歷年考研英語真題長難句解析(二)

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4.Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
    句子主干:Some of these causes are reasonable results…, Others are consequences of advances…
    語法難點(diǎn):主語是some of these causes,實(shí)際的主語就是some,不過謂語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)則取決于of后面的成分是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。being to…是定語從句的分句結(jié)構(gòu),意為"屬于".
    句子翻譯:在這些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求,另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
    翻譯技巧:這個翻譯比較簡單,注意being to的翻譯即可。
    5.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
    句子主干:This trend began during …, when…, that…
    語法難點(diǎn):
    1)有套和從句。
    這個句子實(shí)際上是This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修飾和限定作用。在分析長難句時一定要注意找出句子的主干,關(guān)鍵是確定句子的主語和謂語,只有這樣才不會被眾多的修飾成分所迷惑。
    2)When引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。
    第一個that引導(dǎo)的是修飾conclusion的定語從句,第二個that引導(dǎo)的是修飾demands的定語從句,wants前省略了which,是引導(dǎo)的修飾a government的主語從句。
    句子翻譯:這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當(dāng)時一些國家的政府下了結(jié)論,認(rèn)為:政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
    翻譯技巧:此句中短語較多。
    come to the conclusion 形成某種結(jié)論
    make of 提出
    in detail 詳細(xì)地
    6.This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
    句子主干:This seems …done by supporting a certain amount of research not…but…
    語法難點(diǎn):注意not…but句型,意為"不是……而是……"
    句子翻譯:給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研提供支持,看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。
    翻譯技巧:嚴(yán)格說來,not…but結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)譯為"不是……而是……",但這樣就顯得羅嗦,所以譯為"與……無關(guān)",但(另一些有關(guān))。a amount of指"數(shù)量達(dá)到……", be related to指"與……有關(guān)".