杰克·歐曼的這幅漫畫反映了一個(gè)曠日持久的爭(zhēng)論———美國幅員遼闊的國家公園應(yīng)該在多大程度上保持原樣，也就是說，在多大程度上讓它們還像歐洲移民到達(dá)北美之前時(shí)的樣子？這些公園還要允許游客們進(jìn)入，但是多大的范圍，多少人以及通過什么方式進(jìn)入都是爭(zhēng)議很大的問題。
在漫畫的左欄中，我們看見兩個(gè)人正行走于黃石公園的雪地之中，該公園眾多間歇式噴泉中最的就是“老忠實(shí)”了,兩位遠(yuǎn)足者認(rèn)為該噴泉就位于山坡那邊，因?yàn)橐豢|霧汽正從那邊升起。四周寂靜無聲，除了這兩個(gè)步行者留下的足跡之外，雪地完整無損。步行代表了一種非常友善的與大自然接觸的方式：公園幾乎不需要做任何的準(zhǔn)備，環(huán)境也幾乎不會(huì)受到干擾。
突然(在漫畫的右欄)，飛馳過山坡的雪橇的轟鳴打破了寂靜。那是一輛摩托雪橇，一種能飛速駛過冰雪地帶但又吵人又造成污染的交通工具。當(dāng)然，今天的摩托雪橇已不像以往那樣吵，那樣污染環(huán)境了，但是對(duì)于尋找人與自然交融的人們來說，這些雪橇還是很招人煩。不管怎么著,反正許多駕摩托雪橇的人都喜歡這種噪音，就像那些開摩托艇和汽車的人一樣。摩托雪橇的駕駛者們認(rèn)為國家公園就是公共娛樂場(chǎng)，而沒有噪音還能是娛樂場(chǎng)嗎？
在克林頓執(zhí)政時(shí)期，政府開始實(shí)行一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，以減少人類行為對(duì)于國家公園———尤其是對(duì)懷俄明州的黃石公園以及加利福尼亞州的尤塞米特公園等游人眾多的國家公園———的影響。禁用娛樂性摩托雪橇的禁令也在逐步實(shí)施，直到布什政府將其取消為止。而愛好自然的人們則將政府告上了法庭，他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該禁令是保護(hù)國家公園內(nèi)自然環(huán)境的基本舉措，實(shí)施這一保護(hù)是聯(lián)邦法律所授權(quán)的。2003年12月法院支持了原告的起訴，恢復(fù)在國家公園內(nèi)禁用娛樂性摩托雪橇的計(jì)劃。布什政府準(zhǔn)備就此提起上訴。
Jack Ohman's cartoon reflects the perennial battle over how 'pristine' America's great national parks should be, i.e. how like they were before the European settlement of North America. There has to be some access for visitors, but how much and for how many people and by what means remain controversial issues.
In the left frame of the cartoon, we see two people hiking through the snows of Yellowstone National Park, in which the most famous of the many geysers is 'Old Faithful'. The hikers think it lies just over the hill, where the column of vapor is rising. The scene is silent, the snow undisturbed except for the tracks left by the hikers. Hiking represents a very benign sort of access to nature: little preparation of the park is required; little in the environment is disturbed.
Suddenly (in the right frame) the silence is broken by the roar of a vehicle speeding over the hill. It's a snowmobile, a loud, polluting conveyance that zips quickly over snow and ice. True, today's snowmobiles aren't so loud or polluting as they used to be, but they're still pretty upsetting to anyone looking for communion with nature. In any case, many snowmobilers like the noise, just as many people who drive motorboats or fast cars do. Snowmobilers think of national parks as public playgrounds, and what's a playground without noise?
During the Clinton years, the government inaugurated a plan to reduce the human impact on the parks, especially the much-visited ones like Yellowstone in Wyoming and Yosemite in California. A ban on the recreational use of snowmobiles was being phased in until the Bush administration canceled it. Nature lovers took the government to court, insisting that the ban was essential in order to protect the environment inside the parks, as mandated by federal law. In December the courts sided with the plaintiffs, reinstituting the plan for a park without recreational snowmobiles. The Bush administration plans an appeal.
