2010中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)1詞法形容詞副詞
四、 形容詞、副詞
(一) 知識(shí)概要
形容詞的用法很活躍，在英語(yǔ)中用處也很多，但英語(yǔ)中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)和詞組有時(shí)不同，要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。英語(yǔ)中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、級(jí)之分，其規(guī)則如下：
構(gòu)詞法 原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 級(jí) 加er，或est Tall
young taller
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或st nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音 字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)該字母加er、est big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞：
原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 級(jí)
good better best
Well better best
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
many more most
most more most
little less lest
far farther
further
farthest
furthest
old older
elder
oldest
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過(guò)一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞，其規(guī)律如下：
構(gòu)詞法 形容詞 副 詞
一般加ly Careful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加ly Happy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其 他 true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要注意其變化。
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修飾級(jí)的有：the very, much the, far等。
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］ The young likes playing football very much.
［正］ The young like playing football very much.
［析］ 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類(lèi)人，應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。
［誤］ The danger has gone, so the worst are over.
［正］ The danger has gone, so the worst is over.
［析］ 意為："危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過(guò)去，最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加級(jí)形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。
［誤］ It is the gold age of the young.
［正］ It is the golden age of the young.
［析］ golden在英語(yǔ)中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金發(fā)，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的，如：a gold bar金條，a gold coin金幣，但gold fish 金魚(yú)例外。
［誤］ She is a warm heart woman.
［正］ She is a warmhearted woman.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加ed構(gòu)成，如：warmhoarted 熱心腸的，whitehaired 白毛的
［誤］ There is an alive fish in the pool.
［正］ There is a living fish in the pool.
［析］ 在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開(kāi)頭的形容詞一般不能作定語(yǔ)，只能作表語(yǔ)。如：The fish is alive.(魚(yú)還活著)這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。
［誤］ The ill man nearly died.
［正］ The sick man nearly died.
［析］ ill一般不作定語(yǔ)來(lái)形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表語(yǔ)時(shí)則都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運(yùn))，ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)
［誤］ I have important something to tell you.
［正］ I have something important to tell you.
［析］ 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to tell you.
［誤］ I'll be free on next Sunday.
［正］ I'll be free next Sunday.
［析］ 在表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。
［誤］ The girl is twoyear old.
［正］ The girl is two years old.
［正］ She is a twoyearold girl
［析］ 由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn)，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：twothousandword report(兩千字的報(bào)告)；其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，即用于名詞之前，而不能作表語(yǔ)。
［誤］ The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.
［正］ The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.
［析］ 在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序如下。
1. 指示代詞，定冠詞 2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質(zhì)詞 4. 大小 5. 形狀 6. 老少，新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材料
但要注意的是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。
如： What a pretty little white horse!
Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand.
［誤］ The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.
［正］ The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.
［析］ good是形容詞，這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的，所以應(yīng)用副詞well，但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如：He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個(gè)好人)。
［誤］ The children play on the grass nappyly.
［正］ The children play on the grass happily
［析］ 多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.
［誤］ The teacher looked angry at the students.
［正］ The teacher looked angrily at the students.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞，這時(shí)它是修飾主語(yǔ)的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來(lái)很香。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來(lái)很生氣。 而此句的意思為："老師生氣地看著學(xué)生"，所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。
［誤］ He worked with me friendly.
［正］ He was friendly to me.
［析］ 不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞，但friendly是形容詞，這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely, lonely, costly, lively…monthly weekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthly…
［誤］ You can speak free in front of your friends.
［正］ You can speak freely in front of your friends.
［析］ free作為形容詞意為"自由的，有空閑的，免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的，隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有：hard 努力，艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲，晚lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎like 像 likely 幾乎
［誤］ They must have arrived till now.
［正］ They must have arrived by now.
［析］ by now是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而till now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。must have+過(guò)去分詞是對(duì)過(guò)去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。
［誤］ Someone called you right now.
［正］ Someone called you just now.
［析］ just now有兩個(gè)意思，其一是"剛才"，其二是"現(xiàn)在"，而right now只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.
［誤］ My father will be back from America at present.
［正］ My father will be back from America presently.
［析］ presently有兩個(gè)意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語(yǔ)中是現(xiàn)在之意，與at present相同。而for the present為暫時(shí)，如： I teach English in the school for the present.
［誤］ I'll be back at the moment.
［正］ I'll be back in a moment.
［析］ at the moment 其意為"現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)時(shí)"，而in a moment意為"馬上過(guò)一會(huì)"，與in a minute意思相近。
［誤］ The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.
