忠告：想要把考研英語考好，不在考場(chǎng)上心理崩盤，只有詳細(xì)研究真題和精讀外刊，否則絕大部分考生對(duì)文章的理解注定是只言片語和模糊不清的，而考研英語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是精細(xì)、精確地理解。很多學(xué)生反映看不懂外刊，但是如果我們不在平時(shí)崩盤，那么就會(huì)在考試時(shí)崩潰。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)體會(huì)我們的忠告!
(1)①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ②Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. ③Even those papers that continue to review fine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past。
[譯文]
過去的25年，在英文報(bào)紙發(fā)生的所有變化中，或許有深遠(yuǎn)意義的變化就是這些報(bào)紙文藝報(bào)道的范圍在縮小，嚴(yán)肅性在減弱，勢(shì)頭不可阻擋。不僅許多報(bào)紙都撤掉了其書評(píng)版面，而且一些主要報(bào)紙，包括《芝加哥太陽時(shí)報(bào)》和《明尼阿波利斯星壇報(bào)》也都不再雇傭全職的古典音樂評(píng)論家了?？v然是那些繼續(xù)評(píng)論美術(shù)方面的事件的報(bào)紙留給這些評(píng)論也比以往要少。與此同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)使大城市星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙?jiān)錾年P(guān)于文化主題的文章版面也已經(jīng)是明日黃花了。
[語篇分析]
①②③為同一意群，講述了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，在過去25年間英文報(bào)紙所有變化中，或許意義最為深遠(yuǎn)的變化就是報(bào)紙的文藝報(bào)道方面范圍縮小、嚴(yán)肅性減弱。①句考生需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的信息就是perhaps the most far-reaching，most級(jí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而far-reaching也是從程度上對(duì)changes表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以我們可以知道，最重要的變化就是the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.，命題人肯定會(huì)圍繞這種重大的變化進(jìn)行命題，這就是作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)信息，強(qiáng)調(diào)就是考點(diǎn)，希望考生仔細(xì)體會(huì)!另外，their指代English-language newspapers’。②運(yùn)用not only…,but…這一句型對(duì)①進(jìn)行舉例，來具體說明①。③用even開頭，承接上一句，進(jìn)一步舉例說明這種變化;需要注意的是，連接詞while也是考生關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，該詞的前后往往也會(huì)涉及到重點(diǎn)信息，我們來看while引導(dǎo)的句子，once表明過去、曾經(jīng)是怎么樣的，而are becoming則表示現(xiàn)在又是一種什么樣的狀況，這里存在著時(shí)間上的對(duì)比，也是考點(diǎn)，即曾經(jīng)使大城市星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙?jiān)錾年P(guān)于文化主題的文章版面(現(xiàn)在)也已經(jīng)是明日黃花了。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
far-reachingadj. having a great influence or effect 具有深遠(yuǎn)影響的
inexorable /ɪnˈeksərəbəl/ adj .an inexorable process cannot be stopped 不可阻擋的
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. when a subject or event is reported on television or radio, or in newspapers 新聞報(bào)道
think piecen. A think piece is an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses a particular subject in a serious and thoughtful way. 內(nèi)幕新聞、(內(nèi)容)嚴(yán)肅且(思想)深邃的文章
[必備搭配]
inexorable decline勢(shì)不可擋的衰退;arts coverage文藝報(bào)道;book-review section書評(píng)版;major papers主流報(bào)紙、主要報(bào)紙;classical-music critics古典音樂評(píng)論家;employ full-time critics雇傭全職評(píng)論家;review the event評(píng)論這一事件;cultural subject文化主題
(2)①It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomson’s The Musical Scene (1945)， Edwin Denby’s Looking at the Dance (1949)， Kenneth Tynan’s Curtains (1961)， and Hilton Kramer’s The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies。
[譯文]
我懷疑，年齡在40歲以下的普通讀者無法想象那樣一個(gè)能夠在大部分的大城市報(bào)紙上找到高質(zhì)量的文藝評(píng)論的時(shí)代。然而有大量在20世紀(jì)出版的具有最重要意義的評(píng)論作品，包括維吉爾·湯姆遜的《音樂現(xiàn)場(chǎng)》(1945年)、埃德溫·登比的《看舞蹈》(1949)、肯尼斯·惕南的《窗簾》(1961)和希爾頓·克拉莫爾的《先鋒派時(shí)代》(1973)在報(bào)紙?jiān)u論中占據(jù)了很大部分。如今去讀這種書籍會(huì)使人們對(duì)這樣一種事實(shí)感到大為驚訝，那就是這些書籍廣博的內(nèi)容曾經(jīng)被人們認(rèn)為很適合在面對(duì)大眾發(fā)行的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登。
