賴世雄高級10課
Hi everybody, welcome again to Radio English on Sunday.
This is Bruce.
/And this is Peter.
Join us today on page seventy eight for unit ten, we have quite a special lesson for you, and I doubt very many of our listeners haven't even heard of the Gullah, but by the end of today's lesson, you'll be familiar with these people and their culture. Let's take a look now at "Marlena Smalls and the Bullah." , the Revival of a Unique Community.
________________revival, n,
The act or an instance of reviving.
蘇醒，復活新生的行為或實例
The condition of being revived.
復蘇被給予新生的狀態(tài)
A restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor after a period of obscurity or quiescence.
重振，恢復在一段時期的默默無聞或平靜之后重歸使用、接納、活動或活力
A new presentation of an old play, movie, opera, ballet, or similar vehicle.
復興，重新流行舊的戲劇、電影、歌劇、芭蕾或類似媒介物的新出現(xiàn)
A time of reawakened interest in religion.
宗教覺醒期恢復對宗教興趣的時期
A meeting or series of meetings for the purpose of reawakening religious faith, often characterized by impassioned preaching and public testimony.
奮興會，奮興布道會以恢復宗教信仰為目的集會或一系列集會，以令人激動的布道及公眾宣言為特征
Law
【法律】
Renewal of validity or effect, as of a contract or judicial decision.
重新生效，再生效有效性或效果的恢復，如合同或法庭裁決
/ Well, this article must be very interesting, because the title seems a little bit bizarre, actually.
/ That's right. The Gullah, I don't think any of our listener are familiar with them, and this we will see, Marleana Smalls is not a very famous woman, at least not yet. Let's find out what community were talking about by reading through the first introductory paragraph and get a better idea of what today's lesson is going to be about.
/ Mmm-hum, and also please be all ears, because as I said, this article must be a meaty one.
/ Mmm, let's teach you something about both African and North American cultures.
meaty, means that it has a lot of interesting or important information for us digest.
_____________meaty, adj,
meat.i.er; meat.i.est;
Of or relating to meat.
肉的
Having the flavor or smell of meat.
有肉味的
Full of or containing meat.
滿是肉的或含肉的
Heavily fleshed.
多肉的，粗壯的
Prompting considerable thought:
發(fā)人深思的；耐人尋味的：
a meaty theme for study and debate.
一個值得研究和討論的發(fā)人深思的主題
The article was very meaty.
bizarre, adj,
Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd.
古怪的風格或外表上不落陳套的和牽強的；古怪的
See: fantastic
Does the name Marlena Smalls ring a bell? Probably not. At least not yet. If this large woman with an even larger smile and sparkling eyes has her way, however, the language, customs, and songs of the Gullah will become happily familiar to millions of people outside of the sea islands. For it is Miss Smalls' dreams that through her and her performing troupe's efforts their Gullah Community (什么狗*） will no longer be an isolated，anachronistic hangover from the days of slavery in the US, but a vibrant cultural addition to the 21st century global village.
So in this introduction, we find out about Marlena Smalls, she is the leader of a performing troupe, we can see that word "troupe" on line six, and this community from which she and her performers come is called the "Gullah". They live on the Sea Island, we'll find out where those are in just a moment, but what she is trying to do is to preserve, to revive and then preserve her community's culture, for the benefit of her own people, but also to contribute to the twenty first century global village.
/ Preserve, here means to 保存，to preserve our culture.
"that names rings a bell", this is quite useful, a very useful expression,
/ It means to remind somebody or, if you hear a person's name or a place, or a title of a book, and suddenly you say, gee, I am pretty sure I heard of that name before, but am not quite sure but I am pretty sure that I've heard it before.
/ 好象是聽見過，就是想不起來，does Peter Lai, this name ring a bell?
/ Yes, among the police, :P
/ burglar, he's a burglar, because he steals our hearts.
/ When it is between young men and women, what could it mean?
/ Well, it can mean simply that you sweep someone off, their feet, they see you and fall in love with you, you steal their hearts.
/ to sweep someone off his feet, means to charm somebody so deeply, or impress somebody so deeply, that you fall in love at first sight.
/ 一掃就把他掃倒了，把他給迷死的意思，
Ok, let's continue and find out more about the Sea Island and where this unique community is located.
