三、合并運輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢 (考試重點)
3-1 課文：consolidation can benefit all concerned, e.g. exporters and shippers, carrier and forwarder. the national economy can also benefit.
注釋：benefit: 有益于 concerned: 有關(guān)的(在這里是指“相關(guān)的各方”) national economy: 國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟
課文意思：合并運輸能使所有相關(guān)各方獲益，例如：出口商和委托人，承運人和貨運代理人。也有益于國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
3-2 對于出口商和托運人的好處：
1、可以獲得低的運費費率。
課文：they get the benefit of a rate lower than they would have normally paid to the carrier. it is particularly beneficial to small shippers who are not well established in their trade and who do not have enough bargaining strength to negotiate rates with the shipping or air lines.
注釋：lower than: 低于 normally: 正常情況下，通常的 pay to: 支付 particularly: 特別地，尤其 be beneficial to: 有益于... establish: 建立，成立，設(shè)立，安置 enough: 足夠的，充足的 bargaining strength: 討價還價的能力(bargaining: 討價，商討 strength: 實力，力量)negotiate: 談判，商定 shipping line: 船運公司
課文意思：對于出口商和托運人來說，他們可以從低于正常情況下支付給承運人的價格中獲益。特別對于那些小的托運人來說，他們還沒有很好的建立起市場，并且沒有足夠的能力與船運公司或者空運公司討價還價。
2、可以選擇更多的航線，目的地范圍更廣
課文：and shippers find it advantageous to deal through a freight forwarder who provides consolidation services to a wide range of destinations instead of approaching several shipping lines, each of which may be offering services only on routes which they operate.
注釋：advantageous: 有益的，有利的 a wide range of: 大范圍的，范圍廣的 instead of: 而不是，代替 approach: 與...打交道，接近 shipping line: 航運公司 offer: 提供
課文：并且發(fā)貨人也發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過貨運代理人進行合并運輸?shù)牧硪粋€好處，合并運輸服務(wù)所提供的目的地范圍更廣，他們不僅僅限于與幾個航運公司接洽，而每個航運公司可能只能提供他們所運營的航線上的服務(wù)。
3-3 對于承運人的好處：
1、可以節(jié)省時間和工作
課文：the carrier does not have to handle individual consignments and these results in considerable savings in paperwork and time.
注釋：have to: 不得不，只好 handle: 處理，應(yīng)付，控制 result in: 導致 considerable: 不可忽視的，相當(大，多)的，可觀的 saving: 節(jié)約 paperwork: 文書工作
課文意思：承運人不用處理個別的托運，這樣可以省去很多的文書工作和時間。
2、可以集中利用運輸能力
課文：there is more intensive utilization of his carrying capacity as the consolidator offers his fcl cargoes.
注釋：intensive: 集中的，增強的 utilization: 利用 carrying capacity: 運輸能力，承載能力
課文意思：承運人還可以集中的地利用他的運載能力，因為合并運輸人提供的是整箱貨物。
3、可以節(jié)省開支以及避免付款的風險
課文：the carrier also saves on the expenditure which he would have otherwise incurred in maintaining freight handling equipment and in employing workers to handle lcl shipments, and he does not have to take the risk of freight payments by the individual shipper as this is taken care of by the freight forwarder.
注釋：save on: 節(jié)省 expenditure: 支出，花費 otherwise: 另外，否則，不同地 incur: 招致 maintain: 保持，維持 equipment: 設(shè)備，裝備，船上用具 employ: 雇用 worker: 工人 lcl shipment: 零擔貨物運輸，拼裝貨物運輸 risk: 風險 freight payment: 支付運費 take care of: 照顧，在這里引申為“負責”
課文意思：承運人還可以節(jié)省支出，如使用設(shè)備所需的維護費和進行零擔貨物運輸所需雇傭工人的費用，并且他不需要承擔個別托運人運費支付方面的風險，因為這個是由貨運代理人負責的。
3-1 課文：consolidation can benefit all concerned, e.g. exporters and shippers, carrier and forwarder. the national economy can also benefit.