[語篇分析]
① 用I suspect開頭，表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。注意suspect表示“確定的懷疑”，而doubt則表示“不確定的懷疑”，請(qǐng)看柯林斯字典對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)分：suspect You use suspect when you are stating something that you believe is probably true, in order to make it sound less strong or direct.;doubt If you have doubt or doubts about something, you feel uncertain about it and do not know whether it is true or possible. If you say you have no doubt about it, you mean that you are certain it is true。對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)分，我們往往能判斷出作者的態(tài)度是對(duì)某事物支持還是反對(duì)，有助于我們解題!②Yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，①說現(xiàn)在很難找到高質(zhì)量的文藝評(píng)論，而②則以過去為例，說明了過去是一個(gè)怎樣的情況，講述了有大量在20世紀(jì)出版的具有最重要意義的評(píng)論作品占據(jù)了報(bào)紙?jiān)u論的大部分，并舉出四種評(píng)論作品。③又回到如今(today)，說去讀這種書籍會(huì)使人感到大為驚訝，而在原來(were once)則被認(rèn)為是一種正常的事情，這也說明了報(bào)紙的文藝報(bào)道在范圍上倒退，證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②③兩句存在時(shí)間上的對(duì)比，而③句句內(nèi)也存在這種時(shí)間對(duì)比。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
collection/kəˈlekʃən/ n. A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired, usually over a period of time. 作品、收藏品
criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. Criticism is a serious examination and judgment of something such as a book or play. 評(píng)論
erudite /ˈerʊdaɪt/ adj. If you describe someone as erudite, you mean that they have or show great academic knowledge. You can also use erudite to describe something such as a book or a style of writing. (FORMAL) 廣博的、博學(xué)多識(shí)的
[必備搭配]
to the point of 到…的程度= to the degree of = to the extent of;average reader普通讀者;imagine a time想象一個(gè)時(shí)代;high-quality criticism高質(zhì)量的評(píng)論;a considerable number of很大數(shù)量的…;newspaper reviews報(bào)紙?jiān)u論;marvel at對(duì)…感到驚訝;erudite contents廣博的內(nèi)容;general-circulation面對(duì)大眾發(fā)行
(3)①We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a(chǎn) term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”
[譯文]
我們離20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間在英國發(fā)表的東拉西扯的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論甚至更遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)，新聞?dòng)眉埛浅１阋耍視r(shí)髦的文藝評(píng)論被認(rèn)為是一種對(duì)刊登這種內(nèi)容的出版物的裝飾。在那些遙遠(yuǎn)的年代，主流報(bào)紙的評(píng)論家們會(huì)把報(bào)道的事件詳細(xì)充分地記錄下來，這被視為理所當(dāng)然。這些評(píng)論家們所從事的是嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè)。甚至是那些喜歡賣弄學(xué)問的評(píng)論家們(像蕭伯納和歐內(nèi)斯特·紐曼)也知道自己在做什么，這一點(diǎn)足以讓人信任。這些男人(因?yàn)樗麄兌际悄腥?把新聞業(yè)認(rèn)為是一個(gè)職業(yè)，并且對(duì)于他們的文章能夠在報(bào)紙上刊登出來感到很自豪?！澳軗碛凶銐虻乃枷牖蜃銐虻奈膶W(xué)天賦可以使他們?cè)谛侣剺I(yè)上成就自己的事業(yè)的作者是如此之少”， 紐曼寫道，“以致于我禁不住把‘新聞業(yè)’定義成被某些作家所使用的一個(gè)恥辱的術(shù)語。對(duì)真正的作家而言，他們根本就沒有學(xué)問”。
[語篇分析]