The Sea Island comprise a group of Islands just off the Southeast US Atlantic coast of South (Karalina) and (Geoger), 地名，descendants of slave settled here tilling the fertile land of these islands and the adjacent coastline. A rich overlay of a mixture of West African languages onto 17th and 18th century colonial English has resulted in Gullah, a creole language featuring its unique blend of African tongues and pidgin English. Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists. A few words have been added into contemporary mainstream American English. These include goober (peanut), gumbo (okra), and voodoo (witchcraft). The word Gullah itself also hails from West Africa. Many of this ethnic group's given names are taken directly from languages passed down for hundreds of years, such as Abiona and Pitipa. American English is the language used when dealing with outsiders, but Gullah is the language of the marketplace and the home.
So now we are in the Southeastern United States, off the coast of South Karalina and Geogier, there're a group of islands, which we call the Sea Islands, this is where the Gullah settled, as well as on the coastline, close to these islands. They were settled by slaves, who then later after they became free, continue to work on the islands and on the coastline. They kept their original African languages and customs, but of course they use English when they deal with outsiders that would refer to either blacks or whites on the main land who are not part of this Gullah community.
/ But...have you ever personally seen people from this area?
/ Yes. I went to a performance with Marlena Smalls and her Calilua singers, we'll be talking about them in just a few paragraphs, and it is almost like singing Africans when you see them in their traditional dress and performing their music and their songs, many of which use words from African languages.
/ Do they sing in harmony?
/ Oh, beautiful,
/ Really?
/ Yeah. I am sure you of all people, Peter, because you love music so much, would appreciate a night, listening to their performance.
/ Mmm, then their music must sound a little bit like this, ...I am a little bit hungry...:D
/ Haha, no.
/ To sing in harmony. Now I have a question over here, with regard to the spelling of this particular word, that is, a line...something, you know, towards the end, pidgin English.
/ Mmm-hum,
/ We of course know, know that pidgin English means (broken) English,
/ That's right,
/ But some people would spell this word using a different word "pigeon", 鴿子
10:00 but this pigeon, as you said, is a language which is created when two cultures mixed together and they can't speak each other's language at first but they quickly find a simple way to communicate, that is called a "pigeon language".
/ 所以洋涇汀英語是用pidgin English.
___Any of several pidgins based on English and now spoken mostly on the Pacific islands and in West Africa.
混雜英語，洋涇濱英語以英語為基礎的幾種混雜語，現(xiàn)主要在太平洋島嶼和西非的人講
Ok, let's go ahead now.
As with most African cultures, the Gullah have a rich tradition of music. The banjo, a strange musical instrument, was an African invention brought over with the slaves to the new world. It has been popularized in both North America and Europe over the past two hundred years. A great variety of drums, too, accompanied African music to the colonies in North and South America. Singing both solo and a cappella with rich harmonies was also part of the slave heritage. Despite their demanding and depressing lives, the slaves held their original languages and music as well as their masters' Christianity close to their hearts. Much of the music today involves church music, also referred to as spirituals or gospel music.
Here, too, we find out more about the culture of the Gullah, and how close it is to the original African cultures. However we also learn that, while in the New World, the slaves learned about Christianity, and held it close to their hearts, they believe deeply in Christianity, and it shows because some of their music which they sing is church music, a church song, we can call a spiritual, or in general gospel music. We also learn this paragraph that the banjo was an African invention, that is a five-stringed instrument, and it is round at the bottom, it is like a circle at the bottom, with five strings, the banjo was African and brought over to the New World.
/ slave, + to,
Don't be a slave to money. 不要說 be a slave of money.
enslave, v, + by,
Don't be enslaved by money.
to be referred to as...被稱作是...
Some students refer to Fireman as their heroes.
Let's go ahead and finish the last paragraph on this page and go over to the next.
An evening with Marlena Samlls and her Harlalua singers is nothing short of inspirational . They are dressed at times in traditional African clothing, and at other times in the simple and conservative rural dress of Southern US society. This unusual performance includes much singing, frequent samples of Gullah as used in the marketplace, or between women gossiping. A great deal of emphatic body language and even occasional tribal dance steps thumping drums and enthusiastic shouting are also features of the performance. Ms Smalls introduces the background to individual songs or other performances to help the audience, often peppered with overseas tourists, have a clearer idea of how the Gullah Communicate to each other. Even without the helpful introductions, however, music lovers will appreciate the peerless singing quality of the Hallelujah singers as they render their traditional folk songs with obvious love and pride. Interspersed with Mrs. Smalls witty and classy narrative, the evening passes all too quickly.
_________emphatic, adj, -----> emphatically, adv,
Expressed or performed with emphasis:
強調(diào)的以強調(diào)的形式表達或履行的：
responded with an emphatic No.?
