While most of us think of the typical Tourette's patient as the rare eccentric who barks obscenities and jerks their arms wildly， a recent study says much more subtle symptoms of Tourette's and related tic disorders are far more common than once thought.
大多數(shù)人認為典型的圖雷特氏病患者十分少見，這些患者的癥狀是用尖銳或咆哮的嗓門說出污*下流的話并且胡亂地揮動著手臂。但最近的研究表明，圖雷特氏病和相關(guān)的抽搐綜合癥的亞臨床癥狀比以前認為的要常見得多。
According to the study published in the journal Neurology， mild tics such as lip puckering， eye rolling， head tossing， and nose scrunching are important clues to diagnosing other learning disabilities.
依據(jù)這項刊登在《神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志上的研究報告，輕微的抽搐如卷舌頭、翻眼睛、搖頭和抽鼻，是診斷其它一些學(xué)習(xí)障礙的重要線索。
"Kids with mild tics are at a higher risk for developing future school problems. This is a way of identifying children ahead of time so they can be monitored - a clue to how the child's brain is organized，" says lead study author Dr. Roger Kurlan， director of the Tourette's Syndrome Clinic and the Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Clinic at the University of Rochester in New York.
本研究第一作者、紐約羅切斯特大學(xué)圖雷特氏綜合癥診所和認知及行為神經(jīng)學(xué)診所的所長Roger Kurlan博士說：“有輕微抽搐的孩子將來發(fā)展成學(xué)習(xí)問題的危險很高，這樣可以提前診斷這些孩子，及早監(jiān)測他們，這也提供了一個幫助了解孩子的腦組成的線索。”
To determine the prevalence of tics and Tourette's syndrome in school-aged children， Kurlan looked at a group of 1，600 children in both regular and special education classrooms in Rochester.
為了解抽搐綜合癥和圖雷特氏癥在學(xué)齡兒童中的發(fā)病情況，Kurlan觀察了來自羅切斯特普通和特殊教育班級的1600名兒童。
Kurlan found that just under 20 percent of children in regular classes and up to 27 percent of children in special education classes showed signs of tics. His study also revealed a three percent incidence of Tourette's in the general population - a rate three to 30 times greater than previous estimates.
Kurlan發(fā)現(xiàn)不到20%的普通班孩子和高達27%的特教班孩子有抽搐的表現(xiàn)。他的研究還揭示了在一般人群中圖雷特氏病的發(fā)病率為3%，這比以前的估計要高出了至少3至30倍。
"People， including parents and doctors， thought Tourette's meant having severe symptoms， but these cases are just the tip of the iceberg. The vast majority of cases have extremely mild cases，" says Kurlan. A lot of children have transient tics during development， but pediatricians usually tell parents not to worry about it， it will go away， and it usually does. The tic turns into a disorder if it lasts for longer than 12 months. And for tics to indicate Tourette's syndrome， both vocal tics （eg， grunting， beeping， throat-clearing） and motor tics （eg， shoulder popping， eye rolling， blinking） must co-exist for longer than a year.
Kurlan說：“包括父母和醫(yī)生在內(nèi)的人，都以為圖特氏病的癥狀很嚴重，但這些嚴重的病例僅是冰山一角，大多數(shù)病例的癥狀極其輕微?！痹S多孩子在發(fā)育過程中有短暫的抽搐，但是兒科醫(yī)生通常會告訴家長不要為此擔(dān)心，這種抽搐會消失，通常情況就是這樣。 假如抽搐持續(xù)超過12個月，抽搐就轉(zhuǎn)為一種病了。此時，如果要確診抽搐者患了圖雷特氏病， 那么聲音抽搐（如發(fā)出呼嚕、嘟嘟，清喉聲）和運動抽搐（如聳肩、翻眼、眨眼）必需同時存在超過一年。
Experts caution that if a parent notices their child has a mild tic， there is little need for immediate alarm unless a learning disability is also suspected.
專家提醒，如果父母發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的孩子有輕微的抽搐，除非他們還懷疑孩子有學(xué)習(xí)障礙，否則幾乎不需要馬上就驚慌不安。
"You really don't need a treatment for tics， but they are a sign you should pay attention to as they may point to other things，" says Kurlan.
Kurlan說：“你真的不需要去治療抽搐，但是它們是一個信號，你應(yīng)該關(guān)注由它們可能預(yù)示的其它問題?！?BR> And experts stress the most important thing for parents of children with tics to keep in mind is the impact on the child's life.
