賴世雄高級(jí)22課
Hi, everyone, and welcome again to Radio English on Sunday. This is Bruce,
/ and this is Peter,
/ today we take a look at unit twenty two, Boston: Heart of American Culture.
Last week we talked a little bit about New England, when we talked about the stories of (Mobydick 人名) and of (Jaws,) today we take a look at the largest and most important city in that region, Boston, the city of Boston.
Let's get busy reading through. We read paragraph by paragraph for you; first I read it in English and then Peter will review the more important vocabulary items or structures for you to pay attention to. Then, when we finish reading and explaining the whole article, we go back for a final reading. Please listen now to the first reading of the first paragraph.
When people think of "American culture and values", they are unconsciously referring to a set of principles, a world view, and a lifestyle which can best be found in Boston. Capital of the state of Massachusetts, and the major city in all of New England. Those six relatively small states tucked away in the northeastern corner of the US. Although Boston is perhaps the seventh or eighth largest city in the US, no other city in America can compare with the influence which Boston has had on the development of government, education, medicine and the arts.
________tuck
v.tr.
To make one fold or several folds in.
打褶
To gather up and fold, thrust, or turn in so as to secure or confine:
折短，卷起收起并折起、塞進(jìn)或翻進(jìn)以便弄穩(wěn)固或約束：
She tucked her scarf into her blouse.
她把圍巾塞進(jìn)罩衫內(nèi)
To put in a snug spot.
置于隱蔽處
To put in an out-of-the-way, snug place:
使隱藏置于偏遠(yuǎn)而隱蔽的地方：
a cabin that was tucked among the pines.
隱藏在松樹(shù)間的小屋
To store in a safe spot; save:
存放于安全地；儲(chǔ)藏：
tuck away a bit of lace; tuck away millions.
藏起一點(diǎn)兒花邊；藏起億萬(wàn)元錢(qián)
To draw in; contract:
縮進(jìn)；收縮：
He tucked his chin into his chest.
他把下巴縮到胸前
vt.
卷起, ?? 折短; 在衣服上打橫褶(up)
包起, 卷緊
使蓋好被子安睡(up, in)
把...塞[擠]進(jìn); 藏起(in, into); 使隱藏(away); 使蜷曲
用網(wǎng)兜把魚(yú)從網(wǎng)中撈出
[俚]絞死, 吊死(up)
[英俚]大吃(in, away, into)
tuck one's book under sth.
把書(shū)夾在[塞在]....底下
tuck the child up in bed
為孩子把被蓋好(并把被邊塞進(jìn)墊褥底下)
be tucked away in a wardrobe
被藏在衣柜里
tuck away both steak and chicken
大嚼牛排和雞肉
The bird tucked its head under its wing.
鳥(niǎo)把頭縮進(jìn)翅膀下。
T-him up!
勒死他!
tuck away
藏起來(lái)
Here we focus on Boston, which is the capital and largest city of Messichusetts, in the northeastern corner we say of the country. New England is quite a small area, and it doesn't have a big population, but over the development of the US it has had a great influence on the type of culture, which America has today. This influence can best be seen by visiting Boston, and you will notice, that it's government, the educational (pocilities) the medical (pocilities) and the art schools and art troops and so on are very well-developed there, and they were more or less the seeds from which other such institutions grew throughout the rest of the United States.
/ Right. Particularly as far as education is concerned. This city, Boston, is a very very important one, because many good schools are located in or near Boston.
/ Right.
/ Messichusetts, by the way, is the state reminds me of a very old song that used to be very popular (at) the nineteen sixties. [Singing a song...]
/ As you know, Americans have different accents or dialects, so as you travel through the country, you will hear the names of cities or other places pronounced differently. After all if we travel around China, we also hear many dialects spoken so we shouldn't be surprised to hear that Americans speak in different dialects, too.
/ to be tucked away, ..
__________tuck, v, 使隱藏，使隱蔽，
Some of the wildest natural scenery in the US is tucked away in Maine, New England.
美國(guó)有些原始的自然景觀都隱藏在新英蘭的緬因州而鮮為人知。
/ to tuck them into bed at night.
/ What does this mean?
/ Oh, that was one my favorite childhood memories when Dad or Mom, when we were ready for sleep, we had sheets on the bed and blanket also in winter, and they would put the sheet or blanket under the (matress), firmly, securely, and it gave you a little bit pressure but it made you feel warm and secure, too. And this is tucking children into bed. As a child, that was one of my favorite memories.
/ 小孩子塞進(jìn)毯子里頭的意思， 溫暖，安全的感覺(jué)，
Ok, let's continue now finding out more about Boston.
This influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role in the building of a new nation. Many people think that the United States was established in seventeen seventy six, however, that was the year of the Declaration of Independence, a revolutionary document claiming self-rule from its mother country, England. Actual independence, the formation of a government with an acting present, George Washington, did not begin until seventeen eighty nine. Boston was nearly mid-aged then, as it had had its beginnings a century and a half earlier, in sixteen thirty. It maintained its position as the colonies' pre-eminent center for politics, education, and commerce until the mid-eighteenth century, when both New York and (Philiodelvia 地名), the young nation's first and second capitals respectively, overtook Bostin in size.
_______self-rule, = self-government, 自治
___________overtake,
o.ver.took;
AHD: o.ver.tak.en;
AHD: o.ver.tak.ing; o.ver.takes;
To catch up with; draw even or level with.
趕上，追上；和…打成平局，與…不分勝負(fù)
To pass after catching up with.
超過(guò)追上然后超過(guò)
To come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise:
突然侵襲突然降臨于；意外地碰上：
geopolitical strategists who were overtaken by events in the Middle East.
在中東地區(qū)遭遇到很多意外的地理政治學(xué)戰(zhàn)略家
追[趕]上; 超過(guò)
突然侵襲; 壓倒
overtake another car
超過(guò)另一輛車(chē)
be overtaken by a storm
突然受到暴風(fēng)雨襲擊
be overtaken in [with] drink
喝醉
be overtaken with terror
被嚇倒
We take a look in this paragraph at Boston's history, from sixteen thirty, when it began, when it was established, until about seventeen fifties, or seventeen sixties, for that century and a half or so, Boston was the most important city of the young colonies and the, oh that's right, the (calt) colonial period, when there were thirteen colonies, that was not yet the country of the US. During that period of America's growth, Boston was the most important city. It was the largest city, the center of political power, commercial or financial power, and of education as well. It also provided the state of Messichusetts (地名，馬薩什么什么的) with, provided the US with many of its early presidents, which shows its power, even in this century. JaneCanidy (人名 肯尼迪什么什么的) was the last president elected from Messichusetts, George Bush was born there, although he was a resident of Texas (得克殺死州) when he was elected as President. Many of our presidents were born or educated in the state of Massachusetts.
