lesson5
寧為黑人不為女子
Lesson Five I'd Rather Be Black than Female
我是第一位當(dāng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員的黑人婦女，這使我不同凡響。
Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.
國(guó)會(huì)中還有九位黑人議員和十位婦女議員，但我是第一位同時(shí)克服兩個(gè)不利因素的人。
There are nine other blacks in Congress； there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once.
在這兩種不利因素中，是個(gè)女人比是黑人更糟。
Of the two handicaps， being black is much less of a drawback than being female.
如果我說做黑人比做婦女更糟糕，也許沒有人會(huì)對(duì)我的說法提出質(zhì)疑。
If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman， probably no one would question me.
為什么呢？因?yàn)椤氨娝苤保绹?guó)存在著對(duì)黑人的歧視。
Why？ Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America.
說美國(guó)存在著對(duì)婦女的歧視對(duì)于幾乎所有男人——還有大多數(shù)女人來說——卻是不可思議的。
That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men – and， I am afraid， most women – as bizarre.
許多年以來，多數(shù)人看不到社會(huì)存在著對(duì)黑人的歧視。
Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.
當(dāng)黑人終于通過靜坐*、聯(lián)合抵制和自由乘車*的方式以示*，來提及這個(gè)問題時(shí)，他們覺得簡(jiǎn)直難以置信。
When blacks finally started to “mention” it， with sit-ins， boycotts， and freedom rides， Americans were incredulous.
“誰(shuí)，我們？”他們委屈地問道。
“Who， us？” they asked in injured tones.
“我們歧視黑人？”對(duì)美國(guó)白人來說，這是漫長(zhǎng)而痛苦的再教育的開始。
“We're prejudiced？” It was the start of a long， painful reeducation for white America.
他們，包括那些自認(rèn)為是自由主義者的白人——還需要許多年才能發(fā)現(xiàn)并消除他們實(shí)際上都持有的種族主義態(tài)度。
It will take years for whites – including those who think of themselves as liberals – to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.
消除對(duì)婦女的歧視的困難有多大？我確信這將會(huì)是一場(chǎng)更持久的斗爭(zhēng)。
How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women？ I am sure it will be a longer struggle.
部分問題在于比起黑人來美國(guó)婦女被洗腦的程度更深，且更滿足于她們次等公民的角色。
Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second – class citizens than blacks ever were.
我來解釋一下。
Let me explain.
二十多年來我一直積極參與政治活動(dòng)。
I have been active in politics for more than twenty years.
除了最后的那六年，其余那些年干活的是我，我干的是所有無聊瑣碎但對(duì)競(jìng)選勝負(fù)至關(guān)重要的工作——可得到好處的卻是男人，這幾乎就是政界婦女一直以來的命運(yùn)。
For all but the last six， I have done the work – all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day – while men reaped the rewards， which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.
在美國(guó)政界，大部分的工作仍然是由婦女來做——大約300萬志愿者。
It is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world.
她們中任何人所能期待的結(jié)果是有幸當(dāng)選為區(qū)或縣的副主席，這是一個(gè)隔離卻平等的職位，是給那些多年來一直忠實(shí)從事裝信封和組織牌局工作的婦女的獎(jiǎng)賞。
The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman， a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing.
在這種職位上，她可以享受公費(fèi)出差去參加州或全國(guó)性的會(huì)議或代表大會(huì)，在這些場(chǎng)合她的作用就是和她單位的男主席投一樣的票。
I n such a job， she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions， where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.
1963年，當(dāng)我企圖擺脫這一角色代表布魯克林的貝德富錫—斯圖維桑特參加競(jìng)選紐約州眾議院的席位時(shí)，遇到了極大的阻力。
When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant， the resistance was bitter.
從競(jìng)選一開始，我就要面對(duì)他們毫不掩飾的對(duì)女性的敵意。
From the start of that campaign， I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.
但是在四年以后，當(dāng)我競(jìng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員時(shí)，性別問題才成了一個(gè)主要爭(zhēng)端。
But it was four years later， when I ran for Congress， that the question of my sex became a major issue.
我所在黨派的黨員召開秘密會(huì)議討論如何阻止我參加競(jìng)選。
Among members of my own party， closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me.
