Locomotor System 運動系統(tǒng)
osteology 骨學
skeleton 骨骼
bone 骨
diaphysis 骨干
epiphysis骨骺
metaphysis 干骺端
medullary cavity 髓腔
epiphyseal cartilage 骺軟骨
epiphyseal line 骺線
compact （or dense） bone 骨密質
spongy （or cancellous） bone 骨松質
diploe 板障
periosteum 骨膜
bone marrow 骨髓
vertebra 椎骨
vertebral column 脊柱
atlas 寰椎
axis 樞椎
cervical vertebra 頸椎
thoracic vertebra 胸椎
lumbar vertebra 腰椎
sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
sternum 胸骨
manubrium 胸骨柄
body of the sternum 胸骨體
xiphoid process 劍突
sternal angle 胸骨角
jugular notch 頸靜脈切跡
rib 肋骨
costal arch 肋弓
skull（or cranium） 顱
frontal bone 額骨
occipital bone 枕骨
sphenoid bone 蝶骨
temporal bone 顳骨
parietal bone 頂骨
ethmoid bone 篩骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
lacrimal bone 淚骨
nasal bone 鼻骨
vomer 犁骨
maxilla 上頜骨
palatine bone 腭骨
zygomatic bone 顴骨
mandible 下頜骨
hyoid bone 舌骨
inion（or external occipital protuberance） 枕外隆突
superior nuchal line 上項線
groove for superior sagittal sinus 上矢狀竇溝
anterior cranial fossa 顱前窩
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 篩板
middle cranial fossa 顱中窩
hypophyseal fossa 垂體窩
optic canal 視神經管
dorsum sellae 鞍背
foramen lacerum 破裂孔
foramen rotundum 圓孔
forame novale 卵圓孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
superior orbital fissure 眶上裂
posterior cranial fossa 顱后窩
forame nmagnum 枕骨大孔
hypoglossal canal 舌下神經管
jugular foramen 頸靜脈孔
internal occipital protuberance 枕內隆突
groove for transverse sinus 橫竇溝
groove for sigmoid sinus 乙狀竇溝
carotid canal 頸動脈管
styloid process 莖突
stylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔
pterion 翼點
infratemporal fossa 顳下窩
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窩
orbit 眶
supraorbital foramen （or notch） 眶上孔（或切跡）
infraorbital foramen 眶下孔
mental foramen 頦孔
lacrimal sac 淚囊
nasolacrimal canal 鼻淚管
superior （middle，and inferior） nasal meatus 上（中、下）鼻道
paranasal sinus 鼻旁竇
maxillary sinus 上頜竇
fonticuli （or fontanelles） 顱囟
clavicle 鎖骨
scapula 肩胛骨
humerus 肱骨
radius 橈骨
ulna 尺骨
carpus 腕骨
metacarpus 掌骨
phalanges 指骨、趾骨
hipbone 髖骨
acetabulum 髖臼
ilium 髂骨
ischium 坐骨
pubis 恥骨
pelvis 骨盆
femur 股骨
patella 髕骨
tibia 脛骨
fibula 腓骨
tarsus 跗骨
talus 距骨
calcaneus 跟骨
metatarsus 跖骨
fibrousjoint 纖維連結
syndesmosis 韌帶連結
suture 縫
cartilage joint 軟骨連結
synovial joint 滑膜關結
articular surface 關節(jié)面
articular capsule 關節(jié)囊
articular cavity 關節(jié)腔
ligament 韌帶
articular disc 關節(jié)盤
articular labrum 關節(jié)唇
flexion 屈
extension 伸
adduction 收
abduction 展
rotation 旋轉
circumduction 環(huán)轉
pronation 旋前
supination 旋后
eversion 外翻
inversion 內翻
dorsiflexion 背屈
plantarfiexion跖屈
intervertebral disc 椎間盤
fiavum ligament 黃韌帶
thoracic cage 胸廓
temporomandibular joint 顳下頜關節(jié)
sternoclavicular joint 胸鎖關節(jié)
shoulder joint 肩關節(jié)
glenoid labrum 盂唇
elbow joint 肘關節(jié)
anular ligament of radius 橈骨環(huán)狀韌帶
proximal radioulnar joint 橈尺近側關節(jié)
distal radioulnar jojnt 橈尺遠側關節(jié)
wrist joint （or radiocarpal joint） 腕關節(jié)（橈腕關節(jié)）
flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持帶
extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持帶
carpometacarpal joint 腕掌關節(jié)
metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指關節(jié)
interphalangeal joint 指間關節(jié)
pubic symphysis 恥骨聯合
sacroiliac joint 骶髂關節(jié)
sacrotuberous ligament 骶結節(jié)韌帶
sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韌帶
hip joint 髖關節(jié)
tere ligament of head of femur 股骨頭韌帶
knee joint 膝關節(jié)
cruciate ligament of knee 膝關節(jié)的交叉韌帶
lateral meniscus 外側半月板
medial meniscus 內側半月板
ankle joint 踝關節(jié)
arch of the foot 足弓
muscle 肌肉
tendon 肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
fascia 筋膜
superficial fascia 淺筋膜
deep fascia 深筋膜
tendon sheath 腱鞘
fibrous tendon sheath 腱纖維鞘
synovial tendon sheath 腱滑膜鞘
latissimus dorsi muscle 背闊肌
trapezius muscle 斜方肌
erector spinae muscle 豎脊肌
platysma 頸闊肌
sternocleidomastoid muscle 胸鎖乳突肌
scaleni muscles 斜角肌
pectoralis major muscle 胸大肌
pectoralis minor muscle 胸小肌
serratus anterior muscle 前鋸肌
diaphragm 膈肌
obliquus externus abdominis muscle 腹外斜肌
obliquus internus abdominis muscle 腹內斜肌
transvers usabdonminis muscle 腹橫肌
masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌
facial muscles 面肌
deltoid muscle 三角肌
biceps brachii muscle 肱二頭肌
triceps brachii muscle 肱三頭肌
pronator teres muscle 旋前圓肌
flexor carpi radialis muscle 橈側腕屈肌
palmaris longus muscle 掌長肌
flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 尺側腕屈肌
flexor digitorum superiicialis muscle 指淺屈肌
flexor digitorum profundus muscle 指深屈肌
flexor pollicis longus muscle 拇長屈肌
pronator quadratus muscle 旋前方肌
extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 橈側腕長伸肌
extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle 橈側腕短伸肌
extensor digitorum muscle 指伸肌
supinator muscle 旋后肌
thenar muscles 魚際肌
hypothenar muscles 小魚際肌
lumbrical muscle 蚓狀肌
interosseus muscle 骨間肌
gluteus maximus musele 臀大肌
piriformis muscle 梨狀肌
quadriceps femoris muscle 股四頭肌
sartorius muscle 縫匠肌
biceps femoris muscle 股二頭肌
semitendinosus musele 半腱肌
semimembranosus muscle 半膜肌
triceps surae muscle 小腿三頭肌
gastrocnemius muscle 腓腸肌
soleus muscle 比目魚肌
tendo calcaneus 跟腱
osteology 骨學
skeleton 骨骼
bone 骨
diaphysis 骨干
epiphysis骨骺
metaphysis 干骺端
medullary cavity 髓腔
epiphyseal cartilage 骺軟骨
epiphyseal line 骺線
compact （or dense） bone 骨密質
spongy （or cancellous） bone 骨松質
diploe 板障
periosteum 骨膜
bone marrow 骨髓
vertebra 椎骨
vertebral column 脊柱
atlas 寰椎
axis 樞椎
cervical vertebra 頸椎
thoracic vertebra 胸椎
lumbar vertebra 腰椎
sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
sternum 胸骨
manubrium 胸骨柄
body of the sternum 胸骨體
xiphoid process 劍突
sternal angle 胸骨角
jugular notch 頸靜脈切跡
rib 肋骨
costal arch 肋弓
skull（or cranium） 顱
frontal bone 額骨
occipital bone 枕骨
sphenoid bone 蝶骨
temporal bone 顳骨
parietal bone 頂骨
ethmoid bone 篩骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
lacrimal bone 淚骨
nasal bone 鼻骨
vomer 犁骨
maxilla 上頜骨
palatine bone 腭骨
zygomatic bone 顴骨
mandible 下頜骨
hyoid bone 舌骨
inion（or external occipital protuberance） 枕外隆突
superior nuchal line 上項線
groove for superior sagittal sinus 上矢狀竇溝
anterior cranial fossa 顱前窩
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 篩板
middle cranial fossa 顱中窩
hypophyseal fossa 垂體窩
optic canal 視神經管
dorsum sellae 鞍背
foramen lacerum 破裂孔
foramen rotundum 圓孔
forame novale 卵圓孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
superior orbital fissure 眶上裂
posterior cranial fossa 顱后窩
forame nmagnum 枕骨大孔
hypoglossal canal 舌下神經管
jugular foramen 頸靜脈孔
internal occipital protuberance 枕內隆突
groove for transverse sinus 橫竇溝
groove for sigmoid sinus 乙狀竇溝
carotid canal 頸動脈管
styloid process 莖突
stylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔
pterion 翼點
infratemporal fossa 顳下窩
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窩
orbit 眶
supraorbital foramen （or notch） 眶上孔（或切跡）