/ ...this influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role...
is due to, 表示由于...
他的成功部分是因?yàn)槲覀兊膸椭?His success is due in part to our help. in part, 部分地，due partly to our help.
那么 this influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role ...這個(gè)in no small part ..其實(shí)等于 mainly,
..this influence is due mainly to Boston's central role ...
/ Ok, let's continue on the next page.
Boston was settled by religious immigrants from the church of England. It was with these early settlers that the first outlines of an American culture began. A strict adherence to religious dicta, diligence in work, educational aspirations and conservative lifestyle. Because Boston is closer to Europe than any other city in the US, is was the point of entry to the colonies until the nineteen century, when New York became the new magnet for the poor, tired, and huddled masses, who were to become the backbone of the new American economy. Boston remained, however, an important commercial center until the twentieth century.
_________adherence, n
n.
The process or condition of adhering.
粘附，附著粘附的過(guò)程或狀況
Faithful attachment; devotion:
堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)信忠誠(chéng)的情感；忠實(shí)：
揂dherence to the rule of law . . . is a very important principle?William H. Webster)
“遵守法律…是一條非常重要的原則”
n.
遵守; 支持(常指精神支持); 忠誠(chéng)
粘著[附, 結(jié)]; 粘著(力)
固著; 連接
流入, 注入
rigid adherence to rules
嚴(yán)守規(guī)律
______dicta,
dictum
n
-ta 或 -tums
宣言；聲明；格言；警句
We find out about who settled Boston, these were religious immigrants; these were people who wanted to freely practise their religion, they couldn't do this in the England of the seventeenth century, so they went by ship to the north American continent, to the English colonies there, or they settled up English colonies there, and these people had certain trace or characteristics which we can still find among the people of New England. 1032 They're very religious; they follow their religions very carefully; they work very hard; they try to get as much education as they can, and they live rather conservatively. They don't buy a lot of fancy things; they live a regular daily life. Get up at the same time every morning; they have the meals at the same time everyday, and they go to bed after the evening news every night. It's a very conservative lifestyle. Now Boston has a lot of European influence, and although it was earlier the biggest city in the US, New York, during the nineteenth century, quickly overcame or overplayed Boston in size and power, because many of the new immigrants went to New York rather than to Boston, because New York has an excellent harbor, and it's a much larger area to develop the city in.
/ Even today those people from Boston give me the idea that they are very conservative, very conservative. If I were to live in that area, wow, then I don't know what will happen to me.
/ Well, Boston will go down hill, if you move there. :P
/ adherence, n, ---> adhere, v, adhere to, 1, 堅(jiān)守，追隨，擁護(hù)，2，粘附，粘著，
You have to adhere to your principles. 堅(jiān)守你的原則，You have to abide by your principles. 在口語(yǔ)里干脆用you have to stick to your principles.
/ ..in oral English we often say "to stick to your principles".
/ ..for "the poor, tired, and huddled" masses, ..what does the word "huddle" exactly mean?
/ I believe these words are written on the statue of liberty. And the Statue of Liberty is the same, "give me your poor, tired, and huddled masses", here the people from Europe came by boat to the US, and they were huddled together; they put many many people together on these boats, so really "huddled" means "crowded" here.
_________the Statue of Liberty, 老美的自由女神像，
________Declaration of Independence, 老美的獨(dú)立宣言，
Next paragraph, second paragraph on this page.
Today, Boston caters to finance and banking, education and medicine, with some of the top international mutual fund and insurance companies, world-renowned educational institutes, and state of the art, medical centers and schools. The city has also managed to preserve much of its earlier identity as the home of the American revolution. Thus, tourism is an important sector in the economy of Boston as well. Like San Francisco or New Orleans, Boston has a reputation for being a pleasant city to admire while walking around it.
_________________cater:
To provide food or entertainment.
提供食物或娛樂(lè)
To be particularly attentive or solicitous; minister:
特別伺候特別注意或關(guān)心；服伺：
The nurses catered to my every need. The legislation catered to various special interest groups.
護(hù)士們照顧到我的一切需要。立法兼顧了各種特殊利益群體
cater
v.tr.
To provide food service for:
供應(yīng)食品為…提供食品服務(wù)：
a business that caters banquets and weddings.
為宴會(huì)和婚禮提供食品的服務(wù)業(yè)
To attend to the wants or needs of.
迎合照顧…的需求或需要
vi.
備辦酒菜, 承辦酒席; 提供食物[娛樂(lè)節(jié)目]
迎合, 投合
特殊照顧
[俚]成對(duì)角線地移動(dòng)或穿過(guò)
a restaurant catering only to the Muslims
專供穆斯林就餐的飯店, 清真館子
cater for the need of the customers
迎合顧客的需求
What about Boston today? Well, finance, banking, education, medicine, also the arts, as well as tourism, help to give Boston a well-rounded economy, and a very professional white color? kind of economy. It's not a large manufactory or agricultural center, most of the industries or businesses there are what we call "white color", businesses or industries.
/ well-rounded, 很全面的，很周全的。2，表示的人的時(shí)候，表示“成熟的，處事周到的”---> mature,
He's well-rounded, ---> he's quite mature,
/ Well, you are well-rounded, too, Peter, :P
/ :D 這是一種開(kāi)玩笑的用法了。很圓的，
/ Oh, yeah, that's right. If you are, uhh, look, I am a little fat, too, so I shouldn't be the (croll) calling the kettle black, what's that?
/ Oh, the pot calling the kettle black. 五十步笑百步，
/ :P We don't call people who are fat "well-rounded". I was just kidding.
Ok, let's continue here.