我的對(duì)手，的人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖詹姆士？法默竭力把自己塑造成一個(gè)具有男子漢氣概的黑人形象；他坐著帶有擴(kuò)音器的卡車在附近地區(qū)巡回，車上滿載著留著非洲發(fā)式、穿顏色花哨的寬袍和蓄胡子的年輕人。
My opponent， the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer， tried to project a black， masculine image； he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts， dashikis， and beards.
電視臺(tái)記者對(duì)我不屑一顧，他們忽略了一個(gè)非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)，而對(duì)此我和我的競(jìng)選經(jīng)紀(jì)人韋斯利？麥克唐納？霍爾德卻很清楚。
While the television crews ignored me， they were not aware of a very important statistic， which both I and my campaign manager， Wesley MacD. Holder， knew.
在我這個(gè)區(qū)內(nèi)，登記參加投票選舉的人中男女的比例是1∶2.5.而且那些婦女是有組織的——是教師家長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)、教會(huì)社團(tuán)、牌局俱樂部以及其他社會(huì)服務(wù)性團(tuán)體的成員。我去找她們尋求幫助。
n my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized – in PTAs， church societies， card clubs， and other social and service groups I went to them and asked their help.
法默先生到現(xiàn)在仍然不知道他是如何被擊敗的。
Mr. Farmer still doesn't quite know what hit him.
當(dāng)一位聰明的年輕女大學(xué)生開始找工作時(shí)，為什么第一個(gè)問題總是“你會(huì)打字嗎？”
When a bright young woman graduate starts looking for a job， why is the first question always： “Can you type？”
在這個(gè)問題背后是一整部婦女受歧視的歷史。
A history of prejudice lies behind that question.
為什么被看成是秘書而不是管理者？為什么被看成是圖書管理員和教師而不是律師？
Why are women thought of as secretaries， not administrators？Librarians and teachers， but not doctors and lawyers？
因?yàn)樗齻儽徽J(rèn)為是不一樣的，低人一等的。
Because they are thought of as different and inferior.
快樂的家庭主婦和心滿意足的黑鬼都是由歧視產(chǎn)生的典型人物。
The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice.
婦女甚至還沒有達(dá)到黑人所達(dá)到的象征性的平等水平。
Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching.
法院中沒有婦女，只有兩名婦女曾擔(dān)任內(nèi)閣的職位，但現(xiàn)在一個(gè)也沒有。
No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank， and none do at present.
只有兩位婦女擔(dān)任大使。
Only two women hold ambassadorial rank.
婦女主要從事工資低、伺候人、沒有前途的工作。即使她們獲得較好的職位，他們的工資也總是比同樣工作的男人低。
But women predominate in the lower-paying， menial， unrewarding， dead-end jobs， and when they do reach better positions， they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.
這不是歧視又是什么？
If that is not prejudice， what would you call it？
幾年前，我與一位政治領(lǐng)袖談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)一個(gè)有前途的青年婦女做候選人的事。
A few years ago， I was talking with a political leader about a promising young woman as a candidate.
“為什么要花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力去樹立這個(gè)女孩的威信？”他問道，“你很清楚她只會(huì)在我們打算讓她競(jìng)選市長(zhǎng)時(shí)退出競(jìng)選去而生孩子?！?BR> “Why invest time and effort to build the girl up？” he asked me. “You know she'll only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we're ready to run her for mayor.”
對(duì)于我，許多人說了類似的話。
Plenty of people have said similar things about me.
每次當(dāng)我試圖向上邁一步時(shí)，許多人勸我回去教書，說那才是婦女的職業(yè)，把政治留給男人。
Plenty of others have advised me， every time， I tried to take another upward step， that I should go back to teaching， a woman's vocation and leave politics to the men.
我熱愛教書，只要我確信這個(gè)國(guó)家再也不需要女人作貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我就會(huì)去教書。
I love teaching， and I am ready to go back to it as soon as I am convinced that this country no longer needs a women's contribution.
