is a victory of will-power over fatigue. In the Boston Marathon, each person who crosses that finish line is a winner.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. How long does it take for the runners to cross the starting line in recent Marathon race?
30. Why did the Greek runner run from Marathon to Athens?
31. Why is a person who crosses the finish line a winner?
29. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。第一段提到在近的比賽中，選手們穿過起跑線都需要3分鐘的時間。
30. 【答案】C)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。見第二段， “He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago”，由此可知，是為了傳達勝利的消息。
31. 【答案】C)
【解析】推斷題。見第二段，“The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body”，可知真正的勝利不是戰(zhàn)勝對手，而是戰(zhàn)勝自己。
Passage Three
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much father away. You can’t see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you’ll be able to see thousands of them.
The earth is one of the sun’s planets, and the moon is the nearest to the earth in space, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets.
Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Our countries sometimes have sent up manmade satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What do we learn about the sun?
33. Which planet have some people reached?
34. What can we do because of the manmade satellites?
35. What do we learn from the passage?
32. 【答案】B)
【解析】細節(jié)題。見第一段第一句，所有的恒星中太陽是離地球近的一個。
33. 【答案】A)
【解析】細節(jié)題。見第二段第二句，沒有人到達過比月球更遠的地方，但人造衛(wèi)星到達了其他的星球。
34. 【答案】C)
【解析】 總結(jié)題。見第三段第二句和后一句，由此可總結(jié)人造衛(wèi)星既可以幫人們展開研究，也可以增進人們之間的了解。
35. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。見第二段第一句，“The earth is one of the sun’s planets”，由此可知，地球是一個行星。
Section C
36. 【答案】fun
【解析】假期購物對許多人來說是件令人興奮而有趣的事，fun表示“有趣”。
37. 【答案】perfect
【解析】此處應(yīng)填形容詞 perfect, 表示“極好的，完美的”。
38. 【答案】lastminute
【解析】此處應(yīng)填復(fù)合名詞 lastminute, 表示“后一刻”。
39. 【答案】entire
【解析】此處應(yīng)填形容詞 entire, 表示“全部的，整個的”。
40. 【答案】stores
【解析】此處應(yīng)填名詞 store 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 stores, 指“商店”。
41. 【答案】enthusiasm
【解析】此處應(yīng)填名詞 enthusiasm。Full of enthusiasm 表示“充滿熱情的”，相當于 be enthusiastic。
42. 【答案】dozen
【解析】a dozen 意為“一打、很多”。
43. 【答案】Overall
【解析】該詞位于句首，首字母必須大寫，所以此處填首字母大寫的副詞Overall，表示“大致上，全部地”。
44. 【答案】 Roughly 60 million Americans will buy at least some of their gifts via their computers
【解析】大約六千萬美國人通過電腦購買部分禮品。
45. 【答案】Internet shopping is no longer new or unusual for people
【解析】網(wǎng)上購物對人們來說已不是新鮮事了。
46. 【答案】It’s all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable.
