近年英語體育新聞中的語言特色

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一 、英語體育新聞的詞匯特色
    1.大量帶有娛樂色彩、口語化的詞語運(yùn)用
    喜愛追捧體育的大多是年輕人,也是體育新聞報(bào)刊雜志的購(gòu)買主力軍,為迎合他們的需要,現(xiàn)在的體育新聞報(bào)道用詞越來越娛樂化、口語化?;逎y懂的評(píng)論被關(guān)注的程度越來越少。我們以美國(guó)ESPN體育報(bào)道網(wǎng)站的一則籃球新聞為例: Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason(休斯頓火箭隊(duì)將很快被踢出局,因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈竞筚惖慕?jīng)驗(yàn))。此句中,take lumps 是美國(guó)口語中失敗、遇到困難的意思。再看一則足球新聞:Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup( 曼聯(lián)在第一回合歐洲杯的比賽中羞辱阿森那)。Beat the pants off 是很口語化的一句表達(dá),意思是取得大勝,羞辱對(duì)手。
    2 大量體育項(xiàng)目專業(yè)性詞匯的使用
    英語體育新聞的報(bào)道中會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多體育詞匯,因此它有一定的受眾群體,就是體育迷們,他們對(duì)于各種項(xiàng)目的體育專業(yè)詞匯了如指掌。對(duì)于不太了解這個(gè)體育項(xiàng)目的人閱讀起來就有一定的困難。以一篇籃球新聞為例:While Nowitzki's ninth season wasn't his highest scoring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals (50 2), 3 pointers (41 6) and free throws (90 4); no other player in the league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season原意是季節(jié),而在籃球、排球、足球等項(xiàng)目中表示賽季,即球隊(duì)在通常一年時(shí)間內(nèi)打比賽的時(shí)間總和,career highs 這里是職業(yè)生涯的意思,是一種統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),而shooting percentage (命中率)、field goals (二分球)、3—pointer(三分球)、free throw(罰球) 等詞匯都帶有鮮明的運(yùn)動(dòng)色彩。整句話的意思是:諾威斯基的第九個(gè)賽季是他命中率而不是得分的賽季,其中兩分球命中率達(dá)到了50 2%,三分球41 6%,罰球90 4%都是職業(yè)生涯,也是聯(lián)賽中所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員中的?;@球的專業(yè)術(shù)語還有很多如:air—ball (三不沾)、air—pass (空中傳球)、 block (蓋帽)、cover (掩護(hù))、defense (防守)、steal (搶斷)、dunking(扣籃)、charging(撞人犯規(guī) )、violation(違例)、transition(快攻) travel(走步)等等, 這些詞匯在運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域有獨(dú)特的意思。
    二、英語體育新聞的語氣特色
    1.介紹性、陳述性的語氣
    體育新聞不僅僅是寫給體育迷們看的,更是面向廣大非專業(yè)人士,所以介紹性、陳述性的語氣在新聞句中隨處可見。例如:Weight lifting is an Olympic sport consisting of two lifts: the snatch and the clean and jerk Each competitor is allowed three attempts in each lift The sum of the lifter's best snatch and best clean and jerk is the lifter's total (舉重是奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目,包括抓舉和挺舉兩個(gè)單項(xiàng)。在每個(gè)單項(xiàng)中,每位選手可以試舉3次,選手們?cè)谧ヅe和挺舉比賽中的成績(jī)加起來就是選手的總成績(jī))。
    Volleyball is an Olympic sport in which two teams separated by a high net use their hands, arms or (rarely) other parts of their bodies to hit a ball back and forth over the net (排球是奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽項(xiàng)目,兩只隊(duì)伍被高網(wǎng)分開使用手臂或身體的其他部位將球輪流擊打過網(wǎng))。
    2. 對(duì)抗性、好奇性的語氣
    在體育新聞報(bào)道中,體育記者通常會(huì)使用對(duì)抗性氣息濃厚的語句來烘托大賽前的緊張氣氛。例如:在一篇馬刺隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)勝爵士隊(duì)的籃球英文報(bào)道中,我們看到了如下的語氣: With three NBA championship flags high above the court, and many of the key players from those title teams in the lineup, the San Antonio Spurs opened the Western Conference finals like a team ready to add to their collection(三面NBA總冠軍的旗幟高高飄揚(yáng)在馬刺隊(duì)的主場(chǎng),西部聯(lián)盟冠軍之站拉開帷幕,爵士隊(duì)先失一局,似乎準(zhǔn)備再給馬刺的冠軍收藏柜中添一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)杯)。這句報(bào)道中,兩只隊(duì)伍激烈對(duì)抗的氣氛被渲染地恰倒好處。