What can one do in Boston? Important historic sights, well-preserved examples of architecture from the seventeenth through twentieth centuries, and spacious parks invite the tourists or residents to smell the roses while in Boston. Its unhurried but sophisticated citizens boast not only high incomes, but also high levels of education. Music, flourishes here: the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Boston Pops Orchestra offer first-class musical entertainment in both public and private venues. The museum of fine arts is a major world gallery. Science Park, situated midway between Boston and its major satellite city, Cambridge, offers the museum of science. Had enough of high-brow culture? Boston affords its citizens and visitors many first-class restaurants and shopping dockside in (Vanual Hall 地名）. Historic walking tours are a must for the tourists, especially Boston Commons, a city park, and Beacon Hill, with its roads still paved with the original stones from the seventeenth century. Admirers of university campuses steeped in tradition should see Harvard, the nation's oldest university, sixteen thirty six, as well as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Emerson College, Boston College and Boston University, all in the metropolitan area. 1753
_______dockside,
n.
The area adjacent to a boating dock.
碼頭鄰接區(qū)
_______flourish,
v.intr.
To grow well or luxuriantly; thrive:
茂盛，繁盛生長(zhǎng)得好或繁茂；茂盛：
The crops flourished in the rich bottomland.
作物在肥沃的河岸低地生長(zhǎng)繁茂
To do or fare well; prosper:
繁榮實(shí)行或進(jìn)展得好；繁榮：
揘o village on the railroad failed to flourish?John Kenneth Galbraith)
“凡是沿鐵路的村莊都很繁榮”(約翰·肯尼思·加爾布雷斯)
To be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence:
活躍，蓬勃處于多產(chǎn)、優(yōu)秀或有影響的時(shí)期：
an anonymous poet who flourished in the tenth century; painted when Impressionism was flourishing.
一位活躍在10世紀(jì)的無(wú)名詩(shī)人；在印象主義蓬勃的時(shí)期作畫(huà)
To make bold, sweeping movements:
揮舞做出勇敢的、橫掃一切的動(dòng)作：
The banner flourished in the wind.
旗幟在空中飛舞
flourish
v.tr.
To wield, wave, or exhibit dramatically.
揮舞，舞動(dòng)引人注目地?fù)]舞、搖曳或展現(xiàn)
flourish
n.
A dramatic or stylish movement, as of waving or brandishing:
揮舞，揮動(dòng)一個(gè)富有戲劇性的或?yàn)t灑的動(dòng)作，如搖曳或揮舞：
揂 few . . . musicians embellish their performance with a flourish of the fingers?Frederick D. Bennett)
“一些…音樂(lè)家用花俏的彈指動(dòng)作來(lái)裝飾他們的演奏”(弗雷德里克D.貝內(nèi)特)
An embellishment or ornamentation:
花樣，華麗的辭藻裝飾品或修飾物：
signed her name with a distinctive flourish; a long speech with many rhetorical flourishes.
她用惹眼的花體字簽名；一段充滿華麗辭藻的講話
An ostentatious act or gesture:
夸張的行為或手勢(shì)：
a flourish of generosity.
故作慷慨
_______venues,
The scene or setting in which something takes place; a locale:
事件發(fā)生地點(diǎn)某事發(fā)生的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)或背景；事件發(fā)生場(chǎng)所：
搕hat non-cinematic venue of popular nightmares, the discotheque?P.J. O'Rourke)
“迪斯科舞廳，那個(gè)不適合拍流行的恐怖影片的地方”(P.J.奧魯爾克)
A place for large gatherings, as a sports stadium.
會(huì)場(chǎng)大型集會(huì)的地點(diǎn)，如體育館
_______gallery,
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side.
游廊，柱廊有覆蓋物的散步場(chǎng)所，尤指從建筑物側(cè)墻延伸出去的由拱和柱在外側(cè)支持的廊
A long enclosed passage, such as a hallway or corridor.
走廊，長(zhǎng)廊長(zhǎng)的封閉過(guò)道，例如走廊或回廊
A narrow balcony, usually having a railing or balustrade, along the outside of a building.
陽(yáng)臺(tái)，眺望臺(tái)窄的陽(yáng)臺(tái)，通常在建筑物的外側(cè)有欄桿或扶手
A projecting or recessed passageway along an upper story on the interior or exterior of a large building, especially a church, generally marked by a colonnade or an arcade.
頂層通道在建筑物（尤其是教堂）的內(nèi)部或外部凸出或凹進(jìn)的頂層通道，一般是柱廊或拱廊
Lower Southern U.S.seealsoSee: veranda{seealso}See:&B{ veranda}
【美國(guó)南端】seealsoSee: veranda{seealso}See:&B{ veranda}
An upper section, often with a sloping floor, projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater or an auditorium to provide additional seating.
邊座，樓座劇院或大禮堂中為了增加座席，而從后面或側(cè)墻突出的具有傾斜地板的上面部分
The seats in such a section, usually cheaper than those on the main floor.
邊座座位，樓座座位上述邊座的座位，通常比正座的票價(jià)低
The cheapest seats in a theater, generally those of the uppermost gallery.
頂層樓座劇院中便宜的座席，尤指高層樓座
The audience occupying a gallery or cheap section of a theater.
樓座的觀眾，低票價(jià)座的觀眾
A large audience or group of spectators, as at a tennis or golf match.
大批觀眾網(wǎng)球或高爾夫球比賽時(shí)許多的觀眾或成群的觀眾
The general public, usually considered as exemplifying a lack of discrimination or sophistication:
群眾平民，社會(huì)大眾一般的公眾，通常缺乏辨別力和老練程度：
accused the administration of playing to the gallery on the defense issue.
指控行政機(jī)關(guān)在國(guó)防議題中嘩眾取寵
A building, an institution, or a room for the exhibition of artistic work.
展覽館，畫(huà)廊展覽藝術(shù)品專用的建筑物、機(jī)構(gòu)或房間
An establishment that displays and sells works of art.
藝術(shù)品展示處，拍賣(mài)行展覽和售賣(mài)藝術(shù)品的機(jī)構(gòu)或組織
A photographer's studio.
攝影師的工作室
A collection; an assortment:
收集；聚集：
The trial featured a gallery of famous and flamboyant witnesses.
這次審判的特色是有一批聲名顯赫的證人
An underground tunnel or passageway, as in a cave or one dug for military or mining purposes.
隧道，地道地下隧道或通道，如在洞穴內(nèi)的或?yàn)檐娪?、采礦而挖掘的地道
A passage made by a tunneling insect or animal.
