短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動詞＋介詞
常見的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞＋副詞
常見的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞＋副詞＋介詞
常見的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞＋名詞＋介詞
常見的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞＋形容詞
常見的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞＋名詞
常見的有 take place, make friends 等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7) 辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確 uot；give away 意為"分發(fā)"；lay up"貯藏"。
例2. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3. ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞 write 為例。
式｜語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
進行式 to be writing
完成進行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等詞后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8)"疑問詞＋不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9) 不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
(10) 不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11) too … to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂意去。)
(12) 主動表被動。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II. 例題
例1. I haven't got a chair ____.
A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting
解析：該題選C。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定語，修飾名詞 chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此處 on 不能省略。
例2. He was made ____. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go
解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。
例3. A new factory is ____ very soon.
A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to building
解析：該題選A。is to be built 意為"將要被建。
相關(guān)聯(lián)系題
1 -Have you got some water to drink?
-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
4 -How many children ____ in the picture?
-Three.
A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there
5 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.
A. were B. has been C. / D. was
6 Most of our earth____ covered by water.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
7 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
8. Neither___right.
A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't
9. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.
A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown
10. There ____ many people running in the park every morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. have
11. These police often___the children across the street.
A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping
12. ___ going to England by air next week.
A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are
C. The Green's family are D. Green family are
13. The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all
14. Our class ___ big.
A. is B. are C. were D. will
15. Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
16. Either you or he ____ right.
A. are B. is C. does D. were
17. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.
A. is B. are C. is not D. are not
18. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.
A. is B. was C. are D. has
19. Physics ___ interesting to us.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
20 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
21. Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
參考答案：
C D A D D B A C C C A A D A C B A C C B D
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動詞＋介詞
常見的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞＋副詞
常見的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞＋副詞＋介詞
常見的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞＋名詞＋介詞
常見的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞＋形容詞
常見的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞＋名詞
常見的有 take place, make friends 等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7) 辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確 uot；give away 意為"分發(fā)"；lay up"貯藏"。
例2. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3. ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞 write 為例。
式｜語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
進行式 to be writing
完成進行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等詞后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8)"疑問詞＋不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9) 不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
(10) 不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11) too … to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂意去。)
(12) 主動表被動。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II. 例題
例1. I haven't got a chair ____.
A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting
解析：該題選C。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定語，修飾名詞 chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此處 on 不能省略。
例2. He was made ____. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go
解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。
例3. A new factory is ____ very soon.
A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to building
解析：該題選A。is to be built 意為"將要被建。
相關(guān)聯(lián)系題
1 -Have you got some water to drink?
-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
4 -How many children ____ in the picture?
-Three.
A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there
5 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.
A. were B. has been C. / D. was
6 Most of our earth____ covered by water.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
7 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
8. Neither___right.
A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't
9. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.
A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown
10. There ____ many people running in the park every morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. have
11. These police often___the children across the street.
A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping
12. ___ going to England by air next week.
A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are
C. The Green's family are D. Green family are
13. The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all
14. Our class ___ big.
A. is B. are C. were D. will
15. Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
16. Either you or he ____ right.
A. are B. is C. does D. were
17. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.
A. is B. are C. is not D. are not
18. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.
A. is B. was C. are D. has
19. Physics ___ interesting to us.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
20 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
21. Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
參考答案：
C D A D D B A C C C A A D A C B A C C B D