注釋：benefit: 有益于 concerned: 有關(guān)的(在這里是指“相關(guān)的各方”) national economy: 國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟
課文意思：合并運輸能使所有相關(guān)各方獲益，例如：出口商和委托人，承運人和貨運代理人。也有益于國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
3-2 對于出口商和托運人的好處：
1、可以獲得低的運費費率。
課文：they get the benefit of a rate lower than they would have normally paid to the carrier. it is particularly beneficial to small shippers who are not well established in their trade and who do not have enough bargaining strength to negotiate rates with the shipping or air lines.
注釋：lower than: 低于 normally: 正常情況下，通常的 pay to: 支付 particularly: 特別地，尤其 be beneficial to: 有益于... establish: 建立，成立，設(shè)立，安置 enough: 足夠的，充足的 bargaining strength: 討價還價的能力(bargaining: 討價，商討 strength: 實力，力量)negotiate: 談判，商定 shipping line: 船運公司
課文意思：對于出口商和托運人來說，他們可以從低于正常情況下支付給承運人的價格中獲益。特別對于那些小的托運人來說，他們還沒有很好的建立起市場，并且沒有足夠的能力與船運公司或者空運公司討價還價。
2、可以選擇更多的航線，目的地范圍更廣
課文：and shippers find it advantageous to deal through a freight forwarder who provides consolidation services to a wide range of destinations instead of approaching several shipping lines, each of which may be offering services only on routes which they operate.
注釋：advantageous: 有益的，有利的 a wide range of: 大范圍的，范圍廣的 instead of: 而不是，代替 approach: 與...打交道，接近 shipping line: 航運公司 offer: 提供
課文：并且發(fā)貨人也發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過貨運代理人進行合并運輸?shù)牧硪粋€好處，合并運輸服務(wù)所提供的目的地范圍更廣，他們不僅僅限于與幾個航運公司接洽，而每個航運公司可能只能提供他們所運營的航線上的服務(wù)。
3-3 對于承運人的好處：
1、可以節(jié)省時間和工作
課文：the carrier does not have to handle individual consignments and these results in considerable savings in paperwork and time.
注釋：have to: 不得不，只好 handle: 處理，應(yīng)付，控制 result in: 導致 considerable: 不可忽視的，相當(大，多)的，可觀的 saving: 節(jié)約 paperwork: 文書工作
課文意思：承運人不用處理個別的托運，這樣可以省去很多的文書工作和時間。
2、可以集中利用運輸能力
課文：there is more intensive utilization of his carrying capacity as the consolidator offers his fcl cargoes.
注釋：intensive: 集中的，增強的 utilization: 利用 carrying capacity: 運輸能力，承載能力
課文意思：承運人還可以集中的地利用他的運載能力，因為合并運輸人提供的是整箱貨物。
3、可以節(jié)省開支以及避免付款的風險
課文：the carrier also saves on the expenditure which he would have otherwise incurred in maintaining freight handling equipment and in employing workers to handle lcl shipments, and he does not have to take the risk of freight payments by the individual shipper as this is taken care of by the freight forwarder.
注釋：save on: 節(jié)省 expenditure: 支出，花費 otherwise: 另外，否則，不同地 incur: 招致 maintain: 保持，維持 equipment: 設(shè)備，裝備，船上用具 employ: 雇用 worker: 工人 lcl shipment: 零擔貨物運輸，拼裝貨物運輸 risk: 風險 freight payment: 支付運費 take care of: 照顧，在這里引申為“負責”
課文意思：承運人還可以節(jié)省支出，如使用設(shè)備所需的維護費和進行零擔貨物運輸所需雇傭工人的費用，并且他不需要承擔個別托運人運費支付方面的風險，因為這個是由貨運代理人負責的。