［正］ The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.
［析］ on time為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)"，而in time有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)"，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是"將來(lái)，終究"。
［誤］ I met an old friend sometimes last month.
［正］ I met an old friend sometime last month.
［析］ Sometime 過(guò)去，或者將來(lái)某時(shí)。Sometimes 有時(shí)
如： Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些時(shí)間
如： I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 幾次
如： I went to Shanghai sometimes this month.
at times 有時(shí)，偶爾
at all times 經(jīng)常
some other time 改天
［誤］ I had met an old friend three days ago.
［正］ I had met an old friend three days before.
［正］ I met an old friend three days ago.
* ago 用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中時(shí)，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，而before用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
［誤］ He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam.
［正］ He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam.
［析］ in the end＝at last 意為"最終，終于"，表達(dá)經(jīng)過(guò)若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而at the end是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。
［誤］ I will come here to help you each three days.
［正］ I will come here to help you every three days.
［析］ every three days 為"每三天"，即每隔二天，而every other day為每隔一天。
［誤］ He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. and I didn't go, too.
［正］ He didn't go to the cinema yesterday and I didn't go either.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中表示"也"，有4個(gè)字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與as well一般要用在句尾，而also則可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： I've also read her other novels.
［誤］ We should help the poor girl in anyway.
［正］ We should help the poor girl in any way.
［析］ anyway為"不管怎么"講，"無(wú)論如何"，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt.
any way 為"任何方式"。這種常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中，如：
everyday 日常的 every day 每天
faraway 遙遠(yuǎn)的 far away 遠(yuǎn)離
altogether 總計(jì) all together 一塊，大家一起
already 已經(jīng) all ready 全準(zhǔn)備好了
［誤］ You can come to the doctor's at anytime.
［正］ You can come to the doctor's at any time.
［析］ anytime 是副詞 而any time中的time是名詞。
［誤］ She said nearly nothing.
［正］ She said almost nothing.
［析］ nearly 與 almost的含意相近，在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換，但在否定詞前用almost。
［誤］ There are too much mistakes in your homework.
［正］ There are too many mistakes in your homework.
［析］ too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可數(shù)名詞，much too 后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.
［誤］ It is late enough that we can go home now.
［正］ It is late enough for us to go home now.
［析］ 要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for somebody to do something。
［誤］ The twins are very alike.
［正］ The twins are much alike.
［析］ 用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾，一般要用much來(lái)修飾。
［誤］ - How long does he write to his parents?
- Once a week.
［正］ - How often does he write to his parents?
- Once a week.
［析］ 英文與中文表達(dá)法不同，隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事，實(shí)際上問(wèn)的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用how often。
［誤］ As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you.
［正］ As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up.
［析］ 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后，如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。如：I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以講： Please turn the TV on.
［誤］ He drove quickly his new car.
［正］ He drove his new car quickly.
［析］ 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. ② 在be動(dòng)詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. ③ 第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. ④ 在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是無(wú)論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間，如果是賓語(yǔ)從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞
詞組作賓語(yǔ)則才可以這樣用：
He heard clearly what the teacher said.
［誤］ The children came late yesterday to the cinema.
［正］ The children came late to the cinema yesterday.
［析］ 表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。
［誤］ You have few new books, haven't you?
［正］ you have few new books, have you?
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少，幾乎沒(méi)有)，a few(有一些，幾個(gè))；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle (很少，幾乎沒(méi)有)，a little(有一點(diǎn)，有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
［誤］ He spent quite little money on his food.
［正］ He spent quite a little money on his food.
［析］ quite a 為一固定用法，其意為"十分，相當(dāng)，所以"。 quite a few＝many, quite a little＝much 而only a little＝little, only a few=few.
［誤］ Do you want to have many bread?
［正］ Do you want to have some bread?
［析］ some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用some。 其次是some 可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
［誤］ Please tell me where the shoes shop is?
［正］ Please tell me where the shoe shop is.
［析］ 在用名詞作修飾詞來(lái)修飾另一名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，如：
a shoe shop 鞋店
a fruit shop 水果店
a book shop 書(shū)店
a post office 郵局
a police station 警察局
a bus stop 汽車(chē)站
［誤］ He is weak at physics.
［正］ He is weak in physics.
［析］ 在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用be good at something, 而其反意詞為be bad at something， 但be weak in something。
［誤］ This dictionary is worth to buy.
［正］ This dictionary is worth buying.
