動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：
Many people speak English . (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：
肯 定 句： 主語+ be+ 過去分詞 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).
否 定 句：主語+ be not +過去分詞 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).
一般疑問句：Be + 主語+過去分詞+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be+主語 +過去分詞+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?
現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞give為例，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)如下：
式
時(shí)
一 般
進(jìn) 行
完 成
現(xiàn)在
Am / is /are + given
Am/is/are +being + given
Have / has +been +given
過去
Was / were + given
Was / were + being + given
Had +been + given
將來
Shall/ will + given
Shall / will +be + given
Should /would + be + given
含情態(tài)詞的
Can / may /must +be +given
3、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
1）當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如：
This jacket is made of cotton.
English is spoken in many countries in the world.
2） 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：The boy was saved at last.這個(gè)男孩最后得救了。
3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟:
主動(dòng)句: The boy broke the window yesterday.
被動(dòng)句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
步驟一：原句中的賓語the window變成主語。
步驟二：謂語動(dòng)詞broke改為被動(dòng)形式：was broken
步驟三：原句中的主語The boy放在介詞by的后面。
步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。
5) 有兩個(gè)賓語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
A. 可有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。
1. He gave me the book just now.
The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.
2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.
The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.
= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.
B. 通常用直接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語的一些動(dòng)詞有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
1. He wrote her a letter.
A letter was written to her.
My mother made me a skirt.
A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！
一、選擇填空
1.The question ______by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.
A.must look after B.must be taken care
C.must be looked after D.must take care of
3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.
A.have looked B.haven't looked
C.have been looked D.haven't been looked
4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.
A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken
5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.
A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for
6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______.
----OK, dear. I am coming.
A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked
7. This kind of sweater______very soft.
A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling
8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?
----Yes. Every student______about it.
A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells
9.The cake ______delicious.
A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells
10.My father has
given up smoking since he ______on.
A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated
11.A new school ______ these days.
A. is building B. is built
C. well build D. is being built
12. The cake ______delicious.
A. smell B. is smelled
C. is smelling D. smells
13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato
A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told
14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.
A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept
15.When______this kind of computer _______?
is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used
16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month.
are given B. given C. were given D. gave
17.I really don't know_______about it.
A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do
18.Your shoes_______. You'd better come to get them in half an hour.
are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended
19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her.
A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry
20.When_____the accident________?
A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen
Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday.
----Do you like the music "Moonlight"?
----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound)
He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite)
The chair needs______.(repair)
"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say)
This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make)
Cotton ______in the country.(plant)
Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send)
This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell)
The room must ______ clean every day.(keep)
Key: 1.were given 2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted 8.have been sent 9.have been sold
10.be kept
知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：
Many people speak English . (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：
肯 定 句： 主語+ be+ 過去分詞 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).
否 定 句：主語+ be not +過去分詞 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).
一般疑問句：Be + 主語+過去分詞+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be+主語 +過去分詞+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?
現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞give為例，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)如下：
式
時(shí)
一 般
進(jìn) 行
完 成
現(xiàn)在
Am / is /are + given
Am/is/are +being + given
Have / has +been +given
過去
Was / were + given
Was / were + being + given
Had +been + given
將來
Shall/ will + given
Shall / will +be + given
Should /would + be + given
含情態(tài)詞的
Can / may /must +be +given
3、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
1）當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如：
This jacket is made of cotton.
English is spoken in many countries in the world.
2） 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：The boy was saved at last.這個(gè)男孩最后得救了。
3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟:
主動(dòng)句: The boy broke the window yesterday.
被動(dòng)句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
步驟一：原句中的賓語the window變成主語。
步驟二：謂語動(dòng)詞broke改為被動(dòng)形式：was broken
步驟三：原句中的主語The boy放在介詞by的后面。
步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。
5) 有兩個(gè)賓語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
A. 可有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。
1. He gave me the book just now.
The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.
2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.
The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.
= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.
B. 通常用直接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語的一些動(dòng)詞有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
1. He wrote her a letter.
A letter was written to her.
My mother made me a skirt.
A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！
一、選擇填空
1.The question ______by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.
A.must look after B.must be taken care
C.must be looked after D.must take care of
3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.
A.have looked B.haven't looked
C.have been looked D.haven't been looked
4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.
A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken
5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.
A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for
6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______.
----OK, dear. I am coming.
A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked
7. This kind of sweater______very soft.
A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling
8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?
----Yes. Every student______about it.
A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells
9.The cake ______delicious.
A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells
10.My father has
given up smoking since he ______on.
A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated
11.A new school ______ these days.
A. is building B. is built
C. well build D. is being built
12. The cake ______delicious.
A. smell B. is smelled
C. is smelling D. smells
13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato
A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told
14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.
A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept
15.When______this kind of computer _______?
is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used
16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month.
are given B. given C. were given D. gave
17.I really don't know_______about it.
A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do
18.Your shoes_______. You'd better come to get them in half an hour.
are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended
19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her.
A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry
20.When_____the accident________?
A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen
Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday.
----Do you like the music "Moonlight"?
----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound)
He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite)
The chair needs______.(repair)
"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say)
This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make)
Cotton ______in the country.(plant)
Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send)
This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell)
The room must ______ clean every day.(keep)
Key: 1.were given 2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted 8.have been sent 9.have been sold
10.be kept