學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
1． Text: No longer poles apart
2． Arranging a course
3． Vocabulary consolidation
4． Memo writing
5． Oral Practice --- Training Opportunities
6． Homework
I. Reading.
No longer Poles apart
Polish adj. 波蘭的；
subsidiary n.子公司
be poles apart = be widely separated相距甚遠(yuǎn)
e.g. The employers and the trade union leaders are still poles apart.
雇主們與工會(huì)領(lǐng)袖們的意見仍然相差太遠(yuǎn)。（如有關(guān)工資問(wèn)題）
Para.1
President(AmE)/ Chairman(BrE) 總裁，董事長(zhǎng)
Board of Directors
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)/ MD (Managing Director) 總經(jīng)理
acquire v. 收購(gòu)（n. acquisition）
merge v. (merger n. ) with
investment n.投資（v. invest）
major /massive/sizeable investment
take something ↔ over接受，接管to take control of something
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
Ruth moved into our apartment and promptly took over.
--- takeover n.
Warsaw-based 總部位于華沙
-based: 總部位于：headquarters, head office
branch, office
toiletries noun [plural] things such as soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself 日化用品
turnover noun
1 [singular, uncountable] British English the amount of business done during a particular period營(yíng)業(yè)額
2 [singular, uncountable] the rate at which people leave an organization and are replaced by others 員工流動(dòng)的比率
turnover of
Low pay accounts for the high turnover.
staff/labour turnover
a high degree of labour turnover among women
Wroclaw 弗羅茨瓦夫（波蘭西南部城市）
￡11m:讀做11 million pounds
brand 牌子=make
export v.& n. 出口
Explanation:
Para. 2
in spite of 不管
approach verb
▶MOVE TOWARDS◀ 接近
[intransitive and transitive] to move towards or nearer to someone or something
She heard footsteps approaching. 她聽見腳步聲越來(lái)越近。
▶ASK◀ 詢問(wèn)，接洽
[transitive] to ask someone for something, or ask them to do something, especially when you are asking them for the first time or when you are not sure if they will do it
approach somebody for something
Students should be able to approach teachers for advice. 學(xué)生可以找到老師詢問(wèn)建議。
approach somebody/something about (doing) something
The charity approached several stores about giving food aid. 這家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)與多家商店接洽，希望他們給與食物援助。
I have already been approached by several other companies (=offered a job, work etc). 已經(jīng)有幾家公司與我接洽。
▶DEAL WITH◀
[transitive] to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude
approach a problem/task/matter etc 解決，處理（問(wèn)題）
It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 處理相同問(wèn)題可以采用不同的解決辦法。
approach noun
▶METHOD◀
[countable] a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法
approach to
a new approach to teaching languages 一種新的語(yǔ)言教學(xué)方法
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling. 他決定采用一種不同方法，即通過(guò)講故事的方法來(lái)教授圣經(jīng)。
regulation and control 規(guī)范與控制
take somebody/something ↔ on phrasal verb
1 take somebody ↔ on
to start to employ someone 招募，雇用
We’re taking on 50 new staff this year. 我們今年招募了50名新員工。
2 take something ↔ on
to agree to do some work or be responsible for something 承擔(dān)工作或職責(zé)
Don’t take on too much work - the extra cash isn’t worth it. 不要給自己太多的工作量了，多掙的那些錢一點(diǎn)也不值。
3 take something ↔ on
to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
Her face took on a fierce expression. His life had taken on a new dimension.
responsibility n. 責(zé)任 （adj. responsible 后跟介詞for）
accountable 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)的（后跟介詞for）
department, division, section
Research and Development Department---Purchasing Department---Production Department (Manufacturing Department) (Maintenance Division)--- Warehousing---Distribution Department (Despatch Department) --Marketing Department---Advertising Department---Sales Department ----Customer Service Department
Personnel Department
Human Resources Department
Finance Department
Accounts Department
Administration Department
Explanation：
Para.3
bring somebody/something ↔ in phrasal verb
1 to introduce a new law 頒布一項(xiàng)新法律
Harsh anti-Trade Union laws were brought in in the early 1980s. 嚴(yán)厲的反工會(huì)法于80年代早期頒布。
2 to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation 聘請(qǐng)
I’d like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views. 我想聘請(qǐng)…博士來(lái)這里并詢問(wèn)他的意見。
The police were brought in to investigate the matter. 他們把警方請(qǐng)來(lái)，調(diào)查此事。
3 to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit 產(chǎn)生收益
The sale of the house only brought in about £45,000. 這棟房子只賣了4萬(wàn)5千英鎊。
4 to attract customers to a shop or business 吸引
We’ve got to bring in more business if we want the restaurant to survive. 我們?nèi)绻胍屵@家飯館繼續(xù)生存下去，我們就必須吸引更多人。
expatriate [countable] someone who lives in a foreign country
ￚexpatriate adjective [only before noun]移居國(guó)外的；
expatriate workers
British expatriates living in Spain
sales staff 銷售人員 （sales force）
force noun
▶MILITARY◀軍隊(duì)
air force空軍
armed forces 武裝部隊(duì)
▶MILITARY ACTION◀
[uncountable] military action used as a way of achieving your aims 武力
Peace cannot be imposed by force. 和平是不可能靠武力來(lái)強(qiáng)制實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
▶PHYSICAL POWER◀