infraorbital foramen 眶下孔
mental foramen 頦孔
lacrimal sac 淚囊
nasolacrimal canal 鼻淚管
superior （middle，and inferior） nasal meatus 上（中、下）鼻道
paranasal sinus 鼻旁竇
maxillary sinus 上頜竇
fonticuli （or fontanelles） 顱囟
clavicle 鎖骨
scapula 肩胛骨
humerus 肱骨
radius 橈骨
ulna 尺骨
carpus 腕骨
metacarpus 掌骨
phalanges 指骨、趾骨
hipbone 髖骨
acetabulum 髖臼
ilium 髂骨
ischium 坐骨
pubis 恥骨
pelvis 骨盆
femur 股骨
patella 髕骨
tibia 脛骨
fibula 腓骨
tarsus 跗骨
talus 距骨
calcaneus 跟骨
metatarsus 跖骨
fibrousjoint 纖維連結
syndesmosis 韌帶連結
suture 縫
cartilage joint 軟骨連結
synovial joint 滑膜關結
articular surface 關節(jié)面
articular capsule 關節(jié)囊
articular cavity 關節(jié)腔
ligament 韌帶
articular disc 關節(jié)盤
articular labrum 關節(jié)唇
flexion 屈
extension 伸
adduction 收
abduction 展
rotation 旋轉
circumduction 環(huán)轉
pronation 旋前
supination 旋后
eversion 外翻
inversion 內翻
dorsiflexion 背屈
plantarfiexion跖屈
intervertebral disc 椎間盤
fiavum ligament 黃韌帶
thoracic cage 胸廓
temporomandibular joint 顳下頜關節(jié)
sternoclavicular joint 胸鎖關節(jié)
shoulder joint 肩關節(jié)
glenoid labrum 盂唇
elbow joint 肘關節(jié)
anular ligament of radius 橈骨環(huán)狀韌帶
proximal radioulnar joint 橈尺近側關節(jié)
distal radioulnar jojnt 橈尺遠側關節(jié)
wrist joint （or radiocarpal joint） 腕關節(jié)（橈腕關節(jié)）
flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持帶
extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持帶
carpometacarpal joint 腕掌關節(jié)
metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指關節(jié)
interphalangeal joint 指間關節(jié)
pubic symphysis 恥骨聯合
sacroiliac joint 骶髂關節(jié)
sacrotuberous ligament 骶結節(jié)韌帶
sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韌帶
hip joint 髖關節(jié)
tere ligament of head of femur 股骨頭韌帶
knee joint 膝關節(jié)
cruciate ligament of knee 膝關節(jié)的交叉韌帶
lateral meniscus 外側半月板
medial meniscus 內側半月板
ankle joint 踝關節(jié)
arch of the foot 足弓
muscle 肌肉
tendon 肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
fascia 筋膜
superficial fascia 淺筋膜
deep fascia 深筋膜
tendon sheath 腱鞘
fibrous tendon sheath 腱纖維鞘
synovial tendon sheath 腱滑膜鞘
latissimus dorsi muscle 背闊肌
trapezius muscle 斜方肌
erector spinae muscle 豎脊肌
platysma 頸闊肌
sternocleidomastoid muscle 胸鎖乳突肌
scaleni muscles 斜角肌
pectoralis major muscle 胸大肌
pectoralis minor muscle 胸小肌
serratus anterior muscle 前鋸肌
diaphragm 膈肌
obliquus externus abdominis muscle 腹外斜肌
obliquus internus abdominis muscle 腹內斜肌
transvers usabdonminis muscle 腹橫肌
masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌
facial muscles 面肌
deltoid muscle 三角肌
biceps brachii muscle 肱二頭肌
triceps brachii muscle 肱三頭肌
pronator teres muscle 旋前圓肌
flexor carpi radialis muscle 橈側腕屈肌
palmaris longus muscle 掌長肌
flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 尺側腕屈肌
flexor digitorum superiicialis muscle 指淺屈肌
flexor digitorum profundus muscle 指深屈肌
flexor pollicis longus muscle 拇長屈肌
pronator quadratus muscle 旋前方肌
extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 橈側腕長伸肌
extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle 橈側腕短伸肌
extensor digitorum muscle 指伸肌
supinator muscle 旋后肌
thenar muscles 魚際肌
hypothenar muscles 小魚際肌
lumbrical muscle 蚓狀肌
interosseus muscle 骨間肌
gluteus maximus musele 臀大肌
piriformis muscle 梨狀肌
quadriceps femoris muscle 股四頭肌
sartorius muscle 縫匠肌
biceps femoris muscle 股二頭肌
semitendinosus musele 半腱肌
semimembranosus muscle 半膜肌
triceps surae muscle 小腿三頭肌
gastrocnemius muscle 腓腸肌
soleus muscle 比目魚肌
tendo calcaneus 跟腱