斬釘截鐵地回答“不”
Forceful and definite in expression or action.
強烈的，肯定的表達或行為強烈且明確的
Standing out in a striking and clearly defined way.
引人注目的，顯著的以顯著和明確定義的方式予以突出的
He answered the question with an emphatic 'No'.
他用一個加強語氣的'不'字回答了這個問題。
_________peerless,
Being such as to have no match; incomparable.
無可匹敵的；無雙的
incomparable, without a rival, unrivaled, second to none, matchless, unbeatable, unsurpassed, unparalleled, unequaled, invincible,
______render, v,
To perform an interpretation of (a musical piece, for example).
演奏，詮釋對（如音樂作品）進行藝術處理
To express in another language or form; translate.
翻譯用另一種語言或形式進行表達；翻譯
Well, I was there, for one of these performances and that's how I could write this particular paragraph, the Hallelujah singers with Marlena Smalls and their director, is an inspirational group. For one thing, Ms Smalls was misnamed, she's a huge woman, very very big woman, and even big smile, and you feel as though you have known her all your life by the end of the evening. She's such a friendly woman; she walks off the stage and into the audience and greets people individually, tells jokes, then goes back on the stage for performance. She has great wit, we mentioned, 倒數(shù)第二行，she has witty narrative; she has a lot of funny things to say during the evening to make people comfortable, and some of the audience have come from overseas because they have heard about this particular group. Their singing is peerless, it's perfect. The music is fun or interesting, sometimes sad like the blues, and it's the ...I can't think of a better way to spend about an hour and a half of your life.
/ ..that name "Smalls" is misnamed. 名字取錯羅。
/ Let me add here, for the noun, we say misnomer, so we could also say here that the name "Smalls" is a misnomer. It seems like a wrong word to use here because she's such a large woman.
/...is nothing short of ...簡直是， 完全是，is very...
Ok, shall we go ahead and finish up the last paragraph? 1850
It is refreshing to know that some ethnic groups are proudly clinging to their priceless legacies. Despite the tragedy of their origins in slavery, the Gullah has survived and revived to produce a viable, enviable folk culture even the amidst the technological wonders of the twenty first century. We can be thankful that in concert or on recorded media, Maleana Smalls and the Hullalujah singers will touch all of us listeners with their heartfelt oral tradition through the magic of music.
____________ethnic, adj,
Of or relating to sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage.
種族的，人種的屬于或關于相當大規(guī)模人的群體的，群體中的成員擁有共同的和獨特的種族的、民族的、宗教的、語言的或文化的遺產(chǎn)
Being a member of a particular ethnic group.
種族一員的作為一特定種族集團中的成員的
Of, relating to, or distinctive of members of such a group:
種族風格的屬于，關于或區(qū)別于這樣一個集團中的成員的：
ethnic restaurants; ethnic art.
民族風味的飯館；民族藝術
cling to, cling on to, stick,
粘著［住］， 緊貼， 卷［繞］住（to）
堅持， 墨守， 依附于， 依靠， 抱住...不放， 抱定（希望）（to）
緊握， 擁抱
clinging garments
緊身衣
clinging vine
[美俚]慣于依靠男人的婦女
cling to a purpose
堅持目的
cling to the last hope
抱定后希望， 決不灰心
He is of a clinging sort.
他是那種總要依靠別人的人。
They clung together when the time came to part.
分離的時候到了， 他們緊抱著不肯分開。
clingy
adj.
粘住的; 緊貼的; 易粘的
cling, clung, clung,
To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining:
緊握，粘著緊緊抓住或粘著在某物上，如通過抓、粘、抱或纏繞的方式：
clung to the rope to keep from falling; fabrics that cling to the body.
抓牢繩子以防掉下；緊貼身的衣服
To remain close; resist separation:
依靠保持親近；防止分開：
We clung together in the storm.
暴風中我們緊緊依偎
To remain emotionally attached; hold on:
堅持保留感情上的聯(lián)系；堅持：
clinging to outdated customs.
墨守陳規(guī)
legacy,
Money or property bequeathed to another by will.
遺產(chǎn)，遺贈根據(jù)遺囑留給另一個人的金錢或財產(chǎn)
Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past:
遺產(chǎn)祖先、前人或過去相傳下來的某種東西：
a legacy of religious freedom.
宗教自由的遺產(chǎn)
See: heritage
這個字在本課中是用了復數(shù)的。legacies.
amidst,
Variant of amid
amid的變體
viable,
Capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions.