[uncountable]the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing 力量
force of
The force of the explosion blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量將所有玻璃都沖擊碎了。
▶NATURAL POWER◀
[uncountable and countable] a natural power or event
the force of gravity 地心引力
▶ORGANIZED GROUP◀
[countable usually singular] a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job 一群人
the company’s sales force 公司的銷售人員
the quality of the teaching force 高水平的教師隊(duì)伍
task force
▶STRONG INFLUENCE◀
[countable] something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen 強(qiáng)勢(shì)人物或事情
the driving force (behind something/somebody) (=the person or thing that makes something happen) 驅(qū)動(dòng)力
Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project. 貝迪是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)起人。
a force for change/peace/democracy etc (=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen) 主張改變/和平/民主的力量
consultant [countable]咨詢?nèi)藛T
1 someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject
a management consultant
consultancy noun
plural consultancies
1 [countable] a company that gives advice on a particular subject 咨詢公司
a management consultancy
a consultancy firm
2 [uncountable] advice that a company is paid to provide 咨詢公司的建議
consultancy fees
work on somebody/something phrasal verb
1 to spend time working in order to produce or repair something 做某事
He has spent the last two years working on a book about childcare. 他用了兩年的時(shí)間撰寫了一本關(guān)于育兒的書籍。
Every weekend you see him working on his car. 每個(gè)周末你可以看見他修理自己的汽車。
2 to try very hard to improve or achieve something 努力改善或取得成績(jī)
A trainer has been brought in to work on her fitness. 她請(qǐng)來(lái)了一個(gè)培訓(xùn)師，幫她鍛煉身體。
work on doing something
We need to work on ensuring that the children feel safe and confident. 我們需要不斷努力確保孩子們感到安全和自信。
Explanation：
Para. 4
participant n. 參加者
*participate in sth. 參加
electric adjective驚人的；令人興奮的
making people feel very excited
The atmosphere in the courtroom was electric. 法庭里的氣氛令人振奮。
come up with something phrasal verb
1 to think of an idea, answer etc產(chǎn)生；發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法；答案）
We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)讓我們想出新主意。
2 informal to produce an amount of money 籌措錢
We wanted to buy the house but we couldn’t come up with the cash. 我們想要買這棟房子，但是我們已是籌措不到這筆錢。
throw light on something
to make something easier to understand by providing new information幫助說(shuō)明某事物；供給新知識(shí)
Recent investigations have thrown new light on how the two men died. 近的調(diào)查給解釋這兩個(gè)人的死因帶了新說(shuō)法。
*light n.見解
profit noun
[uncountable and countable]money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid 利潤(rùn)
ￚopposite loss
They sold their house at a healthy profit. 他們的房子賣了個(gè)高價(jià)錢。
The property company made a huge profit on the deal. 這家房地產(chǎn)公司在這次交易中賺了一大筆錢。
sell sth. at a profit (at a loss) 賺錢（賠本）出售某物
put somebody/something on phrasal verb
▶CLOTHES◀
put something ↔ on 穿衣服
to put a piece of clothing on your body
ￚopposite take off
▶ON SKIN◀ 化妝
put something ↔ on
to put make-up, cream etc on your skin
I’ve got to put this cream on twice a day.
▶MUSIC◀播放音樂(lè)
put something ↔ on
to put a record, tape, or CD into a machine and start playing it
She put on some music while they ate.
put on weight/12 lbs/4 kg etc
to become fatter and heavier 增重
ￚsynonym gain
Rosie’s put on five kilos since she quit smoking.
▶EVENT/CONCERT/PLAY ETC◀
put something ↔ on
to arrange for a concert, play etc to take place, or to perform in it 上演
One summer the children put on a play.
Explanation
Para. 5
workplace n. 工作場(chǎng)所[countable] the room, building etc where you work
in the workplace
a report into discrimination in the workplace 一份關(guān)于工作場(chǎng)所歧視問(wèn)題的報(bào)告
marketplace noun [countable]
1 the marketplace
the part of business activity that is concerned with buying and selling goods in competition with other companies 交流或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)所
Some retailers worry that new regulations will hurt their ability to compete in the marketplace. 一些零售商擔(dān)憂新的法規(guī)頒布后會(huì)損害它們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
2 an open area in a town where a market is held 集市
positive adj. 積極的；肯定的
accommodation n.
1 [uncountable] also accommodations American English a place for someone to stay, live, or work 住宿
The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation.這個(gè)度假的價(jià)格包括機(jī)票錢和住宿費(fèi)。
Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.
return n. 收益=pay-off
Explanation
Para. 6
form the basis of
monthly review
review [countable] a report on a series of events or a period of time, that mentions the most important parts 回顧報(bào)告
review of
a review of the year
measure somebody/something against somebody/something phrasal verb
to judge someone or something by comparing them with another person or thing 通過(guò)對(duì)比評(píng)價(jià)某人/某物
Measured against our budget last year, $2.7 million seems small. 與我們?nèi)ツ甑念A(yù)算相比，今年270萬(wàn)美元的預(yù)算就顯得數(shù)額太少了。
target n.目標(biāo) （同義詞：objective, goal和aim）
*set the target 制定目標(biāo)
Explanation
③Using the information in the article, complete sentences.