①用even farther承接上一段，繼續(xù)說明當(dāng)代人遠(yuǎn)離報(bào)紙?jiān)u論，并以20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間英國發(fā)表的評(píng)論為例。even farther“甚至更加(遠(yuǎn)離)”，我們反推上一段也是在說我們“遠(yuǎn)離”報(bào)紙上的文藝評(píng)論，只不過這一段舉了一個(gè)“更加遠(yuǎn)離”的例子繼續(xù)證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②In those far-off days指的是between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II這段時(shí)間，承接第①句。③句的Theirs與business相對(duì)應(yīng)，譯成“這些評(píng)論家們所從事的事業(yè)”， reviewers替換critics，都表示“評(píng)論家”。④中的These men指代②③句中的那些評(píng)論家們，為同一意群。⑤句中包含一個(gè)so… that句型，表示“如此…以致于”，在句子中離得比較遠(yuǎn)，在翻譯的時(shí)候我們把“如此之少”放在后面，這樣能更好的銜接下面的“以致于”。大家注意：…applied by writers who are not read to writers who are。其中who are not read為定語從句，修飾writers，這里的read為adj. 請(qǐng)看韋氏詞典的解釋：read adj. instructed by or informed through reading. 有學(xué)問的，也就是說這些writers根本沒有學(xué)問，那么是對(duì)于誰來說沒有學(xué)問呢?to writers who are。此處who are的后面省略了read，就是說，對(duì)于有學(xué)問的作家來說(即真正的作家來說)，那些writers是根本沒有學(xué)問的。請(qǐng)各位考生仔細(xì)體會(huì)!
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
discursive /dɪˈskəːsɪv/ adj. discussing many different ideas, facts etc, without always having a clear purpose 東拉西扯的、不著邊際的
dirt-cheap adj. If you say that something is dirt-cheap, you are emphasizing that it is very cheap indeed. (INFORMAL) 極其便宜
stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ adj. attractive in a fashionable way 時(shí)髦的、流行的、吸引人的
far-off adj. If you describe a moment in time as far off, you mean that it is a long time from the present, either in the past or the future. 遙遠(yuǎn)的
wear one’s learning lightly 賣弄某人的學(xué)問
calling /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. A calling is a profession or career which someone is strongly attracted to, especially one which involves helping other people. 職業(yè)= vocation
brain/breɪn/ n. Your brain is your mind and the way that you think. 思想= mind
gift /gɪft/ n. a natural ability 天賦
contempt /kənˈtempt/ n. a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect 恥辱、侮辱
[必備搭配]
discursive reviews東拉西扯的評(píng)論;arts criticism文藝評(píng)論;take for granted認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然;at length詳細(xì)地;serious business嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè);literary gift文學(xué)天賦;keep one’s end up in在…成就事業(yè);be tempted to do 禁不住做…
(4)①Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists。
[譯文]
那么，為什么幾乎所有的這些評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻了呢?從1917年開始一直到1975年死前不久還在為曼徹斯特《衛(wèi)報(bào)》寫文章的內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯，如今僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知。然而，在他的一生中，他也是英國最重要的古典音樂評(píng)論家之一。他也是一位被廣為贊賞的文體家，其1947年的《自傳》是一本暢銷書。他于1967年被授予爵士稱號(hào)，也是第一位被授予這個(gè)頭銜的音樂評(píng)論家。然而，他出的書中如今只有一本還在版。并且，他關(guān)于音樂方面的大量作品都不為人知，除了專業(yè)人士以外。
[語篇分析]
①句的then承接上一段，作者提出一個(gè)問題，即為什么幾乎所有的這些評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻了呢? ②③④⑤為同一意群，以內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯為例，講述了評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻的現(xiàn)象。②句主干是：Neville Cardus is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket。注意，solely表示僅僅，說明如今內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知，我們據(jù)此推測(cè)，他肯定還有其他方面不為人知，而他其他方面的不為人知恰恰是因?yàn)槲乃囋u(píng)論的衰退!who wrote for… his death in 1975為非限制性定語從句，修飾Neville Cardus.③④兩句介紹了他其他的優(yōu)秀方面。⑤介紹了他在音樂方面除了專業(yè)人士外，還有大量的作品不為人知。注意這里的save用法很特殊，表示“除… 之外”。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