【解析】此句是說：網(wǎng)上購物使得人們購物更高效、可靠和舒適。
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
原文精譯
近年來，越來越多的外國人參與了美國的教學(xué)項目。當然，在教學(xué)中使用外國教職員工既有優(yōu)點，又有缺點，這必須予以考慮?？梢赃@樣說，國外背景使外國教職員工具有價值的同時，也給學(xué)校和個人的調(diào)整帶來一些問題。外國學(xué)者通常把自己孤立在實驗室中，以此作為一種保護;然而，他所需要的是把自己融入一個具有高度組織的大學(xué)體系中，這種體系與其國家的體系截然不同。在日常工作中，他要面對哲學(xué)、課程安排和教學(xué)方法上的差異。訪問教授和他的學(xué)生在各自的文化方面都缺乏一種共同點，所以外國教授需要明白美國學(xué)生已經(jīng)了解了那些概念。在幫助外國教授使其適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的同時，學(xué)校也必須作出某些調(diào)整，以充分發(fā)揮新人的優(yōu)勢。如何創(chuàng)造性地利用外國教職教員并不總為人所知，特別是在一些較小的學(xué)校中。這被認為是需要進一步研究的領(lǐng)域，其研究成果將對擁有外國教職員工的學(xué)院和大學(xué)產(chǎn)生重大的價值。
47. 【答案】H)
【解析】選of 。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權(quán)衡，此處空格填介詞of。
48. 【答案】C)
【解析】選considered。consider意思是“考慮，認為”。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權(quán)衡，此處用被動語態(tài)。
49. 【答案】F)
【解析】選create。create意思是“產(chǎn)生，制造”。國外的教師資源也會產(chǎn)生些問題。
50. 【答案】L)
【解析】選however。本句與前一句意思為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而且轉(zhuǎn)折詞在前，因此用連詞however。
51. 【答案】O)
【答案】選that。他必須適應(yīng)管理嚴密的大學(xué)體系，而這一點是與他國內(nèi)的大學(xué)體系大不相同的。that是指代大學(xué)體系。
52. 【答案】K)
【解析】選lack。所有外來教授和他的學(xué)生都缺乏文化共同性。
53. 【答案】G)
【解析】選required。外來教授需要接受美國學(xué)生頭腦里已存在的那些概念。
54. 【答案】J)
【解析】選make?！白鲂┱{(diào)整”用動詞make。大學(xué)必須做出適當?shù)恼{(diào)整。
55. 【答案】E)
【解析】選offer。offer意思是“提供，供應(yīng)”。
56. 【答案】A)
【解析】選field。field意思是“領(lǐng)域”。這是一個有待進一步研究的領(lǐng)域。
Section B
Passage One
原文精譯
報紙的分類欄目中出現(xiàn)了一種新型的、越來越普遍的小型廣告。雖然它不是工作招聘，但有時卻被放置在“招聘廣告”中;盡管它也不是個人求職，有時卻出現(xiàn)在“求職廣告”中。它所做的是向申請工作的人提供幫助。
“寫申請前同我們聯(lián)系”，或者“利用我們多年的經(jīng)驗來為您精心設(shè)計您的簡歷或工作經(jīng)歷”，這種廣告經(jīng)常這樣宣傳。當然，這種專業(yè)服務(wù)的出現(xiàn)和成功是當前高失業(yè)率的一種反映，也是簡歷(或工作經(jīng)歷)日益重要的表現(xiàn)，說明簡歷現(xiàn)在本身也是一種藝術(shù)形式。
有一段時間，求職者只是簡單地寫求職信。當我離開學(xué)校時，給首次求職的年輕人提供的一般建議是，“寫上你的姓名、地址、年齡以及你是否通過了所有的考試”。信僅僅是寫給開啟的人的，其他的一切可以或者應(yīng)該等到面試時再解釋。在那些充分就業(yè)的日子里，起作用的是技術(shù)。求職信證明的是你能寫，你可以工作。你充滿熱切的臉和明智的答復(fù)已經(jīng)表明了其他的一切。
后來，隨著你的職位的提升，你的求職信中就需要一些稍微復(fù)雜的東西。建議你在求職信中增加一些使你與其他人區(qū)別開來的內(nèi)容。它可能是種激進的方式?！安灰偎褜ち耍揖褪悄阋衅傅哪莻€人”，這是一種廣泛使用而且偶爾會成功的伎倆?；蛘咚部赡苁且恍ｉT為面試而設(shè)計的特點。
但是，接受過大學(xué)全面教育的求職者越來越多，從而使得簡歷愈加重要，這一點是毫無疑問的。
57. 【答案】B)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。文章從報紙上刊登的招聘啟事小廣告說起，說到了高失業(yè)率問題以及找工作投遞簡歷等問題。該題有一定難度。根據(jù)題干，解答該題應(yīng)定位在第一段。第一段第二行說“它有時放在‘situations vacant’(招聘)欄目……，”其中招聘加了引號，再加上隨后的讓步從句明確否定了給人提供工作，所以A)項應(yīng)排除。第三行說“它有時放在‘situations wanted’(求職)欄目……，”隨后的讓步從句也明確否定了D)項。而選擇正確答案應(yīng)根據(jù)后一句話“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.” B)項正確。C)項“把現(xiàn)有的工作分成各種類型”文章沒有提及，也應(yīng)排除。