當(dāng)在這個(gè)富足的國(guó)家里，當(dāng)沒有孩子餓著肚子上床睡覺時(shí)，我可能會(huì)回去教書。
When there are no children going to bed hungry in this rich nation， I may be ready to go back to teaching.
當(dāng)每一個(gè)孩子都能上好學(xué)校時(shí)，我也許會(huì)回去教書。
When there is a good school for every child， I may be ready.
當(dāng)我們不再將錢財(cái)耗費(fèi)在武器裝備上來殺人時(shí)，當(dāng)我們不再容忍對(duì)少數(shù)民族的歧視時(shí)，當(dāng)懲治住房和雇傭不公行為的法律得以實(shí)施而不是被束之高閣時(shí)，那么我在政治上也就再?zèng)]什么可做的了
When we do not spend our wealth on hardware to murder people， when we no longer tolerate prejudice against minorities， and when the laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are enforced instead of evaded， then there may be nothing more for me to do in politics.
但是在那以前——我們都知道那不是今年或是明年——我們需要的是更多的婦女投身于政治，因?yàn)閶D女可以作出特殊的貢獻(xiàn)。
But until that happens – and we all know it will not be this year or next – what we need is more women in politics， because we have a very special contribution to make.
我希望自己成功的例子能使其他的婦女愿意參與政治活動(dòng)——不僅僅是裝信封，而是競(jìng)選政府職位。
I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics – and not just to stuff envelopes， but to run for office.
婦女能將同情、寬容、遠(yuǎn)見、忍耐和毅力帶到政府中——這是我們與生俱有的品質(zhì)或是在男人的壓制下不得不培養(yǎng)出來的品質(zhì)。
It is women who can bring empathy， tolerance， insight， patience， and persistence to government – the qualities we naturally have or have had to develop because of our suppression by men.
一個(gè)國(guó)家的婦女通過她們?cè)谏钪械男袨閬硭茉爝@個(gè)國(guó)家的道德、宗教和政治。
The women of a nation mold its morals， its religion， and its politics by the lives they live.
目前， 我們國(guó)家在政治上也許比其他任何方面更需要婦女的理想主義和決心。
At present，our country needs women's idealism and determination，perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.
寧為黑人不為女子
Lesson Five I'd Rather Be Black than Female
我是第一位當(dāng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員的黑人婦女，這使我不同凡響。
Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.
國(guó)會(huì)中還有九位黑人議員和十位婦女議員，但我是第一位同時(shí)克服兩個(gè)不利因素的人。
There are nine other blacks in Congress； there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once.
在這兩種不利因素中，是個(gè)女人比是黑人更糟。
Of the two handicaps， being black is much less of a drawback than being female.
如果我說做黑人比做婦女更糟糕，也許沒有人會(huì)對(duì)我的說法提出質(zhì)疑。
If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman， probably no one would question me.
為什么呢？因?yàn)椤氨娝苤保绹?guó)存在著對(duì)黑人的歧視。
Why？ Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America.
說美國(guó)存在著對(duì)婦女的歧視對(duì)于幾乎所有男人——還有大多數(shù)女人來說——卻是不可思議的。
That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men – and， I am afraid， most women – as bizarre.
許多年以來，多數(shù)人看不到社會(huì)存在著對(duì)黑人的歧視。
Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.
當(dāng)黑人終于通過靜坐*、聯(lián)合抵制和自由乘車*的方式以示*，來提及這個(gè)問題時(shí)，他們覺得簡(jiǎn)直難以置信。
When blacks finally started to “mention” it， with sit-ins， boycotts， and freedom rides， Americans were incredulous.
“誰(shuí)，我們？”他們委屈地問道。
“Who， us？” they asked in injured tones.
“我們歧視黑人？”對(duì)美國(guó)白人來說，這是漫長(zhǎng)而痛苦的再教育的開始。
“We're prejudiced？” It was the start of a long， painful reeducation for white America.
他們，包括那些自認(rèn)為是自由主義者的白人——還需要許多年才能發(fā)現(xiàn)并消除他們實(shí)際上都持有的種族主義態(tài)度。
It will take years for whites – including those who think of themselves as liberals – to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.
消除對(duì)婦女的歧視的困難有多大？我確信這將會(huì)是一場(chǎng)更持久的斗爭(zhēng)。
How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women？ I am sure it will be a longer struggle.
