邏輯的力量是指在進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)回答的過(guò)程中，通過(guò)用一些路標(biāo)詞或特定句型，使口語(yǔ)錄音在內(nèi)容上體現(xiàn)出清晰的邏輯層次感。根據(jù)新托?？谡Z(yǔ)官方評(píng)分細(xì)則，話(huà)題發(fā)展（Topic development）作為四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，具體考察的就是考生清楚陳述或組織語(yǔ)言的能力。
一、概念解釋
從交流角度出發(fā)，說(shuō)話(huà)者在發(fā)言的過(guò)程中使用的“信號(hào)彈”被證明能大大提高聽(tīng)者對(duì)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的理解或把握度。新托?？谡Z(yǔ)六個(gè)問(wèn)題的后四個(gè)都屬于綜合題（Integrated Speaking Tasks），能否對(duì)閱讀和聽(tīng)力材料的重要信息進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)述是評(píng)分的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。其中的Task4，是要求用聽(tīng)力中的具體例子來(lái)解釋閱讀中所涉及的某一抽象概念?？脊僭谠u(píng)分時(shí)，會(huì)以此為要求，著重關(guān)注考生是否在錄音中按要求完成了“解釋”這一任務(wù)。作為考生，當(dāng)然就要故意去釋放一些“信號(hào)彈”，引導(dǎo)考官快速理解自己的答案，識(shí)別出答案中符合要求的部分，進(jìn)而給出相應(yīng)得分，這才算是力氣用在了刀刃上。那么如何做到這一點(diǎn)，到底什么是信號(hào)彈？讀到這里，相信大家都已經(jīng)有了答案，那就是邏輯詞的使用，包括表示句與句之間讓步轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、舉例、解釋、條件、比較和對(duì)比等關(guān)系的詞。由此就產(chǎn)生出相應(yīng)的幾大狀語(yǔ)從句。需要提出的是，由于Task4話(huà)題會(huì)有不同，那么答題過(guò)程中用到各種狀語(yǔ)從句的概率也就不同，切不可一概而論。下面，通過(guò)兩個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的Task4考題實(shí)例，講解以上從句的用法，以此體現(xiàn)以狀語(yǔ)從句在新托?？谡Z(yǔ)答題中的重要作用。
For thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated. A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “l(fā)eader.”
聽(tīng)力材料：
So we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication . . . particularly animals that live together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example . . . in the wild, horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas—they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory. But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh, the antelope . . . which . . . well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season, OK—very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy—they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.
問(wèn)題：
The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
參考答案：
According to the lecture, herd animals can be easily domesticated if they have a hierarchical social structure and are not territorial, and that this is why it is easier to domesticate horses than antelopes. As in the example of horses, their hierarchical social structure makes them willing to follow one another and thus allows a human being to act as their leader. It is also because horses are not territorial that they can be harnessed together without fighting. By comparison, although antelopes are herd animals too, they cannot be easy to domesticate. As a matter of fact, male antelopes fight if they are together, which means they are territorial, and because antelopes do not have a social hierarchy, humans can’t control them by acting as their leader.
一、概念解釋
從交流角度出發(fā)，說(shuō)話(huà)者在發(fā)言的過(guò)程中使用的“信號(hào)彈”被證明能大大提高聽(tīng)者對(duì)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的理解或把握度。新托?？谡Z(yǔ)六個(gè)問(wèn)題的后四個(gè)都屬于綜合題（Integrated Speaking Tasks），能否對(duì)閱讀和聽(tīng)力材料的重要信息進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)述是評(píng)分的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。其中的Task4，是要求用聽(tīng)力中的具體例子來(lái)解釋閱讀中所涉及的某一抽象概念?？脊僭谠u(píng)分時(shí)，會(huì)以此為要求，著重關(guān)注考生是否在錄音中按要求完成了“解釋”這一任務(wù)。作為考生，當(dāng)然就要故意去釋放一些“信號(hào)彈”，引導(dǎo)考官快速理解自己的答案，識(shí)別出答案中符合要求的部分，進(jìn)而給出相應(yīng)得分，這才算是力氣用在了刀刃上。那么如何做到這一點(diǎn)，到底什么是信號(hào)彈？讀到這里，相信大家都已經(jīng)有了答案，那就是邏輯詞的使用，包括表示句與句之間讓步轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、舉例、解釋、條件、比較和對(duì)比等關(guān)系的詞。由此就產(chǎn)生出相應(yīng)的幾大狀語(yǔ)從句。需要提出的是，由于Task4話(huà)題會(huì)有不同，那么答題過(guò)程中用到各種狀語(yǔ)從句的概率也就不同，切不可一概而論。下面，通過(guò)兩個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的Task4考題實(shí)例，講解以上從句的用法，以此體現(xiàn)以狀語(yǔ)從句在新托?？谡Z(yǔ)答題中的重要作用。
For thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated. A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “l(fā)eader.”
聽(tīng)力材料：
So we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication . . . particularly animals that live together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example . . . in the wild, horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas—they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory. But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh, the antelope . . . which . . . well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season, OK—very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy—they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.
問(wèn)題：
The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
參考答案：
According to the lecture, herd animals can be easily domesticated if they have a hierarchical social structure and are not territorial, and that this is why it is easier to domesticate horses than antelopes. As in the example of horses, their hierarchical social structure makes them willing to follow one another and thus allows a human being to act as their leader. It is also because horses are not territorial that they can be harnessed together without fighting. By comparison, although antelopes are herd animals too, they cannot be easy to domesticate. As a matter of fact, male antelopes fight if they are together, which means they are territorial, and because antelopes do not have a social hierarchy, humans can’t control them by acting as their leader.