58. 【答案】C)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。解答該題只需正確理解第二段第二句“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”(這種特別服務(wù)的出現(xiàn)和成功反映了當今的高失業(yè)率。)這正是C)項的內(nèi)容。該題屬“倒著考”題型。
59. 【答案】D)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵的提示句應(yīng)該是第三段第三句“The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”言外之意，在信中不必寫得太詳細，應(yīng)該在得到面試機會時再透露更多細節(jié)。D)項為正確選項。
60. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。文章第四段第一行中的“as you moved up the ladder”對應(yīng)了題干中的“as one went on to apply for more important jobs”。因此，隨后的內(nèi)容即為答案:“Something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.” A)項正確。B)項說“有關(guān)申請人個性的隱含信息”，C)項說“申請人申請工作時相對于其他人的優(yōu)勢”，這兩項均不正確，D)項表示“用主動積極的方法偶爾玩點花招”，這只是引人關(guān)注的其中一種方法，不如A)具有概括性。
61. 【答案】B)
【解析】細節(jié)題。本題問個人履歷為什么重要。只要正確理解后一段，就可做出正確選擇，后一句實際上是強調(diào)句型:“...it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.”明確講明是越來越多的具有大學(xué)教育背景的求職者使得個人履歷更顯重要?！癷t is”后的內(nèi)容也即是B)項的內(nèi)容，所以B)項正確。A)、C)、D)項文中都沒有涉及，均應(yīng)排除。
Passage Two
原文精譯
在實行房租管制的城市中，市政府設(shè)定了房東出租公寓所收取的高租金。支持房租管制的人認為，這種措施保護了公寓居住者。房租不增加，他們就不存在沒有住房的危險。然而，批評家們認為，長期的房租管制可能會產(chǎn)生負面的影響。房東知道自己不能靠增加房租而贏利，所以他們就轉(zhuǎn)向投資于其他能夠贏利的行業(yè)，而不會投資建設(shè)同樣受房租管制的新公寓。結(jié)果，新公寓就不會增加，許多需要公寓的人也找不到公寓。批評家們認為，房租管制終會造成城市公寓的缺乏。
有些理論家認為，低工資法也以同樣的方式造成了一些問題。聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定了雇主必須支付給工人的低工資額。低工資為尋找不熟練勞動和低額工資的人提供了幫助。然而，如果低工資額增長，雇主可能會雇用較少的工人。它們會用機器來代替工人。由于雇主必須支付給工人的工資增加，在其他條件不變的情況下，雇主雇用工人的數(shù)量就會減少。因此，批評家們認為，提高低工資標準可能會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。有些窮人會失業(yè)而不是在低工資水平處就業(yè)。
支持低工資的人認為，低工資有助于人保持自己的尊嚴。由于受法律限制，工人不能以低于低工資額的價格出售他們的服務(wù)。另外，用人單位也不能強迫工人接受不公平的工資而工作。
經(jīng)濟理論預(yù)測了經(jīng)濟決策的結(jié)果，比如關(guān)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、房租管制和低工資的決定;但是，這些預(yù)測僅僅在“其他條件不變的情況下”是正確的。經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們在某些預(yù)測方面并未取得一致意見。在不同決定的價值方面，他們也存在不同意見。有些經(jīng)濟學(xué)家支持某個特別的決定，但另外一些人則對它提出批評。但是，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們都同意，經(jīng)濟問題沒有簡單的答案。
62. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。本文討論了限制高租房金額以及低工資等問題，以及相應(yīng)引起的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象。本題問規(guī)定高租金可能會導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果。文章第一段明確指出，landlords(房東)收取租戶的租金有了高限額，他們的利潤會受到影響，也可能導(dǎo)致他們投資其他行業(yè)，鑒于此，C)、D)兩項都是錯誤的。B)項“使租房為家的人擔(dān)憂”文中沒有涉及，也不對。依據(jù)第一段后一句話“..., the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.”可知A)項為選項。