virtually /ˈvəːtʃuəli / adv. You can use virtually to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. 幾乎
solely /ˈsəul-li / adv. not involving anything or anyone else 僅僅、只有
foremost /ˈfɔːməust / adj. the best or most important 最重要的、的
knight/naɪt/ v. to give someone the rank of knight 授予爵士稱號(hào)
specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it 專業(yè)人士
[必備搭配]
solely as僅僅作為;classical-music critics古典音樂評(píng)論家;foremost critics重要的評(píng)論家;best-selling book暢銷書
(5)①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a posthumous revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.④ Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat ever since Virgil Thomson first showed the readers of the New York Herald Tribune that a trained musician could write about music every bit as stylishly as a professional journalist. ⑤As a result, today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training that Cardus’s generation disdained。
[譯文]
卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?前景似乎渺茫。 在他去世以前很久，新聞業(yè)的品味就已經(jīng)改變了。并且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們很少閱讀他所擅長的經(jīng)過華麗修飾的文章。而且，自從維吉爾·湯姆森首次在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章，音樂評(píng)論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是，當(dāng)今的古典音樂評(píng)論家們必須正好接受過這種技能訓(xùn)練，這是卡達(dá)斯那一代人所不屑的。
[語篇分析]
①句承接上一段，繼續(xù)探討卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論作品。作者提出問題，卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?②作者給出了回答——前景似乎渺茫，seem表示一種不確定的語氣。①②為同一意群，③④⑤為一個(gè)意群，③④兩句道出了前景似乎渺茫的原因。③句說如今新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變了，而且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們也很少去讀這類文章;④句說例舉維吉爾·湯姆森在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》的一篇文章顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章;正因?yàn)檫@樣的原因，才使得音樂評(píng)論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。其句子主干是：the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.;后邊是ever since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自從…”，在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句中，主干是：Virgil Thomson first showed sb that…，而that后面又引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，主干是：a trained musician could write about music every bit as…as…，every bit as 是“和… 完全一樣”。 ⑤As a result是表示結(jié)果的標(biāo)志詞，在閱讀中我們也要注意，往往引出重要的結(jié)論。句子主干是：today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training。后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(that Cardus’s generation disdained)，修飾technical training。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
posthumous /ˈpɔstjʊməs / adj. Posthumous is used to describe something that happens after a person's death but relates to something they did before they died. 死后發(fā)生的
taste/teɪst/ n。品味
postmodern /ˌpəustˈmɔdn / adj. relating to or influenced by postmodernism 后現(xiàn)代的
richly /ˈrɪtʃli/ adv。完全地、豐富地、富足地
upholster/ʌpˈhəulstə / vt。修飾、裝飾
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. a movement away from someone or something 衰退、倒退
disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ vt. to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough 蔑視、鄙視
[必備搭配]
