自考“英語翻譯”完整技巧篇(9)

字號(hào):

8.英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,漢語里一個(gè)有主語有謂語可以獨(dú)立的分句,譯成英語可能就變成了一個(gè)名詞詞組,這就更說明了英語的名詞性特征。
    a. The outbreak of the civil war totally damaged his splendid dream of contributing what he had for his country.(戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)徹底破壞了他那為國奉獻(xiàn)一切的夢(mèng)想。)
    b. The train was delayed by the heavy snowfall. (火車因?yàn)榉e雪而晚點(diǎn)。)
    II. 英語的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)反過來轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語的名詞:一些由名詞派生的表示意愿、情緒等的動(dòng)詞,在翻譯成漢語時(shí)往往還將其返回來譯成名詞:1. This course is intended to provide aid to those women who , for this reason or that, fail to get the opportunity to receive education.(這門課的目的就是給那些因?yàn)榉N種原因沒有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)婦女們提供幫助。)
    2.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like a millionaire , turned out to penniless. (那個(gè)穿著講究,外表和談吐都象百萬富翁的人卻身無分文。)
    3. Gordon Allport , an American psychologist , found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people‘s behavior. (美國的心理學(xué)家高頓。愛爾波特發(fā)現(xiàn)有一萬個(gè)英語單詞可以用來表達(dá)人們行為的不同特征。)
    III.名詞轉(zhuǎn)移成形容詞:1. The speech presented by the visiting scholar left considerable excitement in his mind(那位到訪學(xué)者的演講著實(shí)讓他感到很激動(dòng)。)
    2. The room is small but very cozy and his satisfaction can be read from his face.(這間房間很小但很舒適,從他臉上一眼就可看出他很滿意。)
    IV. 其它詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)譯方法:1.介詞譯成動(dòng)詞a. If it‘s academic success you’re after,you can ‘t neglect studying. (如果你追求學(xué)術(shù)上的成功,一定不能忽視了學(xué)習(xí)。)
    b. Those who are for the program please raise your hand.(同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。)
    c. Will those in favor of the proposal come to attend the meeting next Saturday ?
    (贊成這項(xiàng)提議的人下星期六來開會(huì)好嗎?)
    d. It wasn‘t that I was after money. I just wanted to make sure that he was found guilty again in the civil suit. (并不是因?yàn)槲蚁胍X,我只是想讓他即使是在民事案件方面也被判有罪。)
    2.副詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞:a. In an overcrowded country, very few people own enough to make them financially independent. 在一個(gè)人口過度稠密的國家里,很少有人能在財(cái)政上獨(dú)立。)
    b. To be economically prosperous, China will apply more flexible policies of opening to the outside. (為了能達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)上的繁榮,中國將實(shí)行更為靈活的開放政策。)
    c. Aside from offering financial support, work can keep us healthy not only physically but also mentally.(工作除了能給我們提供財(cái)政上的支持外,還能夠使我們?cè)谏眢w上和心理上保持健康。)
    一些短語中:To be mentally prepared …。,心理上做好準(zhǔn)備To be materially equipped………,物資上作好準(zhǔn)備During the politically eventful late-1960s…。,政治上正置多事之秋的60年代。
    自考英語翻譯技巧五
    關(guān)于加詞、減詞等在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題。
    所謂加詞就是根據(jù)原文的思想內(nèi)涵透過文字表達(dá)上的表面現(xiàn)象,充分照顧到另一種語言的文法特征、描述規(guī)律,在將其翻譯成另一種語言時(shí)該加詞的地方加詞,該減詞的地方減詞,千萬不可以為了可以追求所謂的“精練、簡潔”而隨隨便便地減詞;也不可以離開原文,憑空膩測(cè),隨隨便便加詞。具體地說:
    加詞:
    I.由于詞匯方面的原因而引起的加詞現(xiàn)象:1.加動(dòng)詞由于英語是一門“靜止”的語言,在所有的詞匯當(dāng)中,用名詞的居多;而相比較而言,漢語則無此限制,不管有多少動(dòng)詞都可以并排使用。因此,許多英語的名詞翻譯成漢語時(shí)都要加上一些動(dòng)詞,否則,意思則很不完整,例如:a. But by 1981 he had to have further surgery on his hand. And a month later, he suffered as stroke. (到了1981年,他的手不得不又做了手術(shù)。一個(gè)月以后,他又中風(fēng)了。)
    b. His speech in at the meeting turned out exert an stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day. (他那天在會(huì)上所做的報(bào)告使所有在場(chǎng)的人深受鼓舞。)
    c. He maintain that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance.(他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,只有通過勤奮工作加上不懈的努力才會(huì)取得好的成績。)
    d. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert. (偽劣建筑奪取了很多人的生命,這一點(diǎn)足以使我們的各級(jí)部門提高警惕。)
    e. Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists. (為了一百萬的國內(nèi)外旅客的利益,我們一定為改善服務(wù)質(zhì)量而進(jìn)行努力。)
    f. You ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.(你不應(yīng)該一吃過飯,馬上就去游泳,這是很不明智的。)