能居的在良好的狀態(tài)下能夠存活、發(fā)展或發(fā)芽的
Capable of living outside the uterus. Used of a fetus or newborn.
能生存的在子宮外能存活的。用于胎兒或者新生兒
Capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable:
可行的可望成功的或有持續(xù)效果的；切實可行的：
a viable plan; a viable national economy.
可行的計劃；可望成功的國家經(jīng)濟
___________
The Gullah has survived slavery, which of course was very difficult and depressing period, and since then, they have kept their African language and customs, and have preserved it and revived it, they've made their own people more interested in their traditional culture, and the Hullelujar singers tour around the world...I hope that they'll be in your areas soon and you could have a chance. I guarantee an evening you'll never forget. We think of the twenty first century with all its technology as being wonderful, but we shouldn't forget that ethnic groups, simple ethnic groups also have (marbles) and wonders of their own, we can appreciate both as we enter the twenty first century.
/We know that these people speak Gullah at home, but as they talk to foreigners or, you know, outsiders, so to speak, they speak American English, but do they carry a very heavy accent?
/ Well, they are from the south and they are from the rural south of the US, so yes, they speak with the southern accent, it's a (canolack), you know, sorta ..slow and the ..different words ..have much long sound ..we do in the north.
/ haha.:D
/ drawl, we here the "southern drawl", when we go to the southern US.
Well, thanks for joining us today.
_________________Pan. 2003.
*****************************************************************
Lesson 10,
Marlena Smalls and The Gullah: The Revival of a Unique Community
原音再現(xiàn)？
Does the name Marlena Smalls ring a bell? Probably not. At least not yet. If this large woman with an even larger smile and sparkling eyes has her way, however, the language, customs, and songs of the Gullah will become happily familiar to millions of peole outside of the Sea Islands. For it is Mrs. Smalls' dream that through her and her performing troupe's efforts their Gullah community will no longer be an isolated, anachronistic hangover from the days of slavery in the United States, but a vibrant cultureal addition to the 21st century global village.
The Sea Islands comprise a group of islands just off the southeast US Atlantic coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Descendants of slaves settled here tilling the fertile land of these islands and the adjacent coastline. A rich overlay of a mixture of West African languages onto 17th and 18th century colonial English has resulted in Gullah, a creole language featuring its unique blend of African tongues and pidgin English. Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists. A few words have been added into contemporary mainstream American English. These include goober (peanut), gumbo (okra), and voodoo (witchcraft). The word Gullah itself also hails from West Africa. Many of this ethnic group's given names are taken directly from languages passed down for hundreds of years, such Abiona and Pitipa. American English is the language used when dealing with outsiders, but Gullah is the language of the marketplace and the home.
As with most African cultures, the Gullah have a rich tradition of music. The banjo, a stringed musical instrument, was an African invention brought over with the slaves tothe New World. It has been popularized in both North America and Europe over the past 200 years. A great variety of drums, too, accompanied African music to the colonies in North and South America. Singing both solo and a cappella with rich harmonies was also part of the slave heritage. Despite their demanding and depressing lives, the slaves held their original languages and music as well as their masters' Christianity close to their hearts. Much of the music today involves church music, also referred to as spirituals or gospel music.
An evening with Marlena Smalls and her Hallelujah Singers is nothing short of inspirational. They are dressed at times in traditional African clothing, and at other times int eh simple and conservative rural dress of Southern US society. This unusual performance includes much singing, frequent samples of Gullah as used in the marketplace or between women gossiping. A great deal of emphatic body language, and even occasional tribal dance steps to thumping drums and enthusiastic shouting are also features of the performance. Mrs. Smalls introduces the background to individual songs or other performances to help the audience---often peppered with overseas tourists---have a clearer idea of how the Gullah communicate to each other. Even without the helpful introductions, however, music lovers will appreciate the peerless singing quality of the Hallelujah Singers as they render their traditional folk songs with obvious love and pride. Interspersed with Mrs. Smalls witty and classy narrative, the evening passes all too quickly.
It is refreshing to know that some ethnic groups are proudly clinging to their priceless legacies. Despite the tragedy of their origins in slavery, the Gullah have survived and revived to produce a viable, envirable folk culture even amidst the technological wonders of the 21st century. We can be thankful that in concert or on recorded media, Marlena Smalls and the Hallelujah Singers will touch all of us listeners with their heartfelt oral tradition through the magic of music.
