二、 高級英語試題類型
試題分為兩個大部分：A 考核課程內(nèi)容
B 水平考試，重點為閱讀理解能力。
（ 注：下列題型作為參考，每次試卷中只選用其中幾種?？己苏n程內(nèi)容的五類；水平考試的四類。）
A. 高級英語考核教材內(nèi)容
1. 完形練習
考核學(xué)生對課文內(nèi)容的掌握，從課文句子或段落中抽去一個詞或詞組，學(xué)生需從試卷提供的詞或詞組中選擇與課文一樣的填入空中。例如：
（2003年考題）
The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks， followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. （12 points， 0.5 point each）
Rumors 1 quickly that I was a FBI agent. I was 2 because I was not 3___ to return. Some people said I was either a federal agent or a 4 ， for no 5 man， they said， returns to Watts by 6 .
Television 7 on advertising to an even greater 8 than newspapers， and since advertising is big business， advertising is by 9 Republican. Yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I 10 the intense partisanship， the often rabid 11 that colors the editorial 12 of the majority of newspapers in this country.
The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a 18 undecided smile， “May I join you？”
Some people believe that the time of death is 19 by God and that no man should ___20 the clock back on another. 21 if a patient‘s philosophical views embrace __ 22 ， it is not clear why the religious 23 of others should intrude 24___ his death.
A. reasonable B. put C. bias D. choice
E. nature F. yet G. mistaken H. lives
I. thin J. encountered K. euthanasia L. fool
M. spread N. objections O. pages P. extent
Q. elderly R. suspect S. cleared T. narrowed
U. put on V. on W. supposed X. appointed
該題正如考核要求規(guī)定，是要檢查學(xué)員對課文的熟悉程度。假如考生對所學(xué)教材了然于心的話，該題做起來當然如探囊取物。這也就是我們?yōu)槭裁丛趯W(xué)習高級英語方法時，特別強調(diào)要牢記教材課文的原因之一。
由于完型填空題不但測試考生使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，同時又測試考生對短文篇章的理解，它是對考生綜合運用語言能力的測試，所以考生在考試時確實遇到了困難（好不要在這樣的考題上出麻煩），我們也有一些辦法可以采取。完型填空題的一般解題技巧是：
解題技巧：
1. 通讀該段文章。首先了解材料內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。
2. 找相關(guān)信息。通讀之后，從第一個空格開始依次完成。
3. 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。
4. 然后逐題推敲。
5. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實詞。
6. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點關(guān)注虛詞。
7. 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but， however， even so… 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ?，所選的詞可能與前面某個詞互為反義詞。
8. 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如?？嫉木湫陀校憾ㄕZ從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如so…that；hardly…when 等是否遺漏。
9. 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。
10. 然后通篇審核。
具體到自學(xué)考試高級英語考題，我們可以借鑒上面的技巧，重點做到如下：
1、 把所給的詞或短語按照詞性分類：動詞、名詞、介詞、副詞、形容詞等；
2、 對所給段落中的句子進行分析，確定所空缺的地方需要什么詞性的詞；
3、 然后再根據(jù)上下文意義、結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案。
我們以第三小段[選自《高級英語》上冊第十課第142頁]為例：
The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a 18 undecided smile， “May I join you？”
通過分析得知：13、15、16處應(yīng)該填動詞；14，17，18處則須用形容詞。這樣一來，每一個填空處需要排除的選項就少多了。然后根據(jù)一些固定搭配可以進一步區(qū)分選項。如： 13處是一個固定搭配 ‘clear one’s throat‘； 在14處，假如考生認識這個詞 ’pince-nez‘ [ ’p：nsnei ]是 ‘夾鼻眼鏡’，就能很快想到動詞短語 ‘put on’ （戴上）。17處前面有一個短語 ‘make sure’（確信），人們通常是確信事情一切正常，沒有錯誤， 所以該處選擇 ‘mistaken’ 也就合情合理。
當然這一切分析是要建立在很好的英語基礎(chǔ)之上，更何況這樣的詞 ‘pince-nez’對于不熟悉課文的人來說是很難認識，所以純粹依賴技巧、分析并非很可靠，況且很費時。另外，一個很好的基礎(chǔ)從何而來？還得要心里裝的東西多，而熟記一些文章是很好充實自己的辦法。
其它幾個段落分別選自：第一小段[選自《高級英語》下冊第九課第143頁]
第二小段[選自《高級英語》下冊第三課第39頁]
第四小段[選自《高級英語》上冊第四課第49頁]
答案：
Key
1. M 2. R 3. W 4. L
5. A 6. D 7. H 8. P
9. E 10. J 11. C 12. O
13. T 14. Q 15. S 16. U
17. G 18. I 19. X 20. B
21. F 22. K 23. N 24. V
2. 用英語回答有關(guān)課程內(nèi)容的問題
考核學(xué)生對課程內(nèi)容的和理解程度，以及一定的用英語筆頭表述的能力。提出的是有關(guān)課文大意、背景、故事內(nèi)容、人物等和理解課文有關(guān)問題。
1. How does the author， J.B. Priestley， think of the matter of sleep？ When he is sleepless， what will he do？ [選自《高級英語》上冊第十一課]
Answer： The author thinks that sleep is just like a coy mistress who is much given to a teasing inconsistency and forever demanding to be wooed. In other words， to him， sleep always plays with him， and torments him but seldom lets him have it.