posthumous revival重新流行;remote prospect渺茫的前景;change the tastes改變品味;amateur tradition業(yè)余傳統(tǒng);music criticism音樂評(píng)論;headlong retreat迅猛衰退;a trained musician一位受訓(xùn)練的音樂家;professional journalist職業(yè)新聞從業(yè)者;technical training技能訓(xùn)練
(1)①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ②Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. ③Even those papers that continue to review fine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past。
[譯文]
過去的25年，在英文報(bào)紙發(fā)生的所有變化中，或許有深遠(yuǎn)意義的變化就是這些報(bào)紙文藝報(bào)道的范圍在縮小，嚴(yán)肅性在減弱，勢(shì)頭不可阻擋。不僅許多報(bào)紙都撤掉了其書評(píng)版面，而且一些主要報(bào)紙，包括《芝加哥太陽時(shí)報(bào)》和《明尼阿波利斯星壇報(bào)》也都不再雇傭全職的古典音樂評(píng)論家了?？v然是那些繼續(xù)評(píng)論美術(shù)方面的事件的報(bào)紙留給這些評(píng)論也比以往要少。與此同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)使大城市星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙?jiān)錾年P(guān)于文化主題的文章版面也已經(jīng)是明日黃花了。
[語篇分析]
①②③為同一意群，講述了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，在過去25年間英文報(bào)紙所有變化中，或許意義最為深遠(yuǎn)的變化就是報(bào)紙的文藝報(bào)道方面范圍縮小、嚴(yán)肅性減弱。①句考生需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的信息就是perhaps the most far-reaching，most級(jí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而far-reaching也是從程度上對(duì)changes表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以我們可以知道，最重要的變化就是the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.，命題人肯定會(huì)圍繞這種重大的變化進(jìn)行命題，這就是作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)信息，強(qiáng)調(diào)就是考點(diǎn)，希望考生仔細(xì)體會(huì)!另外，their指代English-language newspapers’。②運(yùn)用not only…,but…這一句型對(duì)①進(jìn)行舉例，來具體說明①。③用even開頭，承接上一句，進(jìn)一步舉例說明這種變化;需要注意的是，連接詞while也是考生關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，該詞的前后往往也會(huì)涉及到重點(diǎn)信息，我們來看while引導(dǎo)的句子，once表明過去、曾經(jīng)是怎么樣的，而are becoming則表示現(xiàn)在又是一種什么樣的狀況，這里存在著時(shí)間上的對(duì)比，也是考點(diǎn)，即曾經(jīng)使大城市星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙?jiān)錾年P(guān)于文化主題的文章版面(現(xiàn)在)也已經(jīng)是明日黃花了。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
far-reachingadj. having a great influence or effect 具有深遠(yuǎn)影響的
inexorable /ɪnˈeksərəbəl/ adj .an inexorable process cannot be stopped 不可阻擋的
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. when a subject or event is reported on television or radio, or in newspapers 新聞報(bào)道
think piecen. A think piece is an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses a particular subject in a serious and thoughtful way. 內(nèi)幕新聞、(內(nèi)容)嚴(yán)肅且(思想)深邃的文章
[必備搭配]
inexorable decline勢(shì)不可擋的衰退;arts coverage文藝報(bào)道;book-review section書評(píng)版;major papers主流報(bào)紙、主要報(bào)紙;classical-music critics古典音樂評(píng)論家;employ full-time critics雇傭全職評(píng)論家;review the event評(píng)論這一事件;cultural subject文化主題
(2)①It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomson’s The Musical Scene (1945)， Edwin Denby’s Looking at the Dance (1949)， Kenneth Tynan’s Curtains (1961)， and Hilton Kramer’s The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies。
[譯文]
我懷疑，年齡在40歲以下的普通讀者無法想象那樣一個(gè)能夠在大部分的大城市報(bào)紙上找到高質(zhì)量的文藝評(píng)論的時(shí)代。然而有大量在20世紀(jì)出版的具有最重要意義的評(píng)論作品，包括維吉爾·湯姆遜的《音樂現(xiàn)場(chǎng)》(1945年)、埃德溫·登比的《看舞蹈》(1949)、肯尼斯·惕南的《窗簾》(1961)和希爾頓·克拉莫爾的《先鋒派時(shí)代》(1973)在報(bào)紙?jiān)u論中占據(jù)了很大部分。如今去讀這種書籍會(huì)使人們對(duì)這樣一種事實(shí)感到大為驚訝，那就是這些書籍廣博的內(nèi)容曾經(jīng)被人們認(rèn)為很適合在面對(duì)大眾發(fā)行的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登。