［析］ be worth 后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事，又可接價(jià)格、金錢(qián)表示值多少錢(qián)。
［誤］ Don't afraid of that.
［正］ Don't be afraid of that.
［析］ afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有：
be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心
be certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信
be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡
be fond of 喜歡
［誤］ The work has already been done well.
［正］ The work has already been well done.
［析］ well 與badly作副詞時(shí)，表示好壞，如果句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則應(yīng)放在過(guò)去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did my homework well.
［誤］ We are yet in the classroom now.
［正］ We are already in the classroom now.
［析］ already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，如：
Did you finish it? No. not yet.
［誤］ Look. Here comes he!
［正］ Look! Here he comes!
［誤］ Look! Here the bus comes!
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!
［析］ 在句子開(kāi)頭用Here時(shí)，如主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞則要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
［誤］ She is my older sister.
［正］ She is my elder sister.
［析］ elder 和eldest是用來(lái)指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，而older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.
［誤］ I'm tired. I can't go further.
［正］ I'm tired. I can't go farther.
［析］ far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí) farther 較遠(yuǎn)的，further 進(jìn)一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)級(jí)。farthest和furthest.
［誤］ I went to Beijing University five years before.
［正］ I went to Beijing University five years ago.
［析］ ago常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用，而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。
［誤］ - Have you finished your homework?
- No, not already.
［正］ - Have you finished your homework?
- No, not yet.
［析］ 仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而still則常用于主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間，如：We still can't decide what to do. 但也有時(shí)用于be 動(dòng)詞之后，如：He is still here.
［誤］ He is very higher than I am.
［正］ He is much higher than I am.
［析］ much可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，而very則用來(lái)修飾形容詞原級(jí)，如：I'm very tired.
［誤］ - Can I walk to the station?- You'd better not. It is very far.
［正］ - Can I walk to the station?
- You'd better not, It is a long way.
［析］ for一般用在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.
［誤］ I've ever been to America.
［正］ I've been to America once.
［析］ once 多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句，及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如：Have you ever been to London?
［誤］ - Could you pass the exam this time?
- No, I am not afraid so.
［正］ - Could you pass the exam this time?
- No, I'm afraid not.
［析］ 在肯定的答語(yǔ)中我們可以用so來(lái)代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答語(yǔ)中，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，I don't think so 而在hope, belive 與 afraid后則常用not， 如：I hope not.
［誤］ She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［正］ She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［析］ enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。
［誤］ You can't be very careful.
［正］ You can't be too careful.
［析］ 此句話(huà)的含意是你如何小心也不過(guò)分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對(duì)我來(lái)講是太貴了。
［誤］ He is good past fifty.
［正］ He is well past fifty.
［析］ well 作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地"，等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議；
He is well.
He is good.
其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法，只不過(guò)其含意不同。He is well是"他身體不錯(cuò)"，而He is good 則為"他是個(gè)好人"。
［誤］ She is not as half clever as her brother.
［正］ She is not half as clever as her brother.
［析］ 在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置于第一個(gè)as之前。
［誤］ He is same age as Tom.
［正］ He is the same age as Tom.
［析］ the same…as是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。
［誤］ Mother and her daughter are exactly like.
［正］ Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.
* like 作為介詞，其意為"像"，應(yīng)用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加賓語(yǔ)。而 alike 是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 僅作表語(yǔ)而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。
［誤］ Who is taller of the two?
［正］ Who is the taller of the two?
［析］ 兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。
［誤］ I have less books than Tom.
［正］ I have fewer books than Tom.
［析］ less 是 little的比較級(jí)，而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。
［誤］ There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.
［正］ There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.
［析］ 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用級(jí)。
［誤］ The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.
［正］ The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.
［析］ as…as的用法要注意的是：①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可加比較級(jí)，也有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.
［誤］ The harder you study, and you can learn more.
［正］ The harder you study, the more you can learn.
［析］ 英文中如果要表達(dá)越來(lái)越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法：①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形容詞，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.
［誤］ Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.
［正］ Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.
［析］ 在作比較時(shí)，英語(yǔ)一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞，應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞，用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.
［誤］ The girl is more cleverer than the boy.
［正］ The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.
［析］ clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處，如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)其誠(chéng)實(shí)。)
［析］ The boy is the tallest to the three.
［正］ The boy is the tallest of the three.
［析］ 級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。
［誤］ This book is one of the most useful dictionary.
［正］ This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.
［析］ 在one of 后面級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
［誤］ This dictionary is the much best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.
［正］ This dictionary is much the best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.
