1) 分詞作狀語時,要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動詞的主語一致.否則,分詞必須有自己的主語,這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu),或叫獨立主格.在句中作狀語,表
示時間、原因、條件等.例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.
完成那個計劃后,他們休了兩周假.
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席,什么事也沒法干.
2) 獨立結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可以用"with/ without +名詞(或代詞的賓語)+ 分詞"的結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況.例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他們靜靜地坐在那里,眼睛看著湖面.
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的幫助,我感到很幸運.
5 . 容易混淆的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞
像 interesting 和 interested 一類的分詞在意義和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下區(qū)分:
( 1 )一部分表示"情感;心情"等意義的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有"令人……的;具有……性質(zhì)的"的意思,常用來說明人或事物的特征或性質(zhì).如:
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
( 2 )它們的過去分詞有"感到……的"的意思,用來指人的感覺或所處的狀態(tài),因而它的主語一般不可能是指物的詞.如:
He was too excited to fall asleep.
這類容易混淆的分詞常見的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等.
示時間、原因、條件等.例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.
完成那個計劃后,他們休了兩周假.
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席,什么事也沒法干.
2) 獨立結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可以用"with/ without +名詞(或代詞的賓語)+ 分詞"的結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況.例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他們靜靜地坐在那里,眼睛看著湖面.
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的幫助,我感到很幸運.
5 . 容易混淆的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞
像 interesting 和 interested 一類的分詞在意義和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下區(qū)分:
( 1 )一部分表示"情感;心情"等意義的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有"令人……的;具有……性質(zhì)的"的意思,常用來說明人或事物的特征或性質(zhì).如:
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
( 2 )它們的過去分詞有"感到……的"的意思,用來指人的感覺或所處的狀態(tài),因而它的主語一般不可能是指物的詞.如:
He was too excited to fall asleep.
這類容易混淆的分詞常見的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等.