He often lies in bed， passing hours in sleeplessness. The more he wants to fall asleep， the more sleepless he becomes. However， as soon as he intends to write an essay， he feels an overpowering desire for sleep.
The author believes that artificial ways of inducing sleep are countless， but none of them works for him. Therefore， when he can‘t fall asleep at night， he has a dialogue with an imaginary friend until he either laughs or falls asleep.
2. How did American young people look at the adult world in general according to the text “Four Choices for Young People”？ What did they do about it？
Answer： American young people viewed the adult world with great skepticism and even worse， with increasing rejection，according to the lesson “Four Choices for Young People.
They saw this affluent society of America filled with poverty， injustice and hypocrisy. They became rebellious. They rejected the beliefs and values of society. While some young people fought against poverty， racial injustice at that time， others showed their discontent through passive ways. They were addicted to drugs and refused to take any social responsibilities.
解析：作該題型的題目時，要記住首先要有一個基本的觀點“ARGUMENT”（當然，這個觀點是從所學(xué)課文中，合理地、符合邏輯地得出來的，并非自己臆斷或杜撰出來的。 所以這一切也是建立在對課文熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)上的。），然后，提供一些左證“SUPPORTING IDEAS”。
課文中的內(nèi)容要能做到會歸納，會用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述；
另外，要寫完整的句子。少用“yes or no” 這樣的方式來回答問題；后，通讀自己的答案，檢查文法，盡可能消除拼讀、語法錯誤。
3. 填空
考核學(xué)生對語法和詞匯的運用能力。每句一個空格，要求學(xué)生從所提供的單詞或詞組中選擇正確的答案填入空中。單詞或詞組選自課文中要求算重點練習的詞語。
Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below， changing its form when necessary：
motivate in the long run regardless of be held to blamesquander to a great extent with honors take advantage ofsurvive be credited with fall victim to have trouble doing sth.
1. The chairman of the board of directors was forced to resign， _____ the power struggle among the directors.
2. Intelligent and hard-working， he passed _________ in degree examinations.
3. Some girls are so shy as to ________ mixing socially with people.
4. No one ________ for the loss of the game； each had done her best.
5. He enjoyed great popularity among the students， _________speaking five foreign languages.
6. The president decided to run for the second term， _________ the state of his health.
7. The small restaurant owner _________ all his hard-earned money in gambling within a year.
8. To increase productivity， we have to get the workers ______， but do you think material incentives will always work？
答案：
1. falling victim to
2. with honors
3. have trouble
4. was held to blame
5. credited with
6. regardless of
7. squandered
8. motivated
解析：這種題目的做法可以借鑒上面題型的處理辦法，
1. 首先研讀一下供選擇的詞做到心中有底，把詞大致分分類。
2. 然后仔細研讀每一個句子，了解句子內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。
3. 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。
4. 接下來逐句推敲。
5. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實詞。
6. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點關(guān)注虛詞。
7. 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but， however， even so… 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ眨x的詞可能與前面某個詞互為反義詞。
8. 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如常考的句型有：定語從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如so…that；hardly…when 等是否遺漏。
9. 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。
10. 然后通篇審核。
不同的是選擇對了詞之后，在填充時還要根據(jù)句子的意思確定詞形的變化。這給考生增加了不少難度。例如：
例句1中選擇對了“fall victim to ”，還要知道該句子中不缺謂語動詞，必須將“ fall victim to”變成非謂語形式，即用分詞短語“falling victim to ”。
例句4中，在選擇對了“be held to blame ” 之后，還要注意時態(tài)及主謂一致原則，所以應(yīng)將“be held to blame ”變成“be held to blame ”。
事實上在以往的試題中，按上面這種形式出題很少見，多采取下面的形式。這些題目的答案就不存在詞形轉(zhuǎn)換問題，相比來說，要容易一些。
試題分為兩個大部分：A 考核課程內(nèi)容
B 水平考試，重點為閱讀理解能力。
（ 注：下列題型作為參考，每次試卷中只選用其中幾種?？己苏n程內(nèi)容的五類；水平考試的四類。）
A. 高級英語考核教材內(nèi)容
1. 完形練習
考核學(xué)生對課文內(nèi)容的掌握，從課文句子或段落中抽去一個詞或詞組，學(xué)生需從試卷提供的詞或詞組中選擇與課文一樣的填入空中。例如：
（2003年考題）
The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks， followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. （12 points， 0.5 point each）
Rumors 1 quickly that I was a FBI agent. I was 2 because I was not 3___ to return. Some people said I was either a federal agent or a 4 ， for no 5 man， they said， returns to Watts by 6 .