_______steep,
adj.
steep.er; steep.est;
Having a sharp inclination; precipitous.
陡的大幅度傾斜的；陡峭的
At a rapid or precipitous rate:
急遽的有快速或急促的速度的：
a steep rise in salaries.
薪水的陡漲
Excessive; stiff:
過(guò)分的；難以接受的：
a steep price.
過(guò)高的價(jià)格
Ambitious; difficult:
有野心的；困難的：
a steep undertaking.
雄心勃勃的事業(yè)
steep
n.
A precipitous slope.
陡坡
v.tr.
To soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given property from.
浸泡為清洗、使軟或獲取所求的性質(zhì)而浸入液體
To infuse or subject thoroughly to.
使?jié)B透或沉溺
To make thoroughly wet; saturate.
使?jié)裢?；浸?BR> steep
v.intr.
To undergo a soaking in liquid.
浸泡在液體中浸泡
steep
n.
The act or process of steeping.
泡的行為或過(guò)程
The state of being steeped.
被浸泡的狀態(tài)
A liquid, bath, or solution in which something is steeped.
浸泡液浸泡物體用的液體或溶劑
If you plan to travel to the northeastern US and you have a chance to visit Boston, or if you are going there to study or work, what can you do there? Huh, you'll find plenty to do there. If you like history or architecture, just walk around the city to enjoy its three hundred and fifty years or more of history, beautiful parks there, too. Do you like music? You'll be in heaven. All kinds of music can be found in Boston, and very good music schools as well. The Museum of Fine Arts is an excellent museum; I've been there myself. Science Park is rather new; I haven't seen there, and it's between Boston and Cambridge. Cambridge is where you'll find both MIT, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology and Harvard. And there's a museum of science there for you to enjoy as well. Lots of good restaurants and interesting shopping can be found in Boston. As we said, just walking around the city, especially the Boston Commons area, and then from there walk up to the Beacon Hill; I've been there many times myself; my father was from Boston.
/ Mmm,
/ So I am used to the city, familiar with the city, and it's like parts of New York and (Philidelphia, 地名0. You can almost feel like you are back in eighteenth century when you walk around those neighborhoods.
/ Beautiful. You just said that your father was from Boston, but how did you end up finally in New York? Boston of course is a lot better than New York city.
/ Well, uhh, my Dad was transferred in his work, so I grew up, I was born in New England, in New (Hanshior, 地名) . I grew up in New York state.
/ I see.
I thought that was because you kept cutting classes over there. :D -->
cut class, 逃課，不上學(xué)，--> skip class
Another question. What is "high-brow culture"?
/ Ok, we have high-brow culture and low-brow culture. High-brow culture, we'll be going to museums, place, uhh, as in the theatre, dance, going to exhibitions, and to book (fairs) , we call this is high-brow culture. Low-brow culture is what Peter does. Discoes, pubs, KTVs, MTVs, and so on, :D we call this low-brow culture.
The last paragraph.
In short, no matter one's interest is, any visitor is sure to enjoy his stay in Boston. Heart of American culture, and still a leader in education, medicine and music.
So don't worry if you go to Boston. You'll find plenty to do there. You'll find more in New York, of course, but, Boston is still one of the great American cities.
Now we'd better go back for our final reading of Boston, heart of American culture.
/ ...are a must for...
A trip to that city is a must for everyone of us.
_____________Pan. 2003. 8.30
*******************************************************************************************************
Lesson 22,
Boston: Hearth of American Culture
波士頓：美國(guó)文化重鎮(zhèn)
When people think of "American culture and values", they are unconsciously referring to a set of principles, a world view, and a lifestyle which can best be found in Boston, capital of the state of Massachusetts and the major city in all of New England, those six relatively small states tucked away in the northeastern corner of the US. Although Boston is perhaps the seventh or eighth largest city in the US, no other city in America can compare with the influence which Boston has had on teh development of government, education, medicine, and the arts.
This influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role in the building of a new nation. Many people think that the Unites States was established in 1776; however, that was the year of the Declaration of Independence, a revolutionary document claiming self-rule from its mother country, England. Actual independence---the formation of a government with an acting president (George Washington)---did not begin until 1789. Boston was nearly middle-aged then, as it had had its beginnings a century and a half earlier, in 1630. It maintained its position as the colonies' pre-eminent center for politics, education, and commerce until the mid-18th century, when both New York and Philadelphia (the young nation's first and second capitals, respectively) overtook Boston in size.
Boston was settled by religious immigrants from the Church or England. It was with these early settlers that the first outlines of an American culture began: a strict adherence to religious dicta, diligence in work, educational aspirations, and a conservative lifestyle. Because Boston is closer to Europe than any other city in the US, it was the point of entry to the colonies until the 19th century, when New York became the new magnet for the "poor, tired, and huddled masses" who were to become the backbone of the new American economy. Boston remained, however, an important commercial center until the 20th century.
Today Boston caters to finance and banking, education, and medicine, with some of the top international mutual fund and insurance companies, world-renowned educational institutes, and state-of-the-art medical centers and schools. The city has also managed to preserve much of its earlier identity as the home of the American Revolution; thus, tourism is an important sector in the economy of Boston as well. Like San Francisco or New Orleans, Boston has a reputation for being a pleasant city to admire while walking around it.
What can one do in Boston? Important historic sites, well-preserved examples of architecture from the 17-20th centuries, and spacious parks invite the tourist or resident to "smell the roses" while in Boston. Its unhurried but sophisticated citizens boast not only high incomes but also high levels of education. Music flourishes here: the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Boston Pops Orchestra offer first-class musical entertainment in both public and private venues. The Museum of Fine Arts is a major world gallery. Scince Park, situated midway between Boston and its major satellite city, Cambridge, offers the Museum of Science. Had enough of "high-brow culture"? Boston affords its citizens and visitors many first-class restaurants and shopping dockside in Faneuil Hall. Historic walking tours are a must for the tourist, especially Boston Commons, a city park, and Beacon Hill, with its roads still paved with the original stones from the 17th century. Admirers of university campuses steeped in tradition should see Harvard, the nation's oldest university (1636), as well as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Emerson College, Boston College, and Boston University, all in the metropolitan area.
In short, no matter one's interest is, any visitor is sure to enjoy his stay in Boston, hearth of American culture and still a leader in education, medicine, and music.