[語篇分析]
① 用I suspect開頭，表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。注意suspect表示“確定的懷疑”，而doubt則表示“不確定的懷疑”，請(qǐng)看柯林斯字典對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)分：suspect You use suspect when you are stating something that you believe is probably true, in order to make it sound less strong or direct.;doubt If you have doubt or doubts about something, you feel uncertain about it and do not know whether it is true or possible. If you say you have no doubt about it, you mean that you are certain it is true。對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)分，我們往往能判斷出作者的態(tài)度是對(duì)某事物支持還是反對(duì)，有助于我們解題!②Yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，①說現(xiàn)在很難找到高質(zhì)量的文藝評(píng)論，而②則以過去為例，說明了過去是一個(gè)怎樣的情況，講述了有大量在20世紀(jì)出版的具有最重要意義的評(píng)論作品占據(jù)了報(bào)紙?jiān)u論的大部分，并舉出四種評(píng)論作品。③又回到如今(today)，說去讀這種書籍會(huì)使人感到大為驚訝，而在原來(were once)則被認(rèn)為是一種正常的事情，這也說明了報(bào)紙的文藝報(bào)道在范圍上倒退，證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②③兩句存在時(shí)間上的對(duì)比，而③句句內(nèi)也存在這種時(shí)間對(duì)比。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
collection/kəˈlekʃən/ n. A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired, usually over a period of time. 作品、收藏品
criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. Criticism is a serious examination and judgment of something such as a book or play. 評(píng)論
erudite /ˈerʊdaɪt/ adj. If you describe someone as erudite, you mean that they have or show great academic knowledge. You can also use erudite to describe something such as a book or a style of writing. (FORMAL) 廣博的、博學(xué)多識(shí)的
[必備搭配]
to the point of 到…的程度= to the degree of = to the extent of;average reader普通讀者;imagine a time想象一個(gè)時(shí)代;high-quality criticism高質(zhì)量的評(píng)論;a considerable number of很大數(shù)量的…;newspaper reviews報(bào)紙?jiān)u論;marvel at對(duì)…感到驚訝;erudite contents廣博的內(nèi)容;general-circulation面對(duì)大眾發(fā)行
(3)①We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a(chǎn) term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”
[譯文]
我們離20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間在英國發(fā)表的東拉西扯的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論甚至更遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)，新聞?dòng)眉埛浅１阋耍視r(shí)髦的文藝評(píng)論被認(rèn)為是一種對(duì)刊登這種內(nèi)容的出版物的裝飾。在那些遙遠(yuǎn)的年代，主流報(bào)紙的評(píng)論家們會(huì)把報(bào)道的事件詳細(xì)充分地記錄下來，這被視為理所當(dāng)然。這些評(píng)論家們所從事的是嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè)。甚至是那些喜歡賣弄學(xué)問的評(píng)論家們(像蕭伯納和歐內(nèi)斯特·紐曼)也知道自己在做什么，這一點(diǎn)足以讓人信任。這些男人(因?yàn)樗麄兌际悄腥?把新聞業(yè)認(rèn)為是一個(gè)職業(yè)，并且對(duì)于他們的文章能夠在報(bào)紙上刊登出來感到很自豪?！澳軗碛凶銐虻乃枷牖蜃銐虻奈膶W(xué)天賦可以使他們?cè)谛侣剺I(yè)上成就自己的事業(yè)的作者是如此之少”， 紐曼寫道，“以致于我禁不住把‘新聞業(yè)’定義成被某些作家所使用的一個(gè)恥辱的術(shù)語。對(duì)真正的作家而言，他們根本就沒有學(xué)問”。
[語篇分析]