在漫畫的左欄中，我們看見兩個(gè)人正行走于黃石公園的雪地之中，該公園眾多間歇式噴泉中最的就是“老忠實(shí)”了,兩位遠(yuǎn)足者認(rèn)為該噴泉就位于山坡那邊，因?yàn)橐豢|霧汽正從那邊升起。四周寂靜無聲，除了這兩個(gè)步行者留下的足跡之外，雪地完整無損。步行代表了一種非常友善的與大自然接觸的方式：公園幾乎不需要做任何的準(zhǔn)備，環(huán)境也幾乎不會(huì)受到干擾。
突然(在漫畫的右欄)，飛馳過山坡的雪橇的轟鳴打破了寂靜。那是一輛摩托雪橇，一種能飛速駛過冰雪地帶但又吵人又造成污染的交通工具。當(dāng)然，今天的摩托雪橇已不像以往那樣吵，那樣污染環(huán)境了，但是對(duì)于尋找人與自然交融的人們來說，這些雪橇還是很招人煩。不管怎么著,反正許多駕摩托雪橇的人都喜歡這種噪音，就像那些開摩托艇和汽車的人一樣。摩托雪橇的駕駛者們認(rèn)為國家公園就是公共娛樂場(chǎng)，而沒有噪音還能是娛樂場(chǎng)嗎？
在克林頓執(zhí)政時(shí)期，政府開始實(shí)行一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，以減少人類行為對(duì)于國家公園———尤其是對(duì)懷俄明州的黃石公園以及加利福尼亞州的尤塞米特公園等游人眾多的國家公園———的影響。禁用娛樂性摩托雪橇的禁令也在逐步實(shí)施，直到布什政府將其取消為止。而愛好自然的人們則將政府告上了法庭，他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該禁令是保護(hù)國家公園內(nèi)自然環(huán)境的基本舉措，實(shí)施這一保護(hù)是聯(lián)邦法律所授權(quán)的。2003年12月法院支持了原告的起訴，恢復(fù)在國家公園內(nèi)禁用娛樂性摩托雪橇的計(jì)劃。布什政府準(zhǔn)備就此提起上訴。
Jack Ohman's cartoon reflects the perennial battle over how 'pristine' America's great national parks should be, i.e. how like they were before the European settlement of North America. There has to be some access for visitors, but how much and for how many people and by what means remain controversial issues.
In the left frame of the cartoon, we see two people hiking through the snows of Yellowstone National Park, in which the most famous of the many geysers is 'Old Faithful'. The hikers think it lies just over the hill, where the column of vapor is rising. The scene is silent, the snow undisturbed except for the tracks left by the hikers. Hiking represents a very benign sort of access to nature: little preparation of the park is required; little in the environment is disturbed.
Suddenly (in the right frame) the silence is broken by the roar of a vehicle speeding over the hill. It's a snowmobile, a loud, polluting conveyance that zips quickly over snow and ice. True, today's snowmobiles aren't so loud or polluting as they used to be, but they're still pretty upsetting to anyone looking for communion with nature. In any case, many snowmobilers like the noise, just as many people who drive motorboats or fast cars do. Snowmobilers think of national parks as public playgrounds, and what's a playground without noise?
During the Clinton years, the government inaugurated a plan to reduce the human impact on the parks, especially the much-visited ones like Yellowstone in Wyoming and Yosemite in California. A ban on the recreational use of snowmobiles was being phased in until the Bush administration canceled it. Nature lovers took the government to court, insisting that the ban was essential in order to protect the environment inside the parks, as mandated by federal law. In December the courts sided with the plaintiffs, reinstituting the plan for a park without recreational snowmobiles. The Bush administration plans an appeal.