美國夢想
Hi everybody, welcome again to Radio English on Sunday.
This is Bruce.
/And this is Peter.
Join us today on page seventy eight for unit ten, we have quite a special lesson for you, and I doubt very many of our listeners haven't even heard of the Gullah, but by the end of today's lesson, you'll be familiar with these people and their culture. Let's take a look now at "Marlena Smalls and the Bullah." , the Revival of a Unique Community.
________________revival, n,
The act or an instance of reviving.
蘇醒，復活新生的行為或實例
The condition of being revived.
復蘇被給予新生的狀態(tài)
A restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor after a period of obscurity or quiescence.
重振，恢復在一段時期的默默無聞或平靜之后重歸使用、接納、活動或活力
A new presentation of an old play, movie, opera, ballet, or similar vehicle.
復興，重新流行舊的戲劇、電影、歌劇、芭蕾或類似媒介物的新出現(xiàn)
A time of reawakened interest in religion.
宗教覺醒期恢復對宗教興趣的時期
A meeting or series of meetings for the purpose of reawakening religious faith, often characterized by impassioned preaching and public testimony.
奮興會，奮興布道會以恢復宗教信仰為目的集會或一系列集會，以令人激動的布道及公眾宣言為特征
Law
【法律】
Renewal of validity or effect, as of a contract or judicial decision.
重新生效，再生效有效性或效果的恢復，如合同或法庭裁決
/ Well, this article must be very interesting, because the title seems a little bit bizarre, actually.
/ That's right. The Gullah, I don't think any of our listener are familiar with them, and this we will see, Marleana Smalls is not a very famous woman, at least not yet. Let's find out what community were talking about by reading through the first introductory paragraph and get a better idea of what today's lesson is going to be about.
/ Mmm-hum, and also please be all ears, because as I said, this article must be a meaty one.
/ Mmm, let's teach you something about both African and North American cultures.
meaty, means that it has a lot of interesting or important information for us digest.
_____________meaty, adj,
meat.i.er; meat.i.est;
Of or relating to meat.
肉的
Having the flavor or smell of meat.
有肉味的
Full of or containing meat.
滿是肉的或含肉的
Heavily fleshed.
多肉的，粗壯的
Prompting considerable thought:
發(fā)人深思的；耐人尋味的：
a meaty theme for study and debate.
一個值得研究和討論的發(fā)人深思的主題
The article was very meaty.
bizarre, adj,
Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd.
古怪的風格或外表上不落陳套的和牽強的；古怪的
See: fantastic
Does the name Marlena Smalls ring a bell? Probably not. At least not yet. If this large woman with an even larger smile and sparkling eyes has her way, however, the language, customs, and songs of the Gullah will become happily familiar to millions of people outside of the sea islands. For it is Miss Smalls' dreams that through her and her performing troupe's efforts their Gullah Community (什么狗*） will no longer be an isolated，anachronistic hangover from the days of slavery in the US, but a vibrant cultural addition to the 21st century global village.
So in this introduction, we find out about Marlena Smalls, she is the leader of a performing troupe, we can see that word "troupe" on line six, and this community from which she and her performers come is called the "Gullah". They live on the Sea Island, we'll find out where those are in just a moment, but what she is trying to do is to preserve, to revive and then preserve her community's culture, for the benefit of her own people, but also to contribute to the twenty first century global village.
/ Preserve, here means to 保存，to preserve our culture.
"that names rings a bell", this is quite useful, a very useful expression,
/ It means to remind somebody or, if you hear a person's name or a place, or a title of a book, and suddenly you say, gee, I am pretty sure I heard of that name before, but am not quite sure but I am pretty sure that I've heard it before.
/ 好象是聽見過，就是想不起來，does Peter Lai, this name ring a bell?
/ Yes, among the police, :P
/ burglar, he's a burglar, because he steals our hearts.
/ When it is between young men and women, what could it mean?
/ Well, it can mean simply that you sweep someone off, their feet, they see you and fall in love with you, you steal their hearts.
/ to sweep someone off his feet, means to charm somebody so deeply, or impress somebody so deeply, that you fall in love at first sight.
/ 一掃就把他掃倒了，把他給迷死的意思，
Ok, let's continue and find out more about the Sea Island and where this unique community is located.