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. F
enthusiastic adjective
feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something熱心的；熱情洋溢的
enthusiastic about (doing) something
All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
(enthusiasm n. 熱心，熱愛)
*set up training courses
contribute verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in 捐助，捐獻(xiàn)
contribute to/towards
contribute something to/towards something
The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. 志愿人員奉獻(xiàn)自己的時(shí)間致力于這項(xiàng)工作。
2 [intransitive]to help to make something happen 導(dǎo)致
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses. 壓力是許多疾病致病因素。
contribute to
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US. 酒精飲品每年在美國(guó)會(huì)導(dǎo)致10萬(wàn)人死亡。
contribute substantially/significantly/greatly etc to something
3 [intransitive and transitive] to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazine 撰寫
*employ = bring in
④ Matching.
wait for decisions
take on responsibility
bring in a consultant
work on managerial skills
come up with ideas
put on discos
II. Arranging a course
①Reading a fax.
cosmetics n.化妝品 [plural]
creams, powders etc that you use on your face and body in order to look more attractive
cosmetic adjective
1 dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something
We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it.
2 intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive 美容的
the cosmetic industry 美容行業(yè)
cosmetic products 美容產(chǎn)品
Inc. 股份有限公司 (Incorporated)
*Co. = company
*Ltd. = limited
*Corp. = corporation n. 公司, 企業(yè), <美>有限公司,
*plc. = public limited company 上市公司
product launch 產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)
profile noun [countable]
▶HEAD◀
a side view of someone’s head 側(cè)面像
Dani has a lovely profile. 丹尼從側(cè)面看真漂亮。
▶DESCRIPTION◀
a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place簡(jiǎn)介；個(gè)性及生平的簡(jiǎn)要描述
a job profile 工作簡(jiǎn)介
3 high profile：something that is high profile is noticed by many people or gets a lot of attention 高知名度
The star has a high profile in Britain. 這位明星在英國(guó)擁有很高的知名度。
4 keep a low profile
to behave quietly and avoid doing things that will make people notice you 保持低調(diào)
5 raise somebody’s profile 提升知名度
if a person or an organization raises its profile, it gets more attention from the public
an advertising campaign designed to raise the bank’s profile 一個(gè)旨在提高銀行知名度的廣告
commence verb [intransitive and transitive] formal
to begin or to start something 開始，著手
Work will commence on the new building immediately. 新樓的開工將馬上進(jìn)行。
commence with
The course commences with a one week introduction to Art Theory. 這門課一開始時(shí)會(huì)有為期一周的藝術(shù)理論入門課。
commence doing something
The planes commenced bombing at midnight. 飛機(jī)在子夜24點(diǎn)時(shí)開始攻擊。
a survival course拓展課程
an assault course 體能訓(xùn)練課程
assault course noun [countable] British English
an area of land with special equipment to climb, jump over, run through etc that is used for developing physical strength, especially by soldiers
alternatively
seminar noun [countable] 研討課
1 a class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to study or discuss a particular subject
a Shakespeare seminar
2 a class on a particular subject, usually given as a form of training
Publishers and writers from 13 countries attended the seminar.
workshop noun [countable]
1 a room or building where tools and machines are used for making or repairing things 車間
2 a meeting at which people try to improve their skills by discussing their experiences and doing practical exercises 研討課
writers’/drama/music etc workshop
They held a number of workshops and seminars.
be of use (be of great use, be of great significance, be of great importance)
make better use of
attach vt. (=enclose) [transitive] to connect a document or file to an email so that you can send them together 粘貼
asap = as soon as possible
②Speaking------Making arrangements.
③Advertisement reading.
1.Executive Adventures Ltd
outdoor events
increase(raise) awareness of
complementary adjective互補(bǔ)的；互相補(bǔ)足的
1 complementary things go well together, although they are usually different
The computer and the human mind have different but complementary abilities.
overcome storms and crises (sing. crisis)
2.Team Management
expert 專家
expertise noun [uncountable] 專長(zhǎng)
special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
technical/financial/medical etc expertise
What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise. 他帶給公司的是金融方面的專長(zhǎng)。
demonstrate
dynamic noun
dynamics
a) [plural] the way in which things or people behave, react, and affect each other影響力
the dynamics of the family 家庭的影響力
He did research on group dynamics and leadership styles.