Hi, everyone, and welcome again to Radio English on Sunday. This is Bruce,
/ and this is Peter,
/ today we take a look at unit twenty two, Boston: Heart of American Culture.
Last week we talked a little bit about New England, when we talked about the stories of (Mobydick 人名) and of (Jaws,) today we take a look at the largest and most important city in that region, Boston, the city of Boston.
Let's get busy reading through. We read paragraph by paragraph for you; first I read it in English and then Peter will review the more important vocabulary items or structures for you to pay attention to. Then, when we finish reading and explaining the whole article, we go back for a final reading. Please listen now to the first reading of the first paragraph.
When people think of "American culture and values", they are unconsciously referring to a set of principles, a world view, and a lifestyle which can best be found in Boston. Capital of the state of Massachusetts, and the major city in all of New England. Those six relatively small states tucked away in the northeastern corner of the US. Although Boston is perhaps the seventh or eighth largest city in the US, no other city in America can compare with the influence which Boston has had on the development of government, education, medicine and the arts.
________tuck
v.tr.
To make one fold or several folds in.
打褶
To gather up and fold, thrust, or turn in so as to secure or confine:
折短，卷起收起并折起、塞進(jìn)或翻進(jìn)以便弄穩(wěn)固或約束：
She tucked her scarf into her blouse.
她把圍巾塞進(jìn)罩衫內(nèi)
To put in a snug spot.
置于隱蔽處
To put in an out-of-the-way, snug place:
使隱藏置于偏遠(yuǎn)而隱蔽的地方：
a cabin that was tucked among the pines.
隱藏在松樹(shù)間的小屋
To store in a safe spot; save:
存放于安全地；儲(chǔ)藏：
tuck away a bit of lace; tuck away millions.
藏起一點(diǎn)兒花邊；藏起億萬(wàn)元錢(qián)
To draw in; contract:
縮進(jìn)；收縮：
He tucked his chin into his chest.
他把下巴縮到胸前
vt.
卷起, ?? 折短; 在衣服上打橫褶(up)
包起, 卷緊
使蓋好被子安睡(up, in)
把...塞[擠]進(jìn); 藏起(in, into); 使隱藏(away); 使蜷曲
用網(wǎng)兜把魚(yú)從網(wǎng)中撈出
[俚]絞死, 吊死(up)
[英俚]大吃(in, away, into)
tuck one's book under sth.
把書(shū)夾在[塞在]....底下
tuck the child up in bed
為孩子把被蓋好(并把被邊塞進(jìn)墊褥底下)
be tucked away in a wardrobe
被藏在衣柜里
tuck away both steak and chicken
大嚼牛排和雞肉
The bird tucked its head under its wing.
鳥(niǎo)把頭縮進(jìn)翅膀下。
T-him up!
勒死他!
tuck away
藏起來(lái)
Here we focus on Boston, which is the capital and largest city of Messichusetts, in the northeastern corner we say of the country. New England is quite a small area, and it doesn't have a big population, but over the development of the US it has had a great influence on the type of culture, which America has today. This influence can best be seen by visiting Boston, and you will notice, that it's government, the educational (pocilities) the medical (pocilities) and the art schools and art troops and so on are very well-developed there, and they were more or less the seeds from which other such institutions grew throughout the rest of the United States.
/ Right. Particularly as far as education is concerned. This city, Boston, is a very very important one, because many good schools are located in or near Boston.
/ Right.
/ Messichusetts, by the way, is the state reminds me of a very old song that used to be very popular (at) the nineteen sixties. [Singing a song...]
/ As you know, Americans have different accents or dialects, so as you travel through the country, you will hear the names of cities or other places pronounced differently. After all if we travel around China, we also hear many dialects spoken so we shouldn't be surprised to hear that Americans speak in different dialects, too.
/ to be tucked away, ..
__________tuck, v, 使隱藏，使隱蔽，
Some of the wildest natural scenery in the US is tucked away in Maine, New England.
美國(guó)有些原始的自然景觀都隱藏在新英蘭的緬因州而鮮為人知。
/ to tuck them into bed at night.
/ What does this mean?
/ Oh, that was one my favorite childhood memories when Dad or Mom, when we were ready for sleep, we had sheets on the bed and blanket also in winter, and they would put the sheet or blanket under the (matress), firmly, securely, and it gave you a little bit pressure but it made you feel warm and secure, too. And this is tucking children into bed. As a child, that was one of my favorite memories.
/ 小孩子塞進(jìn)毯子里頭的意思， 溫暖，安全的感覺(jué)，
Ok, let's continue now finding out more about Boston.
This influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role in the building of a new nation. Many people think that the United States was established in seventeen seventy six, however, that was the year of the Declaration of Independence, a revolutionary document claiming self-rule from its mother country, England. Actual independence, the formation of a government with an acting present, George Washington, did not begin until seventeen eighty nine. Boston was nearly mid-aged then, as it had had its beginnings a century and a half earlier, in sixteen thirty. It maintained its position as the colonies' pre-eminent center for politics, education, and commerce until the mid-eighteenth century, when both New York and (Philiodelvia 地名), the young nation's first and second capitals respectively, overtook Bostin in size.
_______self-rule, = self-government, 自治
___________overtake,
o.ver.took;
AHD: o.ver.tak.en;
AHD: o.ver.tak.ing; o.ver.takes;
To catch up with; draw even or level with.
趕上，追上；和…打成平局，與…不分勝負(fù)
To pass after catching up with.
超過(guò)追上然后超過(guò)
To come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise:
突然侵襲突然降臨于；意外地碰上：
geopolitical strategists who were overtaken by events in the Middle East.
在中東地區(qū)遭遇到很多意外的地理政治學(xué)戰(zhàn)略家
追[趕]上; 超過(guò)
突然侵襲; 壓倒
overtake another car
超過(guò)另一輛車(chē)
be overtaken by a storm
突然受到暴風(fēng)雨襲擊
be overtaken in [with] drink
喝醉
be overtaken with terror
被嚇倒
We take a look in this paragraph at Boston's history, from sixteen thirty, when it began, when it was established, until about seventeen fifties, or seventeen sixties, for that century and a half or so, Boston was the most important city of the young colonies and the, oh that's right, the (calt) colonial period, when there were thirteen colonies, that was not yet the country of the US. During that period of America's growth, Boston was the most important city. It was the largest city, the center of political power, commercial or financial power, and of education as well. It also provided the state of Messichusetts (地名，馬薩什么什么的) with, provided the US with many of its early presidents, which shows its power, even in this century. JaneCanidy (人名 肯尼迪什么什么的) was the last president elected from Messichusetts, George Bush was born there, although he was a resident of Texas (得克殺死州) when he was elected as President. Many of our presidents were born or educated in the state of Massachusetts.