［析］ 在修飾級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用 far/by far/much 加the加級(jí)。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.
［誤］ Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.
［正］ Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
［析］ 在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用any other其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。
［誤］ Most of stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most of the stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most stories in this book are written in English.
［析］ "大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有most of the +名詞，或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后面的定冠詞不可少。
［誤］ The temperature of that room is higher than this room.
［正］ The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.
［析］ 比較級(jí)用于兩句話(huà)之間時(shí)，比較的部分不可省略掉，但為了避免重復(fù)，一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞，而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。
［誤］ He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.
［正］ He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.
［析］ no more在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多譯為："從此再也不會(huì)了"，如：His voice is no more here. 他已經(jīng)去世了，他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用no longer 表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意：This room is no cleaner than that one.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈) This room is not cleaner than that one,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈，一間不干凈。)
(三) 例題解析
1 I think Chinese is ＿＿＿ than maths.
Ａ. interesting B more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
［答案］ B.
［析］ 在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。
2 - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing?
- Singing. of course. She's known to ＿＿＿ it.
A. be good at B. be good for
C. be bad at D. be bad for
［答案］ A.
［析］ be good at為固定搭配，意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語(yǔ)中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for
3 The Huang He River is one of ＿＿＿ in China.
A. The long river B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers D. the longer river
［答案］ C.
［析］ 在one of + 定冠詞+級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4 The girl was ＿＿＿ afraid ＿＿＿ she threw her bag away.
A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to
［答案］ A.
［析］ so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形，而不是從句。
5 It was ＿＿＿ yesterday than today.
A. hot B. hoter
C. hotter D. the hottest
［答案］ C.
［析］ 用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí) 。
6 Which subject do you like ＿＿＿ , English Chinese or maths?
A. best B. well
C. better D. good
［答案］ A.
［析］ 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，而在三者之間或三者以上用級(jí)。
7 None of the students watched it ＿＿＿ .
A. careful enough B. enough carefully
C. carefully enough D. enough careful
［答案］ C.
［析］ 首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來(lái)修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。
8 ＿＿＿ she eats, ＿＿＿ she'll be.
A. More…fat B. The more…fatter
C. More…the fatter D. The more…the fatter
［答案］ D.
［析］ the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越……"本句應(yīng)譯為：她吃得越多，她就會(huì)越胖。
9 I don't think English is ＿＿＿ Chinese.
A. as important as B. not important as
C. not so important D. important as
［答案］ A.
［析］ think+賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式，如：中文講，"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)"，英文應(yīng)為："我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。 I don't think you are right. 所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。
10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ＿＿＿ English.A. are interested in B. are interesting in
C. are interested at D. are interesting to
［答案］ A.
［析］ 過(guò)去分詞常用來(lái)修飾人，而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來(lái)修飾物，如：an interesting book， 實(shí)際上過(guò)去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意，如：interested 其含意是"被……所吸引，感動(dòng)"。而interesting 則為"使人感興趣的"，如：an interesting man 一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。
11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ＿＿＿ .
A. alone B. lonely
C. happily D. friendly
［答案］ B.
［析］ alone意為"獨(dú)自的，一個(gè)人的"，它只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意為"寂寞的，孤單的"，如：The old man felt lonely. 要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別，如：The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.
12 What a ＿＿＿ cough! You seem ＿＿＿ ill.
A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible
C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly
［答案］ A.
［析］ terrible是形容詞，而terribly是副詞，第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的，所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞，這里terribly 是用來(lái)修飾ill的。
13 The two friends were ＿＿＿ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too
C. very D. much
［答案］ A.
［析］ 這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。
14 Which is ＿＿＿ , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?
A. heavy B. heavier
C. more heavier D. the heaviest
［答案］ B.
［析］ 兩者之間用比較級(jí)，三者或以上用級(jí)。
15 You don't like the same colours and I don't like them, ＿＿＿ .
A. too B. also
C. either D. neither
［答案］ C.
［析］ 在否定句中也應(yīng)用either, 而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。
16 Jim is ＿＿＿ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ＿＿＿ in the exams.
A. well, good B. good, well
C. well, well D. good, good
［答案］ B.
［析］ good為形容詞，如：He is good. 他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞，如：He is well為他身體不錯(cuò)，而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞，如：He speaks English well.
17 You look ＿＿＿ than before， why?
A. more thin B. more thinner
C. much more thin D. much thinner
［答案］ D.
［析］ 多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來(lái)表示其比較級(jí)或級(jí)，而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。
18 Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ＿＿＿ .