他從事團(tuán)隊(duì)影響力以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格的研究。
b) [uncountable] the science relating to the movement of objects and the forces involved in movement 動(dòng)力學(xué)
specialize verb [intransitive] to limit all or most of your study, business etc to a particular subject or activity 專長(zhǎng)于
specialize in
Simmons specialized in contract law. …擅長(zhǎng)合同法。
3.Melville
unique
in-company seminars
in-flight catering
in-house training
in-service training
board game n. 用棋盤玩的游戲
an indoor game played on a specially designed board made of thick card or wood (Chinese checkers中國(guó)跳棋)
simulate verb [transitive] 偽裝，假裝；模仿，模擬 to make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being real
a machine that simulates conditions in space 一臺(tái)模仿太空條件的機(jī)器
Interviews can be simulated in the classroom. 面試可以在教室中進(jìn)行模擬訓(xùn)練。
focus on
mania noun [uncountable and countable]
1 a strong desire for something or interest in something, especially one that affects a lot of people at the same time 強(qiáng)烈的愿望，狂熱
ￚ同義詞 craze
mania for
religious/football/disco etc mania
Keep-fit mania has hit some of the girls in the office. 健身熱潮已經(jīng)席卷了辦公室中很多女孩。
2 medical a serious mental illness 狂躁癥
III. Vocabulary Consolidation on Unit 1a (page 163)
IV. 便函寫作
一、什么是便函
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，便函就是指在同一家機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)從一個(gè)人或一個(gè)部門傳遞到另一個(gè)
人或部門的書面信息，內(nèi)容是要在當(dāng)天或近期內(nèi)所要辦理的事情。
二、便函寫作的格式
便函通常包含以下幾個(gè)部分：
1. 公司名稱；
2. 公司的電話號(hào)碼或傳真號(hào)碼；
3. 收函人姓名（和職位）To:
4. 留言人姓名（和職位）From:
5. 留言日期Date:
6. 便函主題Subject（Re）:
7. 正文
下面我們選擇兩則便函為例，結(jié)合我們剛剛講到的有關(guān)便函的知識(shí)，給大家做一個(gè)具體的講解。
例一：
Ace ElectronicsTel/Fax: 0525 228910
22/7/99
To: M. Jones
From: J. BanksI need to hire a car for the day to get me to the exhibition on 14th of next month. Can you book one? You can use my credit card. I don’t think it matters what kind of car it is, but I don’t want to pay more than $45.
例二：
MEMOTo:From:Re: Your enquiry of the 20th October… … … …
II. 便函寫作應(yīng)試技巧
一、題目要求
在考試時(shí)，題目中會(huì)給你一個(gè)特定的情景，同時(shí)會(huì)告訴給你要完成三項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)；題目中會(huì)有清楚的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，即40-50字，超出或少于這個(gè)字?jǐn)?shù)限制都會(huì)影響你的成績(jī)。
二、便函寫作的要求
簡(jiǎn)潔：不用寫許多空洞的客套話。內(nèi)容要直截了當(dāng)，開門見山。
完整：在用詞和造句時(shí)要用完整句，不能因?yàn)檫@是一種非正式文體的寫作就可以用縮略句，這些做法都是錯(cuò)誤的。
實(shí)用：寫出一條便函、便條、電子短信或留言，一定要有實(shí)用性。要少用空泛、含混的概念，而用具體、明確的詞匯和句子。交代給對(duì)方做的事情或通知對(duì)方的內(nèi)容一定要讓對(duì)方能夠易于操作，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地完成。
以上三點(diǎn)說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。下面我們就來(lái)演練一下。
請(qǐng)看下面題目：
You are Head of Research for an international car manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a colleague who works for a subsidiary.
Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretary.
telling her who you are going to see and when
asking her to book flight tickets and accommodation
telling her what work you would like her to do in your absence.
題目分析
Overall effect: The secretary would know where the Head of Research was going and when, and would understand she was required to book flights and accommodation, and what work she should do tomorrow.
參考答案：
參考答案一
To: Alice Hu, Personal Secretary
From: David Guan, Head of Research
Date: 1 May 2001
Subject*: Urgent trip to subsidiary company
I have to make an urgent trip tomorrow, 2nd May 2001, to visit Pireer Blanco. Please book flight tickets and accommodation. In my absence, I would like you to handle all matters that do not need my personal decisions. Please inform all relevant colleagues.
*subject=Re
參考答案二
To: Alice Hu, Personal Secretary
From: David Guan, Head of Research
Date: 1 May 2001
Subject: Urgent trip to French subsidiary
I’ll visit Pierre Blanco in Paris on 2 May 2001 in the afternoon. Please book me return flight tickets and accommodation at Hilton Hotel for my three-day visit. In my absence, you should schedule and then fax me the arrangements for next week.
V. Oral Practice
Training Opportunities
l How important is it to you to be offered opportunities for training in a job?
參考答案：
It’s very important because ongoing training can guarantee that employees have necessary skills to meet the requirements of the job.
l What do you think makes a training course effective?
參考答案：
First, a qualified and experienced teacher can make the course effective. A further factor is to satisfy staff needs.
(location, materials, audio-visual aids)
l How do you think employees should be selected to attend training courses?
參考答案：
All new staff should receive orientation programme to facilitate their job. For ongoing training, HR Department can carry out opinion surveys among staff to include as many staff as possible.
l Do you think employees should contribute towards the cost of training?
(Should employees pay some of the cost of their training?)