The Sea Island comprise a group of Islands just off the Southeast US Atlantic coast of South (Karalina) and (Geoger), 地名，descendants of slave settled here tilling the fertile land of these islands and the adjacent coastline. A rich overlay of a mixture of West African languages onto 17th and 18th century colonial English has resulted in Gullah, a creole language featuring its unique blend of African tongues and pidgin English. Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists. A few words have been added into contemporary mainstream American English. These include goober (peanut), gumbo (okra), and voodoo (witchcraft). The word Gullah itself also hails from West Africa. Many of this ethnic group's given names are taken directly from languages passed down for hundreds of years, such as Abiona and Pitipa. American English is the language used when dealing with outsiders, but Gullah is the language of the marketplace and the home.
So now we are in the Southeastern United States, off the coast of South Karalina and Geogier, there're a group of islands, which we call the Sea Islands, this is where the Gullah settled, as well as on the coastline, close to these islands. They were settled by slaves, who then later after they became free, continue to work on the islands and on the coastline. They kept their original African languages and customs, but of course they use English when they deal with outsiders that would refer to either blacks or whites on the main land who are not part of this Gullah community.
/ But...have you ever personally seen people from this area?
/ Yes. I went to a performance with Marlena Smalls and her Calilua singers, we'll be talking about them in just a few paragraphs, and it is almost like singing Africans when you see them in their traditional dress and performing their music and their songs, many of which use words from African languages.
/ Do they sing in harmony?
/ Oh, beautiful,
/ Really?
/ Yeah. I am sure you of all people, Peter, because you love music so much, would appreciate a night, listening to their performance.
/ Mmm, then their music must sound a little bit like this, ...I am a little bit hungry...:D
/ Haha, no.
/ To sing in harmony. Now I have a question over here, with regard to the spelling of this particular word, that is, a line...something, you know, towards the end, pidgin English.
/ Mmm-hum,
/ We of course know, know that pidgin English means (broken) English,
/ That's right,
/ But some people would spell this word using a different word "pigeon", 鴿子
10:00 but this pigeon, as you said, is a language which is created when two cultures mixed together and they can't speak each other's language at first but they quickly find a simple way to communicate, that is called a "pigeon language".
/ 所以洋涇汀英語是用pidgin English.
___Any of several pidgins based on English and now spoken mostly on the Pacific islands and in West Africa.
混雜英語，洋涇濱英語以英語為基礎的幾種混雜語，現(xiàn)主要在太平洋島嶼和西非的人講
Ok, let's go ahead now.
As with most African cultures, the Gullah have a rich tradition of music. The banjo, a strange musical instrument, was an African invention brought over with the slaves to the new world. It has been popularized in both North America and Europe over the past two hundred years. A great variety of drums, too, accompanied African music to the colonies in North and South America. Singing both solo and a cappella with rich harmonies was also part of the slave heritage. Despite their demanding and depressing lives, the slaves held their original languages and music as well as their masters' Christianity close to their hearts. Much of the music today involves church music, also referred to as spirituals or gospel music.
Here, too, we find out more about the culture of the Gullah, and how close it is to the original African cultures. However we also learn that, while in the New World, the slaves learned about Christianity, and held it close to their hearts, they believe deeply in Christianity, and it shows because some of their music which they sing is church music, a church song, we can call a spiritual, or in general gospel music. We also learn this paragraph that the banjo was an African invention, that is a five-stringed instrument, and it is round at the bottom, it is like a circle at the bottom, with five strings, the banjo was African and brought over to the New World.
/ slave, + to,
Don't be a slave to money. 不要說 be a slave of money.
enslave, v, + by,
Don't be enslaved by money.
to be referred to as...被稱作是...
Some students refer to Fireman as their heroes.
Let's go ahead and finish the last paragraph on this page and go over to the next.
An evening with Marlena Samlls and her Harlalua singers is nothing short of inspirational . They are dressed at times in traditional African clothing, and at other times in the simple and conservative rural dress of Southern US society. This unusual performance includes much singing, frequent samples of Gullah as used in the marketplace, or between women gossiping. A great deal of emphatic body language and even occasional tribal dance steps thumping drums and enthusiastic shouting are also features of the performance. Ms Smalls introduces the background to individual songs or other performances to help the audience, often peppered with overseas tourists, have a clearer idea of how the Gullah Communicate to each other. Even without the helpful introductions, however, music lovers will appreciate the peerless singing quality of the Hallelujah singers as they render their traditional folk songs with obvious love and pride. Interspersed with Mrs. Smalls witty and classy narrative, the evening passes all too quickly.
_________emphatic, adj, -----> emphatically, adv,
Expressed or performed with emphasis:
強調(diào)的以強調(diào)的形式表達或履行的：
responded with an emphatic No.?