/ ...this influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role...
is due to, 表示由于...
他的成功部分是因?yàn)槲覀兊膸椭?His success is due in part to our help. in part, 部分地，due partly to our help.
那么 this influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role ...這個(gè)in no small part ..其實(shí)等于 mainly,
..this influence is due mainly to Boston's central role ...
/ Ok, let's continue on the next page.
Boston was settled by religious immigrants from the church of England. It was with these early settlers that the first outlines of an American culture began. A strict adherence to religious dicta, diligence in work, educational aspirations and conservative lifestyle. Because Boston is closer to Europe than any other city in the US, is was the point of entry to the colonies until the nineteen century, when New York became the new magnet for the poor, tired, and huddled masses, who were to become the backbone of the new American economy. Boston remained, however, an important commercial center until the twentieth century.
_________adherence, n
n.
The process or condition of adhering.
粘附，附著粘附的過(guò)程或狀況
Faithful attachment; devotion:
堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)信忠誠(chéng)的情感；忠實(shí)：
揂dherence to the rule of law . . . is a very important principle?William H. Webster)
“遵守法律…是一條非常重要的原則”
n.
遵守; 支持(常指精神支持); 忠誠(chéng)
粘著[附, 結(jié)]; 粘著(力)
固著; 連接
流入, 注入
rigid adherence to rules
嚴(yán)守規(guī)律
______dicta,
dictum
n
-ta 或 -tums
宣言；聲明；格言；警句
We find out about who settled Boston, these were religious immigrants; these were people who wanted to freely practise their religion, they couldn't do this in the England of the seventeenth century, so they went by ship to the north American continent, to the English colonies there, or they settled up English colonies there, and these people had certain trace or characteristics which we can still find among the people of New England. 1032 They're very religious; they follow their religions very carefully; they work very hard; they try to get as much education as they can, and they live rather conservatively. They don't buy a lot of fancy things; they live a regular daily life. Get up at the same time every morning; they have the meals at the same time everyday, and they go to bed after the evening news every night. It's a very conservative lifestyle. Now Boston has a lot of European influence, and although it was earlier the biggest city in the US, New York, during the nineteenth century, quickly overcame or overplayed Boston in size and power, because many of the new immigrants went to New York rather than to Boston, because New York has an excellent harbor, and it's a much larger area to develop the city in.
/ Even today those people from Boston give me the idea that they are very conservative, very conservative. If I were to live in that area, wow, then I don't know what will happen to me.
/ Well, Boston will go down hill, if you move there. :P
/ adherence, n, ---> adhere, v, adhere to, 1, 堅(jiān)守，追隨，擁護(hù)，2，粘附，粘著，
You have to adhere to your principles. 堅(jiān)守你的原則，You have to abide by your principles. 在口語(yǔ)里干脆用you have to stick to your principles.
/ ..in oral English we often say "to stick to your principles".
/ ..for "the poor, tired, and huddled" masses, ..what does the word "huddle" exactly mean?
/ I believe these words are written on the statue of liberty. And the Statue of Liberty is the same, "give me your poor, tired, and huddled masses", here the people from Europe came by boat to the US, and they were huddled together; they put many many people together on these boats, so really "huddled" means "crowded" here.
_________the Statue of Liberty, 老美的自由女神像，
________Declaration of Independence, 老美的獨(dú)立宣言，
Next paragraph, second paragraph on this page.
Today, Boston caters to finance and banking, education and medicine, with some of the top international mutual fund and insurance companies, world-renowned educational institutes, and state of the art, medical centers and schools. The city has also managed to preserve much of its earlier identity as the home of the American revolution. Thus, tourism is an important sector in the economy of Boston as well. Like San Francisco or New Orleans, Boston has a reputation for being a pleasant city to admire while walking around it.
_________________cater:
To provide food or entertainment.
提供食物或娛樂(lè)
To be particularly attentive or solicitous; minister:
特別伺候特別注意或關(guān)心；服伺：
The nurses catered to my every need. The legislation catered to various special interest groups.
護(hù)士們照顧到我的一切需要。立法兼顧了各種特殊利益群體
cater
v.tr.
To provide food service for:
供應(yīng)食品為…提供食品服務(wù)：
a business that caters banquets and weddings.
為宴會(huì)和婚禮提供食品的服務(wù)業(yè)
To attend to the wants or needs of.
迎合照顧…的需求或需要
vi.
備辦酒菜, 承辦酒席; 提供食物[娛樂(lè)節(jié)目]
迎合, 投合
特殊照顧
[俚]成對(duì)角線地移動(dòng)或穿過(guò)
a restaurant catering only to the Muslims
專供穆斯林就餐的飯店, 清真館子
cater for the need of the customers
迎合顧客的需求
What about Boston today? Well, finance, banking, education, medicine, also the arts, as well as tourism, help to give Boston a well-rounded economy, and a very professional white color? kind of economy. It's not a large manufactory or agricultural center, most of the industries or businesses there are what we call "white color", businesses or industries.
/ well-rounded, 很全面的，很周全的。2，表示的人的時(shí)候，表示“成熟的，處事周到的”---> mature,
He's well-rounded, ---> he's quite mature,
/ Well, you are well-rounded, too, Peter, :P
/ :D 這是一種開(kāi)玩笑的用法了。很圓的，
/ Oh, yeah, that's right. If you are, uhh, look, I am a little fat, too, so I shouldn't be the (croll) calling the kettle black, what's that?
/ Oh, the pot calling the kettle black. 五十步笑百步，
/ :P We don't call people who are fat "well-rounded". I was just kidding.
Ok, let's continue here.