1． Text: No longer poles apart
2． Arranging a course
3． Vocabulary consolidation
4． Memo writing
5． Oral Practice --- Training Opportunities
6． Homework
I. Reading.
No longer Poles apart
Polish adj. 波蘭的；
subsidiary n.子公司
be poles apart = be widely separated相距甚遠(yuǎn)
e.g. The employers and the trade union leaders are still poles apart.
雇主們與工會(huì)領(lǐng)袖們的意見仍然相差太遠(yuǎn)。（如有關(guān)工資問(wèn)題）
Para.1
President(AmE)/ Chairman(BrE) 總裁，董事長(zhǎng)
Board of Directors
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)/ MD (Managing Director) 總經(jīng)理
acquire v. 收購(gòu)（n. acquisition）
merge v. (merger n. ) with
investment n.投資（v. invest）
major /massive/sizeable investment
take something ↔ over接受，接管to take control of something
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
Ruth moved into our apartment and promptly took over.
--- takeover n.
Warsaw-based 總部位于華沙
-based: 總部位于：headquarters, head office
branch, office
toiletries noun [plural] things such as soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself 日化用品
turnover noun
1 [singular, uncountable] British English the amount of business done during a particular period營(yíng)業(yè)額
2 [singular, uncountable] the rate at which people leave an organization and are replaced by others 員工流動(dòng)的比率
turnover of
Low pay accounts for the high turnover.
staff/labour turnover
a high degree of labour turnover among women
Wroclaw 弗羅茨瓦夫（波蘭西南部城市）
￡11m:讀做11 million pounds
brand 牌子=make
export v.& n. 出口
Explanation:
Para. 2
in spite of 不管
approach verb
▶MOVE TOWARDS◀ 接近
[intransitive and transitive] to move towards or nearer to someone or something
She heard footsteps approaching. 她聽見腳步聲越來(lái)越近。
▶ASK◀ 詢問(wèn)，接洽
[transitive] to ask someone for something, or ask them to do something, especially when you are asking them for the first time or when you are not sure if they will do it
approach somebody for something
Students should be able to approach teachers for advice. 學(xué)生可以找到老師詢問(wèn)建議。
approach somebody/something about (doing) something
The charity approached several stores about giving food aid. 這家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)與多家商店接洽，希望他們給與食物援助。
I have already been approached by several other companies (=offered a job, work etc). 已經(jīng)有幾家公司與我接洽。
▶DEAL WITH◀
[transitive] to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude
approach a problem/task/matter etc 解決，處理（問(wèn)題）
It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 處理相同問(wèn)題可以采用不同的解決辦法。
approach noun
▶METHOD◀
[countable] a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法
approach to
a new approach to teaching languages 一種新的語(yǔ)言教學(xué)方法
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling. 他決定采用一種不同方法，即通過(guò)講故事的方法來(lái)教授圣經(jīng)。
regulation and control 規(guī)范與控制
take somebody/something ↔ on phrasal verb
1 take somebody ↔ on
to start to employ someone 招募，雇用
We’re taking on 50 new staff this year. 我們今年招募了50名新員工。
2 take something ↔ on
to agree to do some work or be responsible for something 承擔(dān)工作或職責(zé)
Don’t take on too much work - the extra cash isn’t worth it. 不要給自己太多的工作量了，多掙的那些錢一點(diǎn)也不值。
3 take something ↔ on
to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
Her face took on a fierce expression. His life had taken on a new dimension.
responsibility n. 責(zé)任 （adj. responsible 后跟介詞for）
accountable 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)的（后跟介詞for）
department, division, section
Research and Development Department---Purchasing Department---Production Department (Manufacturing Department) (Maintenance Division)--- Warehousing---Distribution Department (Despatch Department) --Marketing Department---Advertising Department---Sales Department ----Customer Service Department
Personnel Department
Human Resources Department
Finance Department
Accounts Department
Administration Department
Explanation：
Para.3
bring somebody/something ↔ in phrasal verb
1 to introduce a new law 頒布一項(xiàng)新法律
Harsh anti-Trade Union laws were brought in in the early 1980s. 嚴(yán)厲的反工會(huì)法于80年代早期頒布。
2 to ask someone to become involved in a discussion or situation 聘請(qǐng)
I’d like to bring in Doctor Hall here and ask him his views. 我想聘請(qǐng)…博士來(lái)這里并詢問(wèn)他的意見。
The police were brought in to investigate the matter. 他們把警方請(qǐng)來(lái)，調(diào)查此事。
3 to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit 產(chǎn)生收益
The sale of the house only brought in about £45,000. 這棟房子只賣了4萬(wàn)5千英鎊。
4 to attract customers to a shop or business 吸引
We’ve got to bring in more business if we want the restaurant to survive. 我們?nèi)绻胍屵@家飯館繼續(xù)生存下去，我們就必須吸引更多人。
expatriate [countable] someone who lives in a foreign country
ￚexpatriate adjective [only before noun]移居國(guó)外的；
expatriate workers
British expatriates living in Spain
sales staff 銷售人員 （sales force）
force noun
▶MILITARY◀軍隊(duì)
air force空軍
armed forces 武裝部隊(duì)
▶MILITARY ACTION◀
[uncountable] military action used as a way of achieving your aims 武力
Peace cannot be imposed by force. 和平是不可能靠武力來(lái)強(qiáng)制實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
▶PHYSICAL POWER◀
[uncountable]the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing 力量
