代 詞
知識(shí)梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)!
一、 代詞的分類英語(yǔ)中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無(wú)主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。
二、 代詞的用法
1. 人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示"我" "你" "他" "我們" "你們" "他們"。請(qǐng)看下表:
數(shù)
格
人 稱
單 數(shù)
復(fù) 數(shù)
主 格
賓 格
主 格
賓 格
第一人稱
we
me
we
us
第二人稱
you
you
you
you
第三人稱
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
(1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如:She is my English teacher.
(2) 賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:They don't want me to go there alone.
Don't worry. I can look after her.
(3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語(yǔ)中。例如:--- Who's that? --- It's me.
注意:①人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來(lái)表示一般人。例如:
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。
②人稱代的主格作表語(yǔ),一般都在正中的談話中, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。
③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國(guó)、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如:
The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時(shí)她第一次去波士頓。
We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó),我們希望她越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。
④It作為人稱代詞時(shí),可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。 例如:
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。
⑤It 還可用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),來(lái)代替由不定式,動(dòng)詞的-ing,形式或主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英語(yǔ)里當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí),人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2.物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。
詞 義
類 型
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我們的
你們的
他/她/它們的
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名 詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
(1) 形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語(yǔ), 后面跟名詞。例如:
To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征, 在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。例如:
May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語(yǔ))
Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語(yǔ))
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
(3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用, 作定語(yǔ)。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3.反身帶詞:用來(lái)表示"某人自己"的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示:
詞 義
數(shù)
我(們)自己
你(們)自己
他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己
單 數(shù)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
復(fù) 數(shù)
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。例如:
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語(yǔ))
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
You'd better ask your wife herself. (賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
(2) 反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,例如:
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc
4.指示代詞:表示時(shí)間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見(jiàn)下表
這,這個(gè)
那,那個(gè)
這些
那些
this
that
these
those
this that these those
指示代詞可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如:
Those are my parents. ( 作主語(yǔ))
Throw it like that. (作表語(yǔ))
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語(yǔ))
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語(yǔ))
注意:(1)前面剛剛提到過(guò)的東西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文將要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起啟下的作用。 例如:
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5.疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞叫疑問(wèn)代詞。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
作主語(yǔ): What make you so happy?
作賓語(yǔ): Who / Whom is your manager talking with?
在口語(yǔ)中, 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) who和whom可以通用,但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如:
About whom they are talking just now?
作定語(yǔ): Which subject do you like best?
作表語(yǔ): What's your mother.
6.相互代詞:用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如:
We should help each
other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代詞后可以加's,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如:
We put the presents in each other's stocking.
7.連接代詞: 用來(lái)連接賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如:
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?
8. 不定代詞:不定代詞沒(méi)有確定的對(duì)象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。
不定代詞通常可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ), 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語(yǔ),no和every 只能做定語(yǔ)。
代詞
many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞,much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
知識(shí)梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)!
一、 代詞的分類英語(yǔ)中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無(wú)主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。
二、 代詞的用法
1. 人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示"我" "你" "他" "我們" "你們" "他們"。請(qǐng)看下表:
數(shù)
格
人 稱
單 數(shù)
復(fù) 數(shù)
主 格
賓 格
主 格
賓 格
第一人稱
we
me
we
us
第二人稱
you
you
you
you
第三人稱
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
(1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如:She is my English teacher.
(2) 賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:They don't want me to go there alone.
Don't worry. I can look after her.
(3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語(yǔ)中。例如:--- Who's that? --- It's me.
注意:①人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來(lái)表示一般人。例如:
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。
②人稱代的主格作表語(yǔ),一般都在正中的談話中, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。
③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國(guó)、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如:
The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時(shí)她第一次去波士頓。
We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó),我們希望她越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。
④It作為人稱代詞時(shí),可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。 例如:
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。
⑤It 還可用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),來(lái)代替由不定式,動(dòng)詞的-ing,形式或主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英語(yǔ)里當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí),人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2.物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。
詞 義
類 型
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我們的
你們的
他/她/它們的
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名 詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
(1) 形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語(yǔ), 后面跟名詞。例如:
To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征, 在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。例如:
May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語(yǔ))
Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語(yǔ))
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
(3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用, 作定語(yǔ)。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3.反身帶詞:用來(lái)表示"某人自己"的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示:
詞 義
數(shù)
我(們)自己
你(們)自己
他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己
單 數(shù)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
復(fù) 數(shù)
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。例如:
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語(yǔ))
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
You'd better ask your wife herself. (賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
(2) 反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,例如:
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc
4.指示代詞:表示時(shí)間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見(jiàn)下表
這,這個(gè)
那,那個(gè)
這些
那些
this
that
these
those
this that these those
指示代詞可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如:
Those are my parents. ( 作主語(yǔ))
Throw it like that. (作表語(yǔ))
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語(yǔ))
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語(yǔ))
注意:(1)前面剛剛提到過(guò)的東西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文將要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起啟下的作用。 例如:
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5.疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞叫疑問(wèn)代詞。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
作主語(yǔ): What make you so happy?
作賓語(yǔ): Who / Whom is your manager talking with?
在口語(yǔ)中, 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) who和whom可以通用,但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如:
About whom they are talking just now?
作定語(yǔ): Which subject do you like best?
作表語(yǔ): What's your mother.
6.相互代詞:用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如:
We should help each
other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代詞后可以加's,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如:
We put the presents in each other's stocking.
7.連接代詞: 用來(lái)連接賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如:
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?
8. 不定代詞:不定代詞沒(méi)有確定的對(duì)象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。
不定代詞通常可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ), 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語(yǔ),no和every 只能做定語(yǔ)。
代詞
many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞,much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。