Television 7 on advertising to an even greater 8 than newspapers， and since advertising is big business， advertising is by 9 Republican. Yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I 10 the intense partisanship， the often rabid 11 that colors the editorial 12 of the majority of newspapers in this country.
The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a 18 undecided smile， “May I join you？”
Some people believe that the time of death is 19 by God and that no man should ___20 the clock back on another. 21 if a patient‘s philosophical views embrace __ 22 ， it is not clear why the religious 23 of others should intrude 24___ his death.
A. reasonable B. put C. bias D. choice
E. nature F. yet G. mistaken H. lives
I. thin J. encountered K. euthanasia L. fool
M. spread N. objections O. pages P. extent
Q. elderly R. suspect S. cleared T. narrowed
U. put on V. on W. supposed X. appointed
該題正如考核要求規(guī)定，是要檢查學(xué)員對課文的熟悉程度。假如考生對所學(xué)教材了然于心的話，該題做起來當然如探囊取物。這也就是我們?yōu)槭裁丛趯W(xué)習高級英語方法時，特別強調(diào)要牢記教材課文的原因之一。
由于完型填空題不但測試考生使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，同時又測試考生對短文篇章的理解，它是對考生綜合運用語言能力的測試，所以考生在考試時確實遇到了困難（好不要在這樣的考題上出麻煩），我們也有一些辦法可以采取。完型填空題的一般解題技巧是：
解題技巧：
1. 通讀該段文章。首先了解材料內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。
2. 找相關(guān)信息。通讀之后，從第一個空格開始依次完成。
3. 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。
4. 然后逐題推敲。
5. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實詞。
6. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點關(guān)注虛詞。
7. 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but， however， even so… 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ?，所選的詞可能與前面某個詞互為反義詞。
8. 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如?？嫉木湫陀校憾ㄕZ從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如so…that；hardly…when 等是否遺漏。
9. 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。
10. 然后通篇審核。
具體到自學(xué)考試高級英語考題，我們可以借鑒上面的技巧，重點做到如下：
1、 把所給的詞或短語按照詞性分類：動詞、名詞、介詞、副詞、形容詞等；
2、 對所給段落中的句子進行分析，確定所空缺的地方需要什么詞性的詞；
3、 然后再根據(jù)上下文意義、結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案。
我們以第三小段[選自《高級英語》上冊第十課第142頁]為例：
The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a 18 undecided smile， “May I join you？”
通過分析得知：13、15、16處應(yīng)該填動詞；14，17，18處則須用形容詞。這樣一來，每一個填空處需要排除的選項就少多了。然后根據(jù)一些固定搭配可以進一步區(qū)分選項。如： 13處是一個固定搭配 ‘clear one’s throat‘； 在14處，假如考生認識這個詞 ’pince-nez‘ [ ’p：nsnei ]是 ‘夾鼻眼鏡’，就能很快想到動詞短語 ‘put on’ （戴上）。17處前面有一個短語 ‘make sure’（確信），人們通常是確信事情一切正常，沒有錯誤， 所以該處選擇 ‘mistaken’ 也就合情合理。
當然這一切分析是要建立在很好的英語基礎(chǔ)之上，更何況這樣的詞 ‘pince-nez’對于不熟悉課文的人來說是很難認識，所以純粹依賴技巧、分析并非很可靠，況且很費時。另外，一個很好的基礎(chǔ)從何而來？還得要心里裝的東西多，而熟記一些文章是很好充實自己的辦法。
其它幾個段落分別選自：第一小段[選自《高級英語》下冊第九課第143頁]
第二小段[選自《高級英語》下冊第三課第39頁]
第四小段[選自《高級英語》上冊第四課第49頁]
答案：
Key
1. M 2. R 3. W 4. L
5. A 6. D 7. H 8. P
9. E 10. J 11. C 12. O
13. T 14. Q 15. S 16. U
17. G 18. I 19. X 20. B
21. F 22. K 23. N 24. V
2. 用英語回答有關(guān)課程內(nèi)容的問題
考核學(xué)生對課程內(nèi)容的和理解程度，以及一定的用英語筆頭表述的能力。提出的是有關(guān)課文大意、背景、故事內(nèi)容、人物等和理解課文有關(guān)問題。
1. How does the author， J.B. Priestley， think of the matter of sleep？ When he is sleepless， what will he do？ [選自《高級英語》上冊第十一課]
Answer： The author thinks that sleep is just like a coy mistress who is much given to a teasing inconsistency and forever demanding to be wooed. In other words， to him， sleep always plays with him， and torments him but seldom lets him have it.