force of
The force of the explosion blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量將所有玻璃都沖擊碎了。
▶NATURAL POWER◀
[uncountable and countable] a natural power or event
the force of gravity 地心引力
▶ORGANIZED GROUP◀
[countable usually singular] a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job 一群人
the company’s sales force 公司的銷售人員
the quality of the teaching force 高水平的教師隊(duì)伍
task force
▶STRONG INFLUENCE◀
[countable] something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen 強(qiáng)勢(shì)人物或事情
the driving force (behind something/somebody) (=the person or thing that makes something happen) 驅(qū)動(dòng)力
Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project. 貝迪是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)起人。
a force for change/peace/democracy etc (=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen) 主張改變/和平/民主的力量
consultant [countable]咨詢?nèi)藛T
1 someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject
a management consultant
consultancy noun
plural consultancies
1 [countable] a company that gives advice on a particular subject 咨詢公司
a management consultancy
a consultancy firm
2 [uncountable] advice that a company is paid to provide 咨詢公司的建議
consultancy fees
work on somebody/something phrasal verb
1 to spend time working in order to produce or repair something 做某事
He has spent the last two years working on a book about childcare. 他用了兩年的時(shí)間撰寫了一本關(guān)于育兒的書籍。
Every weekend you see him working on his car. 每個(gè)周末你可以看見他修理自己的汽車。
2 to try very hard to improve or achieve something 努力改善或取得成績(jī)
A trainer has been brought in to work on her fitness. 她請(qǐng)來(lái)了一個(gè)培訓(xùn)師，幫她鍛煉身體。
work on doing something
We need to work on ensuring that the children feel safe and confident. 我們需要不斷努力確保孩子們感到安全和自信。
Explanation：
Para. 4
participant n. 參加者
*participate in sth. 參加
electric adjective驚人的；令人興奮的
making people feel very excited
The atmosphere in the courtroom was electric. 法庭里的氣氛令人振奮。
come up with something phrasal verb
1 to think of an idea, answer etc產(chǎn)生；發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法；答案）
We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)讓我們想出新主意。
2 informal to produce an amount of money 籌措錢
We wanted to buy the house but we couldn’t come up with the cash. 我們想要買這棟房子，但是我們已是籌措不到這筆錢。
throw light on something
to make something easier to understand by providing new information幫助說(shuō)明某事物；供給新知識(shí)
Recent investigations have thrown new light on how the two men died. 近的調(diào)查給解釋這兩個(gè)人的死因帶了新說(shuō)法。
*light n.見解
profit noun
[uncountable and countable]money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid 利潤(rùn)
ￚopposite loss
They sold their house at a healthy profit. 他們的房子賣了個(gè)高價(jià)錢。
The property company made a huge profit on the deal. 這家房地產(chǎn)公司在這次交易中賺了一大筆錢。
sell sth. at a profit (at a loss) 賺錢（賠本）出售某物
put somebody/something on phrasal verb
▶CLOTHES◀
put something ↔ on 穿衣服
to put a piece of clothing on your body
ￚopposite take off
▶ON SKIN◀ 化妝
put something ↔ on
to put make-up, cream etc on your skin
I’ve got to put this cream on twice a day.
▶MUSIC◀播放音樂(lè)
put something ↔ on
to put a record, tape, or CD into a machine and start playing it
She put on some music while they ate.
put on weight/12 lbs/4 kg etc
to become fatter and heavier 增重
ￚsynonym gain
Rosie’s put on five kilos since she quit smoking.
▶EVENT/CONCERT/PLAY ETC◀
put something ↔ on
to arrange for a concert, play etc to take place, or to perform in it 上演
One summer the children put on a play.
Explanation
Para. 5
workplace n. 工作場(chǎng)所[countable] the room, building etc where you work
in the workplace
a report into discrimination in the workplace 一份關(guān)于工作場(chǎng)所歧視問(wèn)題的報(bào)告
marketplace noun [countable]
1 the marketplace
the part of business activity that is concerned with buying and selling goods in competition with other companies 交流或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)所
Some retailers worry that new regulations will hurt their ability to compete in the marketplace. 一些零售商擔(dān)憂新的法規(guī)頒布后會(huì)損害它們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
2 an open area in a town where a market is held 集市
positive adj. 積極的；肯定的
accommodation n.
1 [uncountable] also accommodations American English a place for someone to stay, live, or work 住宿
The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation.這個(gè)度假的價(jià)格包括機(jī)票錢和住宿費(fèi)。
Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.
return n. 收益=pay-off
Explanation
Para. 6
form the basis of
monthly review
review [countable] a report on a series of events or a period of time, that mentions the most important parts 回顧報(bào)告
review of
a review of the year
measure somebody/something against somebody/something phrasal verb
to judge someone or something by comparing them with another person or thing 通過(guò)對(duì)比評(píng)價(jià)某人/某物
Measured against our budget last year, $2.7 million seems small. 與我們?nèi)ツ甑念A(yù)算相比，今年270萬(wàn)美元的預(yù)算就顯得數(shù)額太少了。
target n.目標(biāo) （同義詞：objective, goal和aim）
*set the target 制定目標(biāo)
Explanation
③Using the information in the article, complete sentences.