What can one do in Boston? Important historic sights, well-preserved examples of architecture from the seventeenth through twentieth centuries, and spacious parks invite the tourists or residents to smell the roses while in Boston. Its unhurried but sophisticated citizens boast not only high incomes, but also high levels of education. Music, flourishes here: the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Boston Pops Orchestra offer first-class musical entertainment in both public and private venues. The museum of fine arts is a major world gallery. Science Park, situated midway between Boston and its major satellite city, Cambridge, offers the museum of science. Had enough of high-brow culture? Boston affords its citizens and visitors many first-class restaurants and shopping dockside in (Vanual Hall 地名）. Historic walking tours are a must for the tourists, especially Boston Commons, a city park, and Beacon Hill, with its roads still paved with the original stones from the seventeenth century. Admirers of university campuses steeped in tradition should see Harvard, the nation's oldest university, sixteen thirty six, as well as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Emerson College, Boston College and Boston University, all in the metropolitan area. 1753
_______dockside,
n.
The area adjacent to a boating dock.
碼頭鄰接區(qū)
_______flourish,
v.intr.
To grow well or luxuriantly; thrive:
茂盛，繁盛生長(zhǎng)得好或繁茂；茂盛：
The crops flourished in the rich bottomland.
作物在肥沃的河岸低地生長(zhǎng)繁茂
To do or fare well; prosper:
繁榮實(shí)行或進(jìn)展得好；繁榮：
揘o village on the railroad failed to flourish?John Kenneth Galbraith)
“凡是沿鐵路的村莊都很繁榮”(約翰·肯尼思·加爾布雷斯)
To be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence:
活躍，蓬勃處于多產(chǎn)、優(yōu)秀或有影響的時(shí)期：
an anonymous poet who flourished in the tenth century; painted when Impressionism was flourishing.
一位活躍在10世紀(jì)的無(wú)名詩(shī)人；在印象主義蓬勃的時(shí)期作畫(huà)
To make bold, sweeping movements:
揮舞做出勇敢的、橫掃一切的動(dòng)作：
The banner flourished in the wind.
旗幟在空中飛舞
flourish
v.tr.
To wield, wave, or exhibit dramatically.
揮舞，舞動(dòng)引人注目地?fù)]舞、搖曳或展現(xiàn)
flourish
n.
A dramatic or stylish movement, as of waving or brandishing:
揮舞，揮動(dòng)一個(gè)富有戲劇性的或?yàn)t灑的動(dòng)作，如搖曳或揮舞：
揂 few . . . musicians embellish their performance with a flourish of the fingers?Frederick D. Bennett)
“一些…音樂(lè)家用花俏的彈指動(dòng)作來(lái)裝飾他們的演奏”(弗雷德里克D.貝內(nèi)特)
An embellishment or ornamentation:
花樣，華麗的辭藻裝飾品或修飾物：
signed her name with a distinctive flourish; a long speech with many rhetorical flourishes.
她用惹眼的花體字簽名；一段充滿華麗辭藻的講話
An ostentatious act or gesture:
夸張的行為或手勢(shì)：
a flourish of generosity.
故作慷慨
_______venues,
The scene or setting in which something takes place; a locale:
事件發(fā)生地點(diǎn)某事發(fā)生的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)或背景；事件發(fā)生場(chǎng)所：
搕hat non-cinematic venue of popular nightmares, the discotheque?P.J. O'Rourke)
“迪斯科舞廳，那個(gè)不適合拍流行的恐怖影片的地方”(P.J.奧魯爾克)
A place for large gatherings, as a sports stadium.
會(huì)場(chǎng)大型集會(huì)的地點(diǎn)，如體育館
_______gallery,
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side.
游廊，柱廊有覆蓋物的散步場(chǎng)所，尤指從建筑物側(cè)墻延伸出去的由拱和柱在外側(cè)支持的廊
A long enclosed passage, such as a hallway or corridor.
走廊，長(zhǎng)廊長(zhǎng)的封閉過(guò)道，例如走廊或回廊
A narrow balcony, usually having a railing or balustrade, along the outside of a building.
陽(yáng)臺(tái)，眺望臺(tái)窄的陽(yáng)臺(tái)，通常在建筑物的外側(cè)有欄桿或扶手
A projecting or recessed passageway along an upper story on the interior or exterior of a large building, especially a church, generally marked by a colonnade or an arcade.
頂層通道在建筑物（尤其是教堂）的內(nèi)部或外部凸出或凹進(jìn)的頂層通道，一般是柱廊或拱廊
Lower Southern U.S.seealsoSee: veranda{seealso}See:&B{ veranda}
【美國(guó)南端】seealsoSee: veranda{seealso}See:&B{ veranda}
An upper section, often with a sloping floor, projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater or an auditorium to provide additional seating.
邊座，樓座劇院或大禮堂中為了增加座席，而從后面或側(cè)墻突出的具有傾斜地板的上面部分
The seats in such a section, usually cheaper than those on the main floor.
邊座座位，樓座座位上述邊座的座位，通常比正座的票價(jià)低
The cheapest seats in a theater, generally those of the uppermost gallery.
頂層樓座劇院中便宜的座席，尤指高層樓座
The audience occupying a gallery or cheap section of a theater.
樓座的觀眾，低票價(jià)座的觀眾
A large audience or group of spectators, as at a tennis or golf match.
大批觀眾網(wǎng)球或高爾夫球比賽時(shí)許多的觀眾或成群的觀眾
The general public, usually considered as exemplifying a lack of discrimination or sophistication:
群眾平民，社會(huì)大眾一般的公眾，通常缺乏辨別力和老練程度：
accused the administration of playing to the gallery on the defense issue.
指控行政機(jī)關(guān)在國(guó)防議題中嘩眾取寵
A building, an institution, or a room for the exhibition of artistic work.
展覽館，畫(huà)廊展覽藝術(shù)品專用的建筑物、機(jī)構(gòu)或房間
An establishment that displays and sells works of art.
藝術(shù)品展示處，拍賣(mài)行展覽和售賣(mài)藝術(shù)品的機(jī)構(gòu)或組織
A photographer's studio.
攝影師的工作室
A collection; an assortment:
收集；聚集：
The trial featured a gallery of famous and flamboyant witnesses.
這次審判的特色是有一批聲名顯赫的證人
An underground tunnel or passageway, as in a cave or one dug for military or mining purposes.
隧道，地道地下隧道或通道，如在洞穴內(nèi)的或?yàn)檐娪?、采礦而挖掘的地道
A passage made by a tunneling insect or animal.