A. hungry B. angry
C. tired D. thirsty
［答案］ A.
［析］ hungry-餓，angry-生氣，tired-緊，疲勞，thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。
19 - Can you understand me?
- Sorry, I can ＿＿＿ understand you.
A. hardly B. almost
C. even D. ever
［答案］ A.
［析］ hardly為一否定詞，用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語(yǔ)中Sorry決定了其意為"聽(tīng)不明白"，所以只能選 hardly。
20 "＿＿＿ do you write to your penfriend?"
"About twice a month."
A. How often B. How soon
C. How much D. How long
［答案］ A.
［析］ how often用來(lái)提問(wèn)某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次，也就是提問(wèn)發(fā)生的頻率。how soon是問(wèn)從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。
21 Changjiang River is ＿＿＿ river in China
A. long B. longer
C. longest D. the longest
［答案］ D.
22 I'll work ＿＿＿ I can.
A. so hardly as B. so hard as
C. as hardly as D. as hard as
［答案］ D.
［析］ hard可用作形容詞和副詞，如：The desk was made of hard wood 又如：It is raining hard。 而 hardly 是副詞，其詞義是"幾乎不"，如：Hardly did I sleep last night. 我昨晚幾乎沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。as…as即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但so…as則只能用于否定句中。
23 It is very ＿＿＿ to listen to him.
A. interested B. interesting
C. interested in D. interest
［答案］ B.
［析］ interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義，①興趣，②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞 interesting是"使人感興趣的"，而interested是"感興趣的"如：He is interested in English.
24 Things are ＿＿＿ worse than I thought.
A. more B. few
C. very D. much
［答案］ D.
［析］ 只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。
25 It is one o'clock, but her father hasn't come back ＿＿＿ .
A. already B. still
C. too D. yet
［答案］ D.
［析］ 完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet， 而already則用于肯定句。
26 Comrade Chen is ＿＿＿ older than I.
A. very B. more
C. much D. quite
［答案］ C.
［析］ 只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)?？梢孕揎棻容^級(jí)的詞還有much, far, even a little, by far等。
27 She did her homework ＿＿＿ .
A. carefully B. careful
C. care D. careless
［答案］ A.
［析］ 這里應(yīng)填入副詞，而careless是由care加less后輟得來(lái)的，less意為"沒(méi)有"，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-無(wú)家可歸。而carefully為副詞。
28 They can't answer the question in Japanese; we can't answer it, ＿＿＿ .A. also B. too
C. either D. neither
［答案］ C.
29 - How are your parents?
- They are very ＿＿＿ , thank you.
A. good B. kind
C. well D. happy
［答案］ C.
［析］ 由問(wèn)句得知其詢(xún)問(wèn)的是身體如何，所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。30 Peter runs ＿＿＿ in our class.
A. the fast B. faster
C. fastest D. most fast
［答案］ C.
［析］ 副詞的級(jí)前可以加定冠詞，也可以不加定冠詞。
31 We were all ＿＿＿ glad that we sang and danced.
A. such B. so
C. very D. quite
［答案］ B.
［析］ 在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。
32 Kate sings ＿＿＿ Joan.
A. as well as B. as good as
C. so good as D. as better as
［答案］ A.
［析］ 這里well為副詞，意為"唱得好"。
33 This egg smells ＿＿＿ , though it looks all right.
A. good B. well
C. bad D badly
［答案］ C.
［析］ smell為系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加形容詞，而不是副詞。同樣的詞，還有sound， feel, seem、become(變成)等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.
34 Wait a minute, I have ＿＿＿ to tell you.
A. something interested B. something interesting
C. interesting something D. anything interesting
［答案］ B.
［析］ 修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。
35 I shall visit you ＿＿＿ next year.
A. sometimes B. sometime
C. some time D. some times
［答案］ B.
［析］ sometimes 有時(shí)，sometime 某一時(shí)刻，some time 一段時(shí)間， some times 若干次
36 My sister said she would try to speak ＿＿＿ English every day.
A. a little B. a few
C. litttle D. few
［答案］ A.
［析］ little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a little意為"一些，一點(diǎn)"。
37 I have ＿＿＿ friends here and I often visit them.
A. few B. little
C. a few D. a little
［答案］ C.
［析］ a few意為"有些"，few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
38 Of all these books, do you think, which one is ＿＿＿ ?
A. interesting B. much interesting
C. more interesting D. the most interesting
［答案］ D.
［析］ Of all these books 是用來(lái)表示級(jí)的范圍