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. F
enthusiastic adjective
feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something熱心的；熱情洋溢的
enthusiastic about (doing) something
All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
(enthusiasm n. 熱心，熱愛)
*set up training courses
contribute verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in 捐助，捐獻(xiàn)
contribute to/towards
contribute something to/towards something
The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. 志愿人員奉獻(xiàn)自己的時(shí)間致力于這項(xiàng)工作。
2 [intransitive]to help to make something happen 導(dǎo)致
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses. 壓力是許多疾病致病因素。
contribute to
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US. 酒精飲品每年在美國(guó)會(huì)導(dǎo)致10萬(wàn)人死亡。
contribute substantially/significantly/greatly etc to something
3 [intransitive and transitive] to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazine 撰寫
*employ = bring in
④ Matching.
wait for decisions
take on responsibility
bring in a consultant
work on managerial skills
come up with ideas
put on discos
II. Arranging a course
①Reading a fax.
cosmetics n.化妝品 [plural]
creams, powders etc that you use on your face and body in order to look more attractive
cosmetic adjective
1 dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something
We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it.
2 intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive 美容的
the cosmetic industry 美容行業(yè)
cosmetic products 美容產(chǎn)品
Inc. 股份有限公司 (Incorporated)
*Co. = company
*Ltd. = limited
*Corp. = corporation n. 公司, 企業(yè), <美>有限公司,
*plc. = public limited company 上市公司
product launch 產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)
profile noun [countable]
▶HEAD◀
a side view of someone’s head 側(cè)面像
Dani has a lovely profile. 丹尼從側(cè)面看真漂亮。
▶DESCRIPTION◀
a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place簡(jiǎn)介；個(gè)性及生平的簡(jiǎn)要描述
a job profile 工作簡(jiǎn)介
3 high profile：something that is high profile is noticed by many people or gets a lot of attention 高知名度
The star has a high profile in Britain. 這位明星在英國(guó)擁有很高的知名度。
4 keep a low profile
to behave quietly and avoid doing things that will make people notice you 保持低調(diào)
5 raise somebody’s profile 提升知名度
if a person or an organization raises its profile, it gets more attention from the public
an advertising campaign designed to raise the bank’s profile 一個(gè)旨在提高銀行知名度的廣告
commence verb [intransitive and transitive] formal
to begin or to start something 開始，著手
Work will commence on the new building immediately. 新樓的開工將馬上進(jìn)行。
commence with
The course commences with a one week introduction to Art Theory. 這門課一開始時(shí)會(huì)有為期一周的藝術(shù)理論入門課。
commence doing something
The planes commenced bombing at midnight. 飛機(jī)在子夜24點(diǎn)時(shí)開始攻擊。
a survival course拓展課程
an assault course 體能訓(xùn)練課程
assault course noun [countable] British English
an area of land with special equipment to climb, jump over, run through etc that is used for developing physical strength, especially by soldiers
alternatively
seminar noun [countable] 研討課
1 a class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to study or discuss a particular subject
a Shakespeare seminar
2 a class on a particular subject, usually given as a form of training
Publishers and writers from 13 countries attended the seminar.
workshop noun [countable]
1 a room or building where tools and machines are used for making or repairing things 車間
2 a meeting at which people try to improve their skills by discussing their experiences and doing practical exercises 研討課
writers’/drama/music etc workshop
They held a number of workshops and seminars.
be of use (be of great use, be of great significance, be of great importance)
make better use of
attach vt. (=enclose) [transitive] to connect a document or file to an email so that you can send them together 粘貼
asap = as soon as possible
②Speaking------Making arrangements.
③Advertisement reading.
1.Executive Adventures Ltd
outdoor events
increase(raise) awareness of
complementary adjective互補(bǔ)的；互相補(bǔ)足的
1 complementary things go well together, although they are usually different
The computer and the human mind have different but complementary abilities.
overcome storms and crises (sing. crisis)
2.Team Management
expert 專家
expertise noun [uncountable] 專長(zhǎng)
special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
technical/financial/medical etc expertise
What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise. 他帶給公司的是金融方面的專長(zhǎng)。
demonstrate
dynamic noun
dynamics
a) [plural] the way in which things or people behave, react, and affect each other影響力
the dynamics of the family 家庭的影響力
He did research on group dynamics and leadership styles.