①用even farther承接上一段，繼續(xù)說明當(dāng)代人遠(yuǎn)離報(bào)紙?jiān)u論，并以20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間英國發(fā)表的評(píng)論為例。even farther“甚至更加(遠(yuǎn)離)”，我們反推上一段也是在說我們“遠(yuǎn)離”報(bào)紙上的文藝評(píng)論，只不過這一段舉了一個(gè)“更加遠(yuǎn)離”的例子繼續(xù)證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②In those far-off days指的是between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II這段時(shí)間，承接第①句。③句的Theirs與business相對(duì)應(yīng)，譯成“這些評(píng)論家們所從事的事業(yè)”， reviewers替換critics，都表示“評(píng)論家”。④中的These men指代②③句中的那些評(píng)論家們，為同一意群。⑤句中包含一個(gè)so… that句型，表示“如此…以致于”，在句子中離得比較遠(yuǎn)，在翻譯的時(shí)候我們把“如此之少”放在后面，這樣能更好的銜接下面的“以致于”。大家注意：…applied by writers who are not read to writers who are。其中who are not read為定語從句，修飾writers，這里的read為adj. 請(qǐng)看韋氏詞典的解釋：read adj. instructed by or informed through reading. 有學(xué)問的，也就是說這些writers根本沒有學(xué)問，那么是對(duì)于誰來說沒有學(xué)問呢?to writers who are。此處who are的后面省略了read，就是說，對(duì)于有學(xué)問的作家來說(即真正的作家來說)，那些writers是根本沒有學(xué)問的。請(qǐng)各位考生仔細(xì)體會(huì)!
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
discursive /dɪˈskəːsɪv/ adj. discussing many different ideas, facts etc, without always having a clear purpose 東拉西扯的、不著邊際的
dirt-cheap adj. If you say that something is dirt-cheap, you are emphasizing that it is very cheap indeed. (INFORMAL) 極其便宜
stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ adj. attractive in a fashionable way 時(shí)髦的、流行的、吸引人的
far-off adj. If you describe a moment in time as far off, you mean that it is a long time from the present, either in the past or the future. 遙遠(yuǎn)的
wear one’s learning lightly 賣弄某人的學(xué)問
calling /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. A calling is a profession or career which someone is strongly attracted to, especially one which involves helping other people. 職業(yè)= vocation
brain/breɪn/ n. Your brain is your mind and the way that you think. 思想= mind
gift /gɪft/ n. a natural ability 天賦
contempt /kənˈtempt/ n. a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect 恥辱、侮辱
[必備搭配]
discursive reviews東拉西扯的評(píng)論;arts criticism文藝評(píng)論;take for granted認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然;at length詳細(xì)地;serious business嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè);literary gift文學(xué)天賦;keep one’s end up in在…成就事業(yè);be tempted to do 禁不住做…
(4)①Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists。
[譯文]
那么，為什么幾乎所有的這些評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻了呢?從1917年開始一直到1975年死前不久還在為曼徹斯特《衛(wèi)報(bào)》寫文章的內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯，如今僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知。然而，在他的一生中，他也是英國最重要的古典音樂評(píng)論家之一。他也是一位被廣為贊賞的文體家，其1947年的《自傳》是一本暢銷書。他于1967年被授予爵士稱號(hào)，也是第一位被授予這個(gè)頭銜的音樂評(píng)論家。然而，他出的書中如今只有一本還在版。并且，他關(guān)于音樂方面的大量作品都不為人知，除了專業(yè)人士以外。
[語篇分析]
①句的then承接上一段，作者提出一個(gè)問題，即為什么幾乎所有的這些評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻了呢? ②③④⑤為同一意群，以內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯為例，講述了評(píng)論家們被人們忘卻的現(xiàn)象。②句主干是：Neville Cardus is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket。注意，solely表示僅僅，說明如今內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知，我們據(jù)此推測(cè)，他肯定還有其他方面不為人知，而他其他方面的不為人知恰恰是因?yàn)槲乃囋u(píng)論的衰退!who wrote for… his death in 1975為非限制性定語從句，修飾Neville Cardus.③④兩句介紹了他其他的優(yōu)秀方面。⑤介紹了他在音樂方面除了專業(yè)人士外，還有大量的作品不為人知。注意這里的save用法很特殊，表示“除… 之外”。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
virtually /ˈvəːtʃuəli / adv. You can use virtually to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. 幾乎
solely /ˈsəul-li / adv. not involving anything or anyone else 僅僅、只有