專家強調(diào)，對有抽搐癥狀兒童的父母來說，最重要的是記住抽搐對孩子一生的影響。
大多數(shù)人認為典型的圖雷特氏病患者十分少見，這些患者的癥狀是用尖銳或咆哮的嗓門說出污*下流的話并且胡亂地揮動著手臂。但最近的研究表明，圖雷特氏病和相關(guān)的抽搐綜合癥的亞臨床癥狀比以前認為的要常見得多。
According to the study published in the journal Neurology， mild tics such as lip puckering， eye rolling， head tossing， and nose scrunching are important clues to diagnosing other learning disabilities.
依據(jù)這項刊登在《神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志上的研究報告，輕微的抽搐如卷舌頭、翻眼睛、搖頭和抽鼻，是診斷其它一些學(xué)習(xí)障礙的重要線索。
"Kids with mild tics are at a higher risk for developing future school problems. This is a way of identifying children ahead of time so they can be monitored - a clue to how the child's brain is organized，" says lead study author Dr. Roger Kurlan， director of the Tourette's Syndrome Clinic and the Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Clinic at the University of Rochester in New York.
本研究第一作者、紐約羅切斯特大學(xué)圖雷特氏綜合癥診所和認知及行為神經(jīng)學(xué)診所的所長Roger Kurlan博士說：“有輕微抽搐的孩子將來發(fā)展成學(xué)習(xí)問題的危險很高，這樣可以提前診斷這些孩子，及早監(jiān)測他們，這也提供了一個幫助了解孩子的腦組成的線索。”
To determine the prevalence of tics and Tourette's syndrome in school-aged children， Kurlan looked at a group of 1，600 children in both regular and special education classrooms in Rochester.
為了解抽搐綜合癥和圖雷特氏癥在學(xué)齡兒童中的發(fā)病情況，Kurlan觀察了來自羅切斯特普通和特殊教育班級的1600名兒童。
Kurlan found that just under 20 percent of children in regular classes and up to 27 percent of children in special education classes showed signs of tics. His study also revealed a three percent incidence of Tourette's in the general population - a rate three to 30 times greater than previous estimates.
Kurlan發(fā)現(xiàn)不到20%的普通班孩子和高達27%的特教班孩子有抽搐的表現(xiàn)。他的研究還揭示了在一般人群中圖雷特氏病的發(fā)病率為3%，這比以前的估計要高出了至少3至30倍。
"People， including parents and doctors， thought Tourette's meant having severe symptoms， but these cases are just the tip of the iceberg. The vast majority of cases have extremely mild cases，" says Kurlan. A lot of children have transient tics during development， but pediatricians usually tell parents not to worry about it， it will go away， and it usually does. The tic turns into a disorder if it lasts for longer than 12 months. And for tics to indicate Tourette's syndrome， both vocal tics （eg， grunting， beeping， throat-clearing） and motor tics （eg， shoulder popping， eye rolling， blinking） must co-exist for longer than a year.
Kurlan說：“包括父母和醫(yī)生在內(nèi)的人，都以為圖特氏病的癥狀很嚴重，但這些嚴重的病例僅是冰山一角，大多數(shù)病例的癥狀極其輕微?！痹S多孩子在發(fā)育過程中有短暫的抽搐，但是兒科醫(yī)生通常會告訴家長不要為此擔(dān)心，這種抽搐會消失，通常情況就是這樣。 假如抽搐持續(xù)超過12個月，抽搐就轉(zhuǎn)為一種病了。此時，如果要確診抽搐者患了圖雷特氏病， 那么聲音抽搐（如發(fā)出呼嚕、嘟嘟，清喉聲）和運動抽搐（如聳肩、翻眼、眨眼）必需同時存在超過一年。
Experts caution that if a parent notices their child has a mild tic， there is little need for immediate alarm unless a learning disability is also suspected.
專家提醒，如果父母發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的孩子有輕微的抽搐，除非他們還懷疑孩子有學(xué)習(xí)障礙，否則幾乎不需要馬上就驚慌不安。
"You really don't need a treatment for tics， but they are a sign you should pay attention to as they may point to other things，" says Kurlan.
Kurlan說：“你真的不需要去治療抽搐，但是它們是一個信號，你應(yīng)該關(guān)注由它們可能預(yù)示的其它問題?！?BR> And experts stress the most important thing for parents of children with tics to keep in mind is the impact on the child's life.
專家強調(diào)，對有抽搐癥狀兒童的父母來說，最重要的是記住抽搐對孩子一生的影響。