63. 【答案】C)
【解析】細節(jié)題。依據(jù)第一段第四句“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.”可斷定C)項正確。A)、B)、D)諸項都含絕對意味，都不符合文中意思。
64. 【答案】A)
【解析】 細節(jié)題。解答該題只要準確理解第二段的含義，尤其從第三行開始“However, if the minimum is high,...Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.”此題較簡單。
65. 【答案】B)
【解析】 主旨題。本文從rent control和低工資控制兩方面討論了政府控制可能造成的后果。進一步說，許多政府行為可能保護某些利益，但從長遠看，也會帶來許多問題。B)項正確。A)項說(文章敘述了)供需關(guān)系;C)項說(文章敘述了)政府控制的必要性;D)項說(文章敘述了)擺脫政府控制的緊迫性。文章并沒有深入談及這三項內(nèi)容，顯然不能成為文章主旨。
66. 【答案】D)
【解析】推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第二行“The predictions may be correct only if ‘other things are equal’.”可得知A)項是對的。從第二段可得知規(guī)定低工資會使得雇主雇傭更少的工人，會考慮用機器替代工人，也就會導(dǎo)致更多的人失業(yè)，所以B)項應(yīng)該是可以成立的說法。C)項的內(nèi)容實際上就是A)項的另一種說法，也可成立。依據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，可得知D)項不正確。經(jīng)濟理論應(yīng)該有相當?shù)膮⒖純r值，只是還需考慮方方面面的因素。
Part ⅤCloze
原文精譯
對于許多人來說，現(xiàn)在的閱讀已經(jīng)不再是一種放松了。為了繼續(xù)他們的工作，他們必須閱讀信件、報告、貿(mào)易出版物、辦公室的文件，更不用說報紙和雜志了：永遠不會結(jié)束的大量的字詞。在獲得工作或提升時，快速閱讀和理解的能力就意味著成功和失敗的差別。然而，不幸的是，我們當中的大多數(shù)人都不善于閱讀。我們大多數(shù)人在早期養(yǎng)成了不好的閱讀習(xí)慣，而且沒有將其改掉。主要的困難在于語言的自身要素——詞語。除非它們組合成詞、句子和段落，單個的詞語本身并沒有意思。但是，不幸的是，沒有受過訓(xùn)練的讀者不會閱讀詞組。他每次都費力地閱讀一個詞，還經(jīng)?；仡^去重讀詞語或文章?；仡^重讀，就是再返回去看自己
已經(jīng)閱讀過的東西，是一種常見的不良閱讀習(xí)慣。另一種降低閱讀速度的習(xí)慣是發(fā)聲閱讀——閱讀時發(fā)聲或默讀每個單詞。
為了克服這些壞習(xí)慣，一些閱讀診所采用了一種名為快速閱讀器的工具，在頁面上以預(yù)定的速度來移動一行(或者一頁)。為了提高讀者的閱讀速度，設(shè)定的一行速度稍微快于讀者感覺到舒服的速度。快速閱讀器迫使讀者加快閱讀速度，使其不可能再逐字閱讀、回顧文章內(nèi)容或者默讀。首先，理解以犧牲速度為代價。但是，當你學(xué)會閱讀理念和概念時，你不僅會提高閱讀速度，而且會提高理解能力。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)，在經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練后，他們的閱讀能力獲得了極大提高。以商務(wù)經(jīng)理人Charlce Au為例，在接受訓(xùn)練前，他合理可靠的閱讀速度是每分鐘172個單詞，現(xiàn)在他的閱讀速度提高到每分鐘1378個單詞。在較短的時間內(nèi)，他可以閱讀完大量的材料，這讓他非常欣慰。
67. 【答案】D)
【解析】本句意思是“誰如果想謀得一份差事”。A)項applying需加for,意思是“申請”;B)項、C)項均不符合題意，只有D)項(獲得)適合。
68. 【答案】A)
【解析】本句意為“快速閱讀與理解的能力，是關(guān)系到成敗的關(guān)鍵所在”只有quickly與原意吻合。easily(容易地);roughly (粗略地);decidedly(果斷地)均與原文內(nèi)容不符。
69. 【答案】C)
【解析】英語中，閱讀速度快的人稱為good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，多數(shù)人都屬于poor reader，因此選poor(差的)。其他選項不妥。
70. 【答案】B)
【解析】此處的意思是“大多數(shù)人早期養(yǎng)成看書慢的習(xí)慣”因此選habits(習(xí)慣)。training (訓(xùn)練，培訓(xùn));situations(形勢);custom(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)。
71. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此處說的是“主要的困難在于語言的自身要素，即單詞”。combines聯(lián)合;touches接觸;involves包括，這三項的詞義與原文不符。而lies與in構(gòu)成搭配，意為“在于”。
72. 【答案】C)
【解析】 這里的意思是“如果單個地看這些字，它們并沒有什么意義”。some有點;a lot許多;dull單調(diào)的。此三項不合題意。只有l(wèi)ittle(很少)是否定詞，合乎邏輯。
73. 【答案】D)
【解析】此句意為作者對未受過閱讀訓(xùn)練的人不會讀句子組合感到遺憾。fortunately幸運地;in fact事實上;logically合乎邏輯地,均不妥。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。
74. 【答案】B)
【解析】 此句意為“在閱讀時經(jīng)常重讀(反復(fù)讀)”因此，選reread重讀。reuse再使用;rewrite重寫;recite背誦。
75. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此處所填的詞既是look back over的賓語，又是you have just read的賓語，只有what能充當這種雙重成分。
76. 【答案】C)
【解析】 scales down按比例減少;cuts down削減，此兩項不合題意。measures不能與down搭配。只有slow與down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合適。
77. 【答案】B)
【解析】 本段前文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)you，在此選one(泛指人們、我們、你)來代替you。some one無此用法。如果用reader，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞。he不能與該段邏輯一致。
78. 【答案】A)
【解析】 此句意為“訓(xùn)練快速閱讀所使用的工具必然與提高閱讀速度有關(guān)”，因此選accelerator (快讀器)。actor演員;amplifier放大器;observer觀察者。
79. 【答案】D)
【解析】前面的faster決定了應(yīng)當選than，構(gòu)成比較級。
80. 【答案】C)
【解析】 此句意為“快速閱讀器迫使你加快閱讀速度，使你再也不能逐字閱讀，回顧前文內(nèi)容或者默讀”。enabling相當于making possible;leading引導(dǎo);indicating指出，表明。都不合題意。只有making (使，使得)合適。
81. 【答案】B)
【解析】 這里的意思是“速讀初會影響理解”，所以選comprehension(理解力)。meaning意義，意思，指詞或詞組表示的意義;gist大意，要旨;regression回顧。
82. 【答案】A)
【解析】 與前半句中的not only相呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成句式“不僅……，而且……”，只有選but，而nor,or或for均不能構(gòu)成固定用法。
83. 【答案】C)
【解析】 本句中的主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，物主代詞必然是their。
84. 【答案】B)
【解析】take與后面的for instance構(gòu)成短語，意為：“以……例”，其他三項不能構(gòu)成搭配。
85. 【答案】D)
【解析】 這里提到受訓(xùn)之前與受訓(xùn)之后進行比較、對比，因此選before。
86. 【答案】D)
【解析】 此處意為：在較短時間內(nèi)，讀完眾多的材料。master掌握;go over復(fù)習(xí);present呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)。此三項均不妥。只有g(shù)et through (讀完)恰當。
Part ⅥTranslation
87. 【答案】would not have finished so early
【解析】 本題考查虛擬語氣would have done,表示本該發(fā)生的事沒有發(fā)生。本句使用的是否定形式?！癰ut for”表示“要不是……”。
88. 【答案】delaying making
【解析】本題考查mind的用法，這里應(yīng)填入的是動名詞形式。
89. 【答案】to have no access
【解析】access這里的意思是“(使用或見到的)機會，權(quán)利”，have access to為固定搭配,即“有機會做某事”。本句中使用的是否定。
90. 【答案】we may/might as well walk home
【解析】本題重點在“不妨”的譯法。may as well表示“不妨，好”。
91. 【答案】singing and dancing to their heart’s content
【解析】本句需填入的成分在句中起補充說明的作用，因此用動名詞形式?！氨M情地”譯為“to one’s heart’s content”。