_______steep,
adj.
steep.er; steep.est;
Having a sharp inclination; precipitous.
陡的大幅度傾斜的；陡峭的
At a rapid or precipitous rate:
急遽的有快速或急促的速度的：
a steep rise in salaries.
薪水的陡漲
Excessive; stiff:
過(guò)分的；難以接受的：
a steep price.
過(guò)高的價(jià)格
Ambitious; difficult:
有野心的；困難的：
a steep undertaking.
雄心勃勃的事業(yè)
steep
n.
A precipitous slope.
陡坡
v.tr.
To soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given property from.
浸泡為清洗、使軟或獲取所求的性質(zhì)而浸入液體
To infuse or subject thoroughly to.
使?jié)B透或沉溺
To make thoroughly wet; saturate.
使?jié)裢?；浸?BR> steep
v.intr.
To undergo a soaking in liquid.
浸泡在液體中浸泡
steep
n.
The act or process of steeping.
泡的行為或過(guò)程
The state of being steeped.
被浸泡的狀態(tài)
A liquid, bath, or solution in which something is steeped.
浸泡液浸泡物體用的液體或溶劑
If you plan to travel to the northeastern US and you have a chance to visit Boston, or if you are going there to study or work, what can you do there? Huh, you'll find plenty to do there. If you like history or architecture, just walk around the city to enjoy its three hundred and fifty years or more of history, beautiful parks there, too. Do you like music? You'll be in heaven. All kinds of music can be found in Boston, and very good music schools as well. The Museum of Fine Arts is an excellent museum; I've been there myself. Science Park is rather new; I haven't seen there, and it's between Boston and Cambridge. Cambridge is where you'll find both MIT, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology and Harvard. And there's a museum of science there for you to enjoy as well. Lots of good restaurants and interesting shopping can be found in Boston. As we said, just walking around the city, especially the Boston Commons area, and then from there walk up to the Beacon Hill; I've been there many times myself; my father was from Boston.
/ Mmm,
/ So I am used to the city, familiar with the city, and it's like parts of New York and (Philidelphia, 地名0. You can almost feel like you are back in eighteenth century when you walk around those neighborhoods.
/ Beautiful. You just said that your father was from Boston, but how did you end up finally in New York? Boston of course is a lot better than New York city.
/ Well, uhh, my Dad was transferred in his work, so I grew up, I was born in New England, in New (Hanshior, 地名) . I grew up in New York state.
/ I see.
I thought that was because you kept cutting classes over there. :D -->
cut class, 逃課，不上學(xué)，--> skip class
Another question. What is "high-brow culture"?
/ Ok, we have high-brow culture and low-brow culture. High-brow culture, we'll be going to museums, place, uhh, as in the theatre, dance, going to exhibitions, and to book (fairs) , we call this is high-brow culture. Low-brow culture is what Peter does. Discoes, pubs, KTVs, MTVs, and so on, :D we call this low-brow culture.
The last paragraph.
In short, no matter one's interest is, any visitor is sure to enjoy his stay in Boston. Heart of American culture, and still a leader in education, medicine and music.
So don't worry if you go to Boston. You'll find plenty to do there. You'll find more in New York, of course, but, Boston is still one of the great American cities.
Now we'd better go back for our final reading of Boston, heart of American culture.
/ ...are a must for...
A trip to that city is a must for everyone of us.
_____________Pan. 2003. 8.30
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Lesson 22,
Boston: Hearth of American Culture
波士頓：美國(guó)文化重鎮(zhèn)
When people think of "American culture and values", they are unconsciously referring to a set of principles, a world view, and a lifestyle which can best be found in Boston, capital of the state of Massachusetts and the major city in all of New England, those six relatively small states tucked away in the northeastern corner of the US. Although Boston is perhaps the seventh or eighth largest city in the US, no other city in America can compare with the influence which Boston has had on teh development of government, education, medicine, and the arts.
This influence is due in no small part to Boston's central role in the building of a new nation. Many people think that the Unites States was established in 1776; however, that was the year of the Declaration of Independence, a revolutionary document claiming self-rule from its mother country, England. Actual independence---the formation of a government with an acting president (George Washington)---did not begin until 1789. Boston was nearly middle-aged then, as it had had its beginnings a century and a half earlier, in 1630. It maintained its position as the colonies' pre-eminent center for politics, education, and commerce until the mid-18th century, when both New York and Philadelphia (the young nation's first and second capitals, respectively) overtook Boston in size.
Boston was settled by religious immigrants from the Church or England. It was with these early settlers that the first outlines of an American culture began: a strict adherence to religious dicta, diligence in work, educational aspirations, and a conservative lifestyle. Because Boston is closer to Europe than any other city in the US, it was the point of entry to the colonies until the 19th century, when New York became the new magnet for the "poor, tired, and huddled masses" who were to become the backbone of the new American economy. Boston remained, however, an important commercial center until the 20th century.
Today Boston caters to finance and banking, education, and medicine, with some of the top international mutual fund and insurance companies, world-renowned educational institutes, and state-of-the-art medical centers and schools. The city has also managed to preserve much of its earlier identity as the home of the American Revolution; thus, tourism is an important sector in the economy of Boston as well. Like San Francisco or New Orleans, Boston has a reputation for being a pleasant city to admire while walking around it.
What can one do in Boston? Important historic sites, well-preserved examples of architecture from the 17-20th centuries, and spacious parks invite the tourist or resident to "smell the roses" while in Boston. Its unhurried but sophisticated citizens boast not only high incomes but also high levels of education. Music flourishes here: the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Boston Pops Orchestra offer first-class musical entertainment in both public and private venues. The Museum of Fine Arts is a major world gallery. Scince Park, situated midway between Boston and its major satellite city, Cambridge, offers the Museum of Science. Had enough of "high-brow culture"? Boston affords its citizens and visitors many first-class restaurants and shopping dockside in Faneuil Hall. Historic walking tours are a must for the tourist, especially Boston Commons, a city park, and Beacon Hill, with its roads still paved with the original stones from the 17th century. Admirers of university campuses steeped in tradition should see Harvard, the nation's oldest university (1636), as well as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Emerson College, Boston College, and Boston University, all in the metropolitan area.
In short, no matter one's interest is, any visitor is sure to enjoy his stay in Boston, hearth of American culture and still a leader in education, medicine, and music.