部分問題在于比起黑人來美國(guó)婦女被洗腦的程度更深，且更滿足于她們次等公民的角色。
Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second – class citizens than blacks ever were.
我來解釋一下。
Let me explain.
二十多年來我一直積極參與政治活動(dòng)。
I have been active in politics for more than twenty years.
除了最后的那六年，其余那些年干活的是我，我干的是所有無聊瑣碎但對(duì)競(jìng)選勝負(fù)至關(guān)重要的工作——可得到好處的卻是男人，這幾乎就是政界婦女一直以來的命運(yùn)。
For all but the last six， I have done the work – all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day – while men reaped the rewards， which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.
在美國(guó)政界，大部分的工作仍然是由婦女來做——大約300萬志愿者。
It is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world.
她們中任何人所能期待的結(jié)果是有幸當(dāng)選為區(qū)或縣的副主席，這是一個(gè)隔離卻平等的職位，是給那些多年來一直忠實(shí)從事裝信封和組織牌局工作的婦女的獎(jiǎng)賞。
The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman， a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing.
在這種職位上，她可以享受公費(fèi)出差去參加州或全國(guó)性的會(huì)議或代表大會(huì)，在這些場(chǎng)合她的作用就是和她單位的男主席投一樣的票。
I n such a job， she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions， where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.
1963年，當(dāng)我企圖擺脫這一角色代表布魯克林的貝德富錫—斯圖維桑特參加競(jìng)選紐約州眾議院的席位時(shí)，遇到了極大的阻力。
When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant， the resistance was bitter.
從競(jìng)選一開始，我就要面對(duì)他們毫不掩飾的對(duì)女性的敵意。
From the start of that campaign， I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.
但是在四年以后，當(dāng)我競(jìng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員時(shí)，性別問題才成了一個(gè)主要爭(zhēng)端。
But it was four years later， when I ran for Congress， that the question of my sex became a major issue.
我所在黨派的黨員召開秘密會(huì)議討論如何阻止我參加競(jìng)選。
Among members of my own party， closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me.
我的對(duì)手，的人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖詹姆士？法默竭力把自己塑造成一個(gè)具有男子漢氣概的黑人形象；他坐著帶有擴(kuò)音器的卡車在附近地區(qū)巡回，車上滿載著留著非洲發(fā)式、穿顏色花哨的寬袍和蓄胡子的年輕人。
My opponent， the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer， tried to project a black， masculine image； he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts， dashikis， and beards.
電視臺(tái)記者對(duì)我不屑一顧，他們忽略了一個(gè)非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)，而對(duì)此我和我的競(jìng)選經(jīng)紀(jì)人韋斯利？麥克唐納？霍爾德卻很清楚。
While the television crews ignored me， they were not aware of a very important statistic， which both I and my campaign manager， Wesley MacD. Holder， knew.
在我這個(gè)區(qū)內(nèi)，登記參加投票選舉的人中男女的比例是1∶2.5.而且那些婦女是有組織的——是教師家長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)、教會(huì)社團(tuán)、牌局俱樂部以及其他社會(huì)服務(wù)性團(tuán)體的成員。我去找她們尋求幫助。
n my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized – in PTAs， church societies， card clubs， and other social and service groups I went to them and asked their help.
法默先生到現(xiàn)在仍然不知道他是如何被擊敗的。
Mr. Farmer still doesn't quite know what hit him.
當(dāng)一位聰明的年輕女大學(xué)生開始找工作時(shí)，為什么第一個(gè)問題總是“你會(huì)打字嗎？”
When a bright young woman graduate starts looking for a job， why is the first question always： “Can you type？”
在這個(gè)問題背后是一整部婦女受歧視的歷史。
A history of prejudice lies behind that question.
為什么被看成是秘書而不是管理者？為什么被看成是圖書管理員和教師而不是律師？
Why are women thought of as secretaries， not administrators？Librarians and teachers， but not doctors and lawyers？
因?yàn)樗齻儽徽J(rèn)為是不一樣的，低人一等的。
Because they are thought of as different and inferior.