斬釘截鐵地回答“不”
Forceful and definite in expression or action.
強烈的，肯定的表達或行為強烈且明確的
Standing out in a striking and clearly defined way.
引人注目的，顯著的以顯著和明確定義的方式予以突出的
He answered the question with an emphatic 'No'.
他用一個加強語氣的'不'字回答了這個問題。
_________peerless,
Being such as to have no match; incomparable.
無可匹敵的；無雙的
incomparable, without a rival, unrivaled, second to none, matchless, unbeatable, unsurpassed, unparalleled, unequaled, invincible,
______render, v,
To perform an interpretation of (a musical piece, for example).
演奏，詮釋對（如音樂作品）進行藝術處理
To express in another language or form; translate.
翻譯用另一種語言或形式進行表達；翻譯
Well, I was there, for one of these performances and that's how I could write this particular paragraph, the Hallelujah singers with Marlena Smalls and their director, is an inspirational group. For one thing, Ms Smalls was misnamed, she's a huge woman, very very big woman, and even big smile, and you feel as though you have known her all your life by the end of the evening. She's such a friendly woman; she walks off the stage and into the audience and greets people individually, tells jokes, then goes back on the stage for performance. She has great wit, we mentioned, 倒數(shù)第二行，she has witty narrative; she has a lot of funny things to say during the evening to make people comfortable, and some of the audience have come from overseas because they have heard about this particular group. Their singing is peerless, it's perfect. The music is fun or interesting, sometimes sad like the blues, and it's the ...I can't think of a better way to spend about an hour and a half of your life.
/ ..that name "Smalls" is misnamed. 名字取錯羅。
/ Let me add here, for the noun, we say misnomer, so we could also say here that the name "Smalls" is a misnomer. It seems like a wrong word to use here because she's such a large woman.
/...is nothing short of ...簡直是， 完全是，is very...
Ok, shall we go ahead and finish up the last paragraph? 1850
It is refreshing to know that some ethnic groups are proudly clinging to their priceless legacies. Despite the tragedy of their origins in slavery, the Gullah has survived and revived to produce a viable, enviable folk culture even the amidst the technological wonders of the twenty first century. We can be thankful that in concert or on recorded media, Maleana Smalls and the Hullalujah singers will touch all of us listeners with their heartfelt oral tradition through the magic of music.
____________ethnic, adj,
Of or relating to sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage.
種族的，人種的屬于或關于相當大規(guī)模人的群體的，群體中的成員擁有共同的和獨特的種族的、民族的、宗教的、語言的或文化的遺產(chǎn)
Being a member of a particular ethnic group.
種族一員的作為一特定種族集團中的成員的
Of, relating to, or distinctive of members of such a group:
種族風格的屬于，關于或區(qū)別于這樣一個集團中的成員的：
ethnic restaurants; ethnic art.
民族風味的飯館；民族藝術
cling to, cling on to, stick,
粘著［住］， 緊貼， 卷［繞］住（to）
堅持， 墨守， 依附于， 依靠， 抱住...不放， 抱定（希望）（to）
緊握， 擁抱
clinging garments
緊身衣
clinging vine
[美俚]慣于依靠男人的婦女
cling to a purpose
堅持目的
cling to the last hope
抱定后希望， 決不灰心
He is of a clinging sort.
他是那種總要依靠別人的人。
They clung together when the time came to part.
分離的時候到了， 他們緊抱著不肯分開。
clingy
adj.
粘住的; 緊貼的; 易粘的
cling, clung, clung,
To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining:
緊握，粘著緊緊抓住或粘著在某物上，如通過抓、粘、抱或纏繞的方式：
clung to the rope to keep from falling; fabrics that cling to the body.
抓牢繩子以防掉下；緊貼身的衣服
To remain close; resist separation:
依靠保持親近；防止分開：
We clung together in the storm.
暴風中我們緊緊依偎
To remain emotionally attached; hold on:
堅持保留感情上的聯(lián)系；堅持：
clinging to outdated customs.
墨守陳規(guī)
legacy,
Money or property bequeathed to another by will.
遺產(chǎn)，遺贈根據(jù)遺囑留給另一個人的金錢或財產(chǎn)
Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past:
遺產(chǎn)祖先、前人或過去相傳下來的某種東西：
a legacy of religious freedom.
宗教自由的遺產(chǎn)
See: heritage
這個字在本課中是用了復數(shù)的。legacies.
amidst,
Variant of amid
amid的變體
viable,
Capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions.