foremost /ˈfɔːməust / adj. the best or most important 最重要的、的
knight/naɪt/ v. to give someone the rank of knight 授予爵士稱號(hào)
specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it 專業(yè)人士
[必備搭配]
solely as僅僅作為;classical-music critics古典音樂評(píng)論家;foremost critics重要的評(píng)論家;best-selling book暢銷書
(5)①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a posthumous revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.④ Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat ever since Virgil Thomson first showed the readers of the New York Herald Tribune that a trained musician could write about music every bit as stylishly as a professional journalist. ⑤As a result, today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training that Cardus’s generation disdained。
[譯文]
卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?前景似乎渺茫。 在他去世以前很久，新聞業(yè)的品味就已經(jīng)改變了。并且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們很少閱讀他所擅長的經(jīng)過華麗修飾的文章。而且，自從維吉爾·湯姆森首次在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章，音樂評(píng)論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是，當(dāng)今的古典音樂評(píng)論家們必須正好接受過這種技能訓(xùn)練，這是卡達(dá)斯那一代人所不屑的。
[語篇分析]
①句承接上一段，繼續(xù)探討卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論作品。作者提出問題，卡達(dá)斯的評(píng)論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?②作者給出了回答——前景似乎渺茫，seem表示一種不確定的語氣。①②為同一意群，③④⑤為一個(gè)意群，③④兩句道出了前景似乎渺茫的原因。③句說如今新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變了，而且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們也很少去讀這類文章;④句說例舉維吉爾·湯姆森在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》的一篇文章顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章;正因?yàn)檫@樣的原因，才使得音樂評(píng)論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。其句子主干是：the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.;后邊是ever since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自從…”，在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句中，主干是：Virgil Thomson first showed sb that…，而that后面又引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，主干是：a trained musician could write about music every bit as…as…，every bit as 是“和… 完全一樣”。 ⑤As a result是表示結(jié)果的標(biāo)志詞，在閱讀中我們也要注意，往往引出重要的結(jié)論。句子主干是：today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training。后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(that Cardus’s generation disdained)，修飾technical training。
[重點(diǎn)單詞]
posthumous /ˈpɔstjʊməs / adj. Posthumous is used to describe something that happens after a person's death but relates to something they did before they died. 死后發(fā)生的
taste/teɪst/ n。品味
postmodern /ˌpəustˈmɔdn / adj. relating to or influenced by postmodernism 后現(xiàn)代的
richly /ˈrɪtʃli/ adv。完全地、豐富地、富足地
upholster/ʌpˈhəulstə / vt。修飾、裝飾
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. a movement away from someone or something 衰退、倒退
disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ vt. to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough 蔑視、鄙視
[必備搭配]
posthumous revival重新流行;remote prospect渺茫的前景;change the tastes改變品味;amateur tradition業(yè)余傳統(tǒng);music criticism音樂評(píng)論;headlong retreat迅猛衰退;a trained musician一位受訓(xùn)練的音樂家;professional journalist職業(yè)新聞從業(yè)者;technical training技能訓(xùn)練