He often lies in bed， passing hours in sleeplessness. The more he wants to fall asleep， the more sleepless he becomes. However， as soon as he intends to write an essay， he feels an overpowering desire for sleep.
The author believes that artificial ways of inducing sleep are countless， but none of them works for him. Therefore， when he can‘t fall asleep at night， he has a dialogue with an imaginary friend until he either laughs or falls asleep.
2. How did American young people look at the adult world in general according to the text “Four Choices for Young People”？ What did they do about it？
Answer： American young people viewed the adult world with great skepticism and even worse， with increasing rejection，according to the lesson “Four Choices for Young People.
They saw this affluent society of America filled with poverty， injustice and hypocrisy. They became rebellious. They rejected the beliefs and values of society. While some young people fought against poverty， racial injustice at that time， others showed their discontent through passive ways. They were addicted to drugs and refused to take any social responsibilities.
解析：作該題型的題目時，要記住首先要有一個基本的觀點“ARGUMENT”（當然，這個觀點是從所學(xué)課文中，合理地、符合邏輯地得出來的，并非自己臆斷或杜撰出來的。 所以這一切也是建立在對課文熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)上的。），然后，提供一些左證“SUPPORTING IDEAS”。
課文中的內(nèi)容要能做到會歸納，會用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述；
另外，要寫完整的句子。少用“yes or no” 這樣的方式來回答問題；后，通讀自己的答案，檢查文法，盡可能消除拼讀、語法錯誤。
3. 填空
考核學(xué)生對語法和詞匯的運用能力。每句一個空格，要求學(xué)生從所提供的單詞或詞組中選擇正確的答案填入空中。單詞或詞組選自課文中要求算重點練習的詞語。
Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below， changing its form when necessary：
motivate in the long run regardless of be held to blamesquander to a great extent with honors take advantage ofsurvive be credited with fall victim to have trouble doing sth.
1. The chairman of the board of directors was forced to resign， _____ the power struggle among the directors.
2. Intelligent and hard-working， he passed _________ in degree examinations.
3. Some girls are so shy as to ________ mixing socially with people.
4. No one ________ for the loss of the game； each had done her best.
5. He enjoyed great popularity among the students， _________speaking five foreign languages.
6. The president decided to run for the second term， _________ the state of his health.
7. The small restaurant owner _________ all his hard-earned money in gambling within a year.
8. To increase productivity， we have to get the workers ______， but do you think material incentives will always work？
答案：
1. falling victim to
2. with honors
3. have trouble
4. was held to blame
5. credited with
6. regardless of
7. squandered
8. motivated
解析：這種題目的做法可以借鑒上面題型的處理辦法，
1. 首先研讀一下供選擇的詞做到心中有底，把詞大致分分類。
2. 然后仔細研讀每一個句子，了解句子內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。
3. 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。
4. 接下來逐句推敲。
5. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實詞。
6. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點關(guān)注虛詞。
7. 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but， however， even so… 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ眨x的詞可能與前面某個詞互為反義詞。
8. 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如常考的句型有：定語從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如so…that；hardly…when 等是否遺漏。
9. 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。
10. 然后通篇審核。
不同的是選擇對了詞之后，在填充時還要根據(jù)句子的意思確定詞形的變化。這給考生增加了不少難度。例如：
例句1中選擇對了“fall victim to ”，還要知道該句子中不缺謂語動詞，必須將“ fall victim to”變成非謂語形式，即用分詞短語“falling victim to ”。
例句4中，在選擇對了“be held to blame ” 之后，還要注意時態(tài)及主謂一致原則，所以應(yīng)將“be held to blame ”變成“be held to blame ”。
事實上在以往的試題中，按上面這種形式出題很少見，多采取下面的形式。這些題目的答案就不存在詞形轉(zhuǎn)換問題，相比來說，要容易一些。