語法復習冠 詞

字號:

(一)考綱要求
     考綱規(guī)定,冠詞考查基本用法,包括定冠詞與不定冠詞,不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別;不用冠詞的情況;習語中的冠詞;特指與泛指等。
    (二)命題導向
    冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運用是高考命題的一個熱點,幾乎每年高考題的單項選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目,不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法,習慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點考查的知識點。
    (三)基本用法
     當代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞(即不用冠詞)三種。冠詞是一種虛詞,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定詞,放在名詞(或名詞化的形容詞分詞)前面,說明其所指的人或物。
     1、定冠詞的基本用法:
     ① 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
    ② 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.
    ③ 用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
    ④ 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如:the east, the right.
    ⑤ 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的級之前。如:the first, the tallest.
    ⑥ 用于形容詞之前,使其名詞化。如:the sick, the wounded.
    ⑦ 用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前。如:the United States, the United Nation.
    ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
    ⑨ 用于復數(shù)姓氏之前,表示"夫婦"或"全家"。如:The Smiths
    ⑩ 用于樂器的名詞前。如:play the piano; play the violin.
    ⑾ 發(fā)明物。如:The compass was invented in China.
    ⑿ 年代名詞前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
    ?、选」潭ㄔ~組中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
    2、不定冠詞的基本用法:
    ① 泛指一個。如:There is a book on the table.
    ② 指人或事物的某一種類。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
    ③ 指某一個人或事物,但不具體說明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
    ④ 用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前,表示"每一"。如:We have meals three times a day.(我們一天吃三餐。)
    ⑤ 表示同樣的。如:They are of an age.(他們是同歲。)
    ⑥ 表數(shù)量,相當于one,但語意較弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.
     ⑦ 使抽象名詞具體化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand譯"幫手")
     ⑧ 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word
    3、不用冠詞的情況:
    ① 表示總稱的復數(shù)名詞之前。如:Children love cartoons.(兒童喜歡卡通影片。)
    ② 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如:We are studying English.
    ③ 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
    ④ 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如:She likes spring most.
    ⑤ 呼語前不用冠詞。如:What shall I do next, Mother?
    ⑥ 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如:What did you have for lunch?
    ⑦ 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
    ⑧ 球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如:She is fond of playing basketball.
    ⑨ 在一些成對出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手); side by side(肩對肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨門挨戶); from beginning to end(從頭到尾); from morning till night(從早到晚)等。
    練習(一)、冠 詞
    1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通設施).
     A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
    2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
     A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
    3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
     A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
    4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
     A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
    5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
     A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
    6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
     A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
    7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
    8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
     A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
    9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
    10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
     A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
    11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
     A. a B. the C. another D. other
    12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
     A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
    13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
    14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
     A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
    15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
    16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
    17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
     A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
    18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
    19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
     A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
    20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
    A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
    21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
     A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the
    22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
     A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
    23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
     A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
    24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
    25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
    A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
    26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
    27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
    28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
     A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a
    29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
    30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
     A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
    練習(二)、冠 詞
    1. ---You mean you know the man?  ---I know________ man exactly like him.
      A. other   B. the   C. /   D. a
    2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
      A. a, /   B. the, /   C. a, the  D. the, the
    3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
    ---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
      A. a, a   B. the, a   C. /, /   D. /, a
    4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
      A. a,/, the   B. a,/, /   C. the, the, the  D. the, an, an
    5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
      A. the, the   B. the, /   C. the, a  D. /, a
    6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
      A. /, /   B. his, his   C. the, the  D. an, his
    7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
      A. the, /   B. /, /   C. /, a   D. the, the
    8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.
      A. a, the   B. a, /   C. the, a  D. the, the
    9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
      A. the, the, the  B. a, the, a   C. the, a, the  D. the, the, a
    10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
      A. the, a   B. /, /   C. a, a  D. /, a
    11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
      A. the, a   B. a, a   C. the, /   D. the, /
    12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
      ---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
      A. a, a   B. a, the   C. the, a   D. the, the
    13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
      A. /, /   B. the, the   C. a, /   D./, the
    14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
      ---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.
      A. a, a   B. the, the   C. a, the  D. the, a
    15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
      A. a, the, the   B. a,/,the   C. /,/,the   D. /,/,a
    16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
      A. an, a   B. /, the   C. the, a   D. the, /
    17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
      ---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
      A. a, a   B. the, a   C. a, /   D. the, /
    18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
      A. the, the   B. a, a   C. a, /   D. the, /
    19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
      A. the, a   B. /, the   C. /, /   D. the, /
    20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
      A. /, a   B. the, /   C. /, the   D. the, the
    21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight.   ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
      A. the dress   B. a dress   C. dress   D. the dresses
    22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition?  ---Oh, it was ____ success.
      A. How, really a B. What, great   C. How, /   D. What, quite a
    23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
      A. /,/,the   B. a,/,/   C. a, the,/  D. /,the, the
    24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday?    ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
      A. /, the, a   B. a, /, the   C. a, a, the   D. a, the, the
    25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
      A. /, /   B. /, a   C. the, /   D. /, the
    26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
      ---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
      A. a, the   B. the, a   C. the, the   D. a, a
    27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
      A. a, a   B. /, /   C. a, the   D. a, /
    28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
      A. a, the   B. a, /   C. the, an  D. the, the
    29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
      A. /, /   B. a, a   C. the, /  D. the, the
    30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
      ---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.
      A. the, the, /   B. the, the, a   C. /, the, a  D. /, the, /
    31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
      A./;  B. a  C. the  D. one
    32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
      A./;/  B. the ; the  C. the; /  D./;the ( MET1991 11)
    33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
     A./; /  B. the; the  C. the; /  D./; the ( MET1992 36)
    34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
     A. the ; the  B./; /  C. the; /  D./; the (MET 1993 19)
    35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
      A. the; the  B. the ; /  C. a; /  D. a ; the (NMET1994 20)
    36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
      A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the (NMET1994 23)
    37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
      A. a; /  B. the; an  C. the; the  D./;the (NMET 1996 13)
    38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
      A. the ; /  B. the; the  C./; the  D./; /(NMET 1999 8)
    39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .
    A.90s; their  B. the 90s; /  C.90s; / D. the 90s; their(1999.上海 6)
    40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
      A. the; a  B./; a  C. the ; the  D./; the (NMET2000 10)
    41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
     ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
      A. a; the  B. the; the  C. the ; a  D. a; a
    42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
      A./; a  B. the; /  C./; /  D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)
    43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)
      A. a; the  B. the ;不填  C. the; the  D. was killing
    44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
      A./;the  B./;an  C. an; an  D. the; the
    45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.  ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.
      A. the, the   B. /, the   C. the, /   D. /, a
    語法復習十九:冠 詞
    練習一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA
    26~30 DCBBA
    練習二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB
    26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB