訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)者方針的好壞是一個前提條件。合理地設(shè)置訓(xùn)練程序，使英語習(xí)作從初級到高級沿著一條循序漸進(jìn)，由簡到多的進(jìn)程發(fā)展是成功訓(xùn)練者必須具備的指導(dǎo)思想。本篇認(rèn)為，在習(xí)作訓(xùn)練的初期，應(yīng)采納一條從有材料可依的習(xí)作方式過渡到脫離本本進(jìn)行自由寫作方式的途徑。從有材可依到元材可依的訓(xùn)練過程應(yīng)包括三個階段：
一、短文縮寫（summary）階段。
短文縮寫可以是就所學(xué)課文進(jìn)行縮寫，也可以采用其它閱讀材料，但要求被縮寫的材料難易程度不超過所學(xué)課本。被用于進(jìn)行縮寫的課文或其它材料必須觀點(diǎn)明確，層次分明，敘述有條理?？s寫時應(yīng)做到簡明扼要，抓住重點(diǎn)，不要拖泥帶水，沒有主次。初學(xué)階段的被縮寫材料不宜太長，以不超一千詞為佳，縮寫文以不超過2m詞為佳。以下就一篇短文進(jìn)行縮寫，限于篇幅，短文內(nèi)容有所節(jié)略。
most shops in britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. on one or two days a week-usually thursday and/or friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.
many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. the days is usually wednesday orthursday and it is a different day in different towns. nearly all shops are closed on sunday. news-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. but there are legal restrictions on selling many things on sundays. many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. when you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. you queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. if anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. when you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. it is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. many people from overseas are astonished at the british habit of queuing.
一、短文縮寫（summary）階段。
短文縮寫可以是就所學(xué)課文進(jìn)行縮寫，也可以采用其它閱讀材料，但要求被縮寫的材料難易程度不超過所學(xué)課本。被用于進(jìn)行縮寫的課文或其它材料必須觀點(diǎn)明確，層次分明，敘述有條理?？s寫時應(yīng)做到簡明扼要，抓住重點(diǎn)，不要拖泥帶水，沒有主次。初學(xué)階段的被縮寫材料不宜太長，以不超一千詞為佳，縮寫文以不超過2m詞為佳。以下就一篇短文進(jìn)行縮寫，限于篇幅，短文內(nèi)容有所節(jié)略。
most shops in britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. on one or two days a week-usually thursday and/or friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.
many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. the days is usually wednesday orthursday and it is a different day in different towns. nearly all shops are closed on sunday. news-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. but there are legal restrictions on selling many things on sundays. many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. when you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. you queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. if anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. when you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. it is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. many people from overseas are astonished at the british habit of queuing.