能居的在良好的狀態(tài)下能夠存活、發(fā)展或發(fā)芽的
Capable of living outside the uterus. Used of a fetus or newborn.
能生存的在子宮外能存活的。用于胎兒或者新生兒
Capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable:
可行的可望成功的或有持續(xù)效果的；切實可行的：
a viable plan; a viable national economy.
可行的計劃；可望成功的國家經(jīng)濟
___________
The Gullah has survived slavery, which of course was very difficult and depressing period, and since then, they have kept their African language and customs, and have preserved it and revived it, they've made their own people more interested in their traditional culture, and the Hullelujar singers tour around the world...I hope that they'll be in your areas soon and you could have a chance. I guarantee an evening you'll never forget. We think of the twenty first century with all its technology as being wonderful, but we shouldn't forget that ethnic groups, simple ethnic groups also have (marbles) and wonders of their own, we can appreciate both as we enter the twenty first century.
/We know that these people speak Gullah at home, but as they talk to foreigners or, you know, outsiders, so to speak, they speak American English, but do they carry a very heavy accent?
/ Well, they are from the south and they are from the rural south of the US, so yes, they speak with the southern accent, it's a (canolack), you know, sorta ..slow and the ..different words ..have much long sound ..we do in the north.
/ haha.:D
/ drawl, we here the "southern drawl", when we go to the southern US.
Well, thanks for joining us today.
_________________Pan. 2003.
*****************************************************************
Lesson 10,
Marlena Smalls and The Gullah: The Revival of a Unique Community
原音再現(xiàn)？
Does the name Marlena Smalls ring a bell? Probably not. At least not yet. If this large woman with an even larger smile and sparkling eyes has her way, however, the language, customs, and songs of the Gullah will become happily familiar to millions of peole outside of the Sea Islands. For it is Mrs. Smalls' dream that through her and her performing troupe's efforts their Gullah community will no longer be an isolated, anachronistic hangover from the days of slavery in the United States, but a vibrant cultureal addition to the 21st century global village.
The Sea Islands comprise a group of islands just off the southeast US Atlantic coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Descendants of slaves settled here tilling the fertile land of these islands and the adjacent coastline. A rich overlay of a mixture of West African languages onto 17th and 18th century colonial English has resulted in Gullah, a creole language featuring its unique blend of African tongues and pidgin English. Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists. A few words have been added into contemporary mainstream American English. These include goober (peanut), gumbo (okra), and voodoo (witchcraft). The word Gullah itself also hails from West Africa. Many of this ethnic group's given names are taken directly from languages passed down for hundreds of years, such Abiona and Pitipa. American English is the language used when dealing with outsiders, but Gullah is the language of the marketplace and the home.
As with most African cultures, the Gullah have a rich tradition of music. The banjo, a stringed musical instrument, was an African invention brought over with the slaves tothe New World. It has been popularized in both North America and Europe over the past 200 years. A great variety of drums, too, accompanied African music to the colonies in North and South America. Singing both solo and a cappella with rich harmonies was also part of the slave heritage. Despite their demanding and depressing lives, the slaves held their original languages and music as well as their masters' Christianity close to their hearts. Much of the music today involves church music, also referred to as spirituals or gospel music.
An evening with Marlena Smalls and her Hallelujah Singers is nothing short of inspirational. They are dressed at times in traditional African clothing, and at other times int eh simple and conservative rural dress of Southern US society. This unusual performance includes much singing, frequent samples of Gullah as used in the marketplace or between women gossiping. A great deal of emphatic body language, and even occasional tribal dance steps to thumping drums and enthusiastic shouting are also features of the performance. Mrs. Smalls introduces the background to individual songs or other performances to help the audience---often peppered with overseas tourists---have a clearer idea of how the Gullah communicate to each other. Even without the helpful introductions, however, music lovers will appreciate the peerless singing quality of the Hallelujah Singers as they render their traditional folk songs with obvious love and pride. Interspersed with Mrs. Smalls witty and classy narrative, the evening passes all too quickly.
It is refreshing to know that some ethnic groups are proudly clinging to their priceless legacies. Despite the tragedy of their origins in slavery, the Gullah have survived and revived to produce a viable, envirable folk culture even amidst the technological wonders of the 21st century. We can be thankful that in concert or on recorded media, Marlena Smalls and the Hallelujah Singers will touch all of us listeners with their heartfelt oral tradition through the magic of music.
美國夢想