    3.英語體育新聞的句型特色
    英語體育新聞中的句型豐富多彩,生動(dòng)活潑,字里行間凸顯了運(yùn)動(dòng)的魅力。現(xiàn)就不同體裁的體育新聞中常用的句型分析如下:
    (1)省略句,通常出現(xiàn)在報(bào)道性文章的標(biāo)題中,如One for the Liverpool 簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)四個(gè)單詞卻把意思表達(dá)的清楚明白:利物浦隊(duì)先勝一局,系動(dòng)詞通常被省略掉。Williams charged with assault, 威聯(lián)姆斯被指控襲擊他人,也是省略了Be動(dòng)詞。需要補(bǔ)充的是:在英語體育新聞的標(biāo)題中,時(shí)態(tài)通常都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),以顯示運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)刻進(jìn)行的特點(diǎn)。
    (2) 祈使句, 通常出現(xiàn)體育評(píng)論性文章的標(biāo)題中,吸引讀者的注意,引發(fā)讀者對(duì)某一體育事件的思考。例如:Take your base, coach Bill( Bill教練,該你上壘了),實(shí)際暗指Bill教練該帶領(lǐng)隊(duì)伍出成績(jī)了。 Go awards or go home (獲獎(jiǎng)或是回家)! 一看這篇文章就是督促球隊(duì)出好成績(jī)的。
    (3)比較長(zhǎng)的陳述句,通常出現(xiàn)在詳細(xì)體育新聞報(bào)道的段落中間,使讀者更清楚地了解比賽過程。
    如介紹比賽情況的:Tim Duncan, Manu Ginobili and Tony Parker were terrific for three quarters, then good enough at the end to carry San Antonio to a 108—100 victory over the upstart Utah Jazz on Sunday( 鄧肯,吉諾比利和帕克各自在前三節(jié)比賽中發(fā)揮出色,然后合力在第四節(jié)發(fā)揮出色,確保馬刺隊(duì)以108—100取得比賽勝利)。
    如介紹比賽進(jìn)程的:As well as serving aces in her 6—1, 6—2 victory against Maleeva Hingis felt sufficiently relaxed that she watched Amanda's match on a neighboring court during the changeovers(辛吉斯在以6—1.6—2擊敗瑪力娃的比賽中發(fā)球就得了6分,她在比賽中非常輕松,在換場(chǎng)地的時(shí)候,她甚至還有閑情觀看隔壁球場(chǎng)阿曼達(dá)的比賽)。
    如報(bào)道教練評(píng)價(jià)比賽的:“After we scored the first goal, it gave us more confidence and we played even better,” said Bonfrere,“By the time the third goal went in, we were in control We dropped a few gears in the second half but even then we still managed to score another”( 邦佛雷雷教練說:當(dāng)我們打進(jìn)第一個(gè)球后,有了更多的自信心,我們一直都在控制比賽直到進(jìn)第三個(gè)球,之后在下半場(chǎng)雖然我們表現(xiàn)的有些松懈,但還是進(jìn)了一個(gè)球)。
    (4)定語從句
    在英語體育新聞中會(huì)經(jīng)??吹蕉ㄕZ從句的使用,為的是更清楚明白地向讀者傳達(dá)信息。Swedish veteran Henrik Larsson, who has just joined Barcelona after his country's Euro 2004 campaign, is also likely to make the trip to China( 瑞典老將拉爾森在參加完2004年歐錦賽后,剛剛加盟了巴薩羅那,也打算訪問中國(guó))。The volleyball final between China and Japan is to be held in the gym of Beijing University whose sporting equipment has just been polished( 中國(guó)和日本的排球決賽將在北京大學(xué)的體育館舉行,那里的體育設(shè)備剛被更新過)。
    (5)插入語
    Surely enough, the visiting team is suffering more obstacles than the host team in terms of weather, temperature, customs etc( 很確信的一點(diǎn)是,客隊(duì)會(huì)比主隊(duì)在天氣,氣溫和習(xí)俗上面遭受更多的困難)。Judging from the first leg's performance of French football team, it is hard to say that they will win the final against Brazil(從法國(guó)隊(duì)第一階段的表現(xiàn)來看,很難說他們會(huì)在決賽中擊敗巴西)。
    (6)同位語從句
    英語體育新聞中的同位語從句屢見不鮮,主要作用是補(bǔ)充說明給讀者更多的信息
    Portugal, defeated in the 1984 and 2000 European Championship semis and in the last four at the 1966 World Cup, will play the Czech Republic or Greece in Sunday's final in Lisbon)葡萄牙隊(duì)在1984年和2000年歐洲錦標(biāo)賽半決賽以及1966年的世界杯中都輸了,這次將要在里斯本周日的決賽中和捷克隊(duì)或希臘隊(duì)相遇。