他從事團(tuán)隊(duì)影響力以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格的研究。
b) [uncountable] the science relating to the movement of objects and the forces involved in movement 動(dòng)力學(xué)
specialize verb [intransitive] to limit all or most of your study, business etc to a particular subject or activity 專長(zhǎng)于
specialize in
Simmons specialized in contract law. …擅長(zhǎng)合同法。
3.Melville
unique
in-company seminars
in-flight catering
in-house training
in-service training
board game n. 用棋盤玩的游戲
an indoor game played on a specially designed board made of thick card or wood (Chinese checkers中國(guó)跳棋)
simulate verb [transitive] 偽裝，假裝；模仿，模擬 to make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being real
a machine that simulates conditions in space 一臺(tái)模仿太空條件的機(jī)器
Interviews can be simulated in the classroom. 面試可以在教室中進(jìn)行模擬訓(xùn)練。
focus on
mania noun [uncountable and countable]
1 a strong desire for something or interest in something, especially one that affects a lot of people at the same time 強(qiáng)烈的愿望，狂熱
ￚ同義詞 craze
mania for
religious/football/disco etc mania
Keep-fit mania has hit some of the girls in the office. 健身熱潮已經(jīng)席卷了辦公室中很多女孩。
2 medical a serious mental illness 狂躁癥
III. Vocabulary Consolidation on Unit 1a (page 163)
IV. 便函寫作
一、什么是便函
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，便函就是指在同一家機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)從一個(gè)人或一個(gè)部門傳遞到另一個(gè)
人或部門的書面信息，內(nèi)容是要在當(dāng)天或近期內(nèi)所要辦理的事情。
二、便函寫作的格式
便函通常包含以下幾個(gè)部分：
1. 公司名稱；
2. 公司的電話號(hào)碼或傳真號(hào)碼；
3. 收函人姓名（和職位）To:
4. 留言人姓名（和職位）From:
5. 留言日期Date:
6. 便函主題Subject（Re）:
7. 正文
下面我們選擇兩則便函為例，結(jié)合我們剛剛講到的有關(guān)便函的知識(shí)，給大家做一個(gè)具體的講解。
例一：
Ace ElectronicsTel/Fax: 0525 228910
22/7/99
To: M. Jones
From: J. BanksI need to hire a car for the day to get me to the exhibition on 14th of next month. Can you book one? You can use my credit card. I don’t think it matters what kind of car it is, but I don’t want to pay more than $45.
例二：
MEMOTo:From:Re: Your enquiry of the 20th October… … … …
II. 便函寫作應(yīng)試技巧
一、題目要求
在考試時(shí)，題目中會(huì)給你一個(gè)特定的情景，同時(shí)會(huì)告訴給你要完成三項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)；題目中會(huì)有清楚的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，即40-50字，超出或少于這個(gè)字?jǐn)?shù)限制都會(huì)影響你的成績(jī)。
二、便函寫作的要求
簡(jiǎn)潔：不用寫許多空洞的客套話。內(nèi)容要直截了當(dāng)，開門見山。
完整：在用詞和造句時(shí)要用完整句，不能因?yàn)檫@是一種非正式文體的寫作就可以用縮略句，這些做法都是錯(cuò)誤的。
實(shí)用：寫出一條便函、便條、電子短信或留言，一定要有實(shí)用性。要少用空泛、含混的概念，而用具體、明確的詞匯和句子。交代給對(duì)方做的事情或通知對(duì)方的內(nèi)容一定要讓對(duì)方能夠易于操作，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地完成。
以上三點(diǎn)說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。下面我們就來(lái)演練一下。
請(qǐng)看下面題目：
You are Head of Research for an international car manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a colleague who works for a subsidiary.
Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretary.
telling her who you are going to see and when
asking her to book flight tickets and accommodation
telling her what work you would like her to do in your absence.
題目分析
Overall effect: The secretary would know where the Head of Research was going and when, and would understand she was required to book flights and accommodation, and what work she should do tomorrow.
參考答案：
參考答案一
To: Alice Hu, Personal Secretary
From: David Guan, Head of Research
Date: 1 May 2001
Subject*: Urgent trip to subsidiary company
I have to make an urgent trip tomorrow, 2nd May 2001, to visit Pireer Blanco. Please book flight tickets and accommodation. In my absence, I would like you to handle all matters that do not need my personal decisions. Please inform all relevant colleagues.
*subject=Re
參考答案二
To: Alice Hu, Personal Secretary
From: David Guan, Head of Research
Date: 1 May 2001
Subject: Urgent trip to French subsidiary
I’ll visit Pierre Blanco in Paris on 2 May 2001 in the afternoon. Please book me return flight tickets and accommodation at Hilton Hotel for my three-day visit. In my absence, you should schedule and then fax me the arrangements for next week.
V. Oral Practice
Training Opportunities
l How important is it to you to be offered opportunities for training in a job?
參考答案：
It’s very important because ongoing training can guarantee that employees have necessary skills to meet the requirements of the job.
l What do you think makes a training course effective?
參考答案：
First, a qualified and experienced teacher can make the course effective. A further factor is to satisfy staff needs.
(location, materials, audio-visual aids)
l How do you think employees should be selected to attend training courses?
參考答案：
All new staff should receive orientation programme to facilitate their job. For ongoing training, HR Department can carry out opinion surveys among staff to include as many staff as possible.
l Do you think employees should contribute towards the cost of training?
(Should employees pay some of the cost of their training?)