快樂的家庭主婦和心滿意足的黑鬼都是由歧視產(chǎn)生的典型人物。
The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice.
婦女甚至還沒有達(dá)到黑人所達(dá)到的象征性的平等水平。
Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching.
法院中沒有婦女，只有兩名婦女曾擔(dān)任內(nèi)閣的職位，但現(xiàn)在一個(gè)也沒有。
No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank， and none do at present.
只有兩位婦女擔(dān)任大使。
Only two women hold ambassadorial rank.
婦女主要從事工資低、伺候人、沒有前途的工作。即使她們獲得較好的職位，他們的工資也總是比同樣工作的男人低。
But women predominate in the lower-paying， menial， unrewarding， dead-end jobs， and when they do reach better positions， they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.
這不是歧視又是什么？
If that is not prejudice， what would you call it？
幾年前，我與一位政治領(lǐng)袖談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)一個(gè)有前途的青年婦女做候選人的事。
A few years ago， I was talking with a political leader about a promising young woman as a candidate.
“為什么要花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力去樹立這個(gè)女孩的威信？”他問道，“你很清楚她只會(huì)在我們打算讓她競(jìng)選市長(zhǎng)時(shí)退出競(jìng)選去而生孩子?！?BR> “Why invest time and effort to build the girl up？” he asked me. “You know she'll only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we're ready to run her for mayor.”
對(duì)于我，許多人說了類似的話。
Plenty of people have said similar things about me.
每次當(dāng)我試圖向上邁一步時(shí)，許多人勸我回去教書，說那才是婦女的職業(yè)，把政治留給男人。
Plenty of others have advised me， every time， I tried to take another upward step， that I should go back to teaching， a woman's vocation and leave politics to the men.
我熱愛教書，只要我確信這個(gè)國(guó)家再也不需要女人作貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我就會(huì)去教書。
I love teaching， and I am ready to go back to it as soon as I am convinced that this country no longer needs a women's contribution.
當(dāng)在這個(gè)富足的國(guó)家里，當(dāng)沒有孩子餓著肚子上床睡覺時(shí)，我可能會(huì)回去教書。
When there are no children going to bed hungry in this rich nation， I may be ready to go back to teaching.
當(dāng)每一個(gè)孩子都能上好學(xué)校時(shí)，我也許會(huì)回去教書。
When there is a good school for every child， I may be ready.
當(dāng)我們不再將錢財(cái)耗費(fèi)在武器裝備上來殺人時(shí)，當(dāng)我們不再容忍對(duì)少數(shù)民族的歧視時(shí)，當(dāng)懲治住房和雇傭不公行為的法律得以實(shí)施而不是被束之高閣時(shí)，那么我在政治上也就再?zèng)]什么可做的了
When we do not spend our wealth on hardware to murder people， when we no longer tolerate prejudice against minorities， and when the laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are enforced instead of evaded， then there may be nothing more for me to do in politics.
但是在那以前——我們都知道那不是今年或是明年——我們需要的是更多的婦女投身于政治，因?yàn)閶D女可以作出特殊的貢獻(xiàn)。
But until that happens – and we all know it will not be this year or next – what we need is more women in politics， because we have a very special contribution to make.
我希望自己成功的例子能使其他的婦女愿意參與政治活動(dòng)——不僅僅是裝信封，而是競(jìng)選政府職位。
I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics – and not just to stuff envelopes， but to run for office.
婦女能將同情、寬容、遠(yuǎn)見、忍耐和毅力帶到政府中——這是我們與生俱有的品質(zhì)或是在男人的壓制下不得不培養(yǎng)出來的品質(zhì)。
It is women who can bring empathy， tolerance， insight， patience， and persistence to government – the qualities we naturally have or have had to develop because of our suppression by men.
一個(gè)國(guó)家的婦女通過她們?cè)谏钪械男袨閬硭茉爝@個(gè)國(guó)家的道德、宗教和政治。
The women of a nation mold its morals， its religion， and its politics by the lives they live.
目前， 我們國(guó)家在政治上也許比其他任何方面更需要婦女的理想主義和決心。
At present，our country needs women's idealism and determination，perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.