passage 4
oes a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive (蜂房), using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? to use dondald griffin's term, does a bee have “awareness", or to use a phrase i like better, can a bee think and imagine?
there is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by karl von firsch and more recently confirmed by james gould in princeton. biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. to do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments (增加量) of about 25 percent at each move. eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. this is an uncomfortable observation to make.
16. the best title for the passage is .看答案
a. teaching the bees to navigate
b. testing the awareness of bees
c. navigational techniques of bees
d. behaviorists versus biologists: a zoological debate
17. the word “awareness" in paragraph 1 appears in quotation marks in order to .看答案
a. show the author's preference for the term
b. indicate that it is being used humorously
c. acknowledge donald griffin's previous use of the term
d. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage
18. in the second paragraph karl von frischis mentioned . 看答案
a. to introduce his observation on bee behavior
b. to contrast his theories with those of james gould
c. acknowledge donald griffin's previous use of the term
d. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage
19. according to the author, sugar was used in the study .看答案
a. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctly
b. to train the bees to travel to a particular place
c. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive was
d. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders
20. the result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that .看答案
a. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfully
b. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hive
c. scientists can teach bees to navigate
d. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasks part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes) directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a., b., c. and d.. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
oes a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive (蜂房), using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? to use dondald griffin's term, does a bee have “awareness", or to use a phrase i like better, can a bee think and imagine?
there is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by karl von firsch and more recently confirmed by james gould in princeton. biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. to do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments (增加量) of about 25 percent at each move. eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. this is an uncomfortable observation to make.
16. the best title for the passage is .看答案
a. teaching the bees to navigate
b. testing the awareness of bees
c. navigational techniques of bees
d. behaviorists versus biologists: a zoological debate
17. the word “awareness" in paragraph 1 appears in quotation marks in order to .看答案
a. show the author's preference for the term
b. indicate that it is being used humorously
c. acknowledge donald griffin's previous use of the term
d. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage
18. in the second paragraph karl von frischis mentioned . 看答案
a. to introduce his observation on bee behavior
b. to contrast his theories with those of james gould
c. acknowledge donald griffin's previous use of the term
d. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage
19. according to the author, sugar was used in the study .看答案
a. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctly
b. to train the bees to travel to a particular place
c. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive was
d. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders
20. the result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that .看答案
a. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfully
b. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hive
c. scientists can teach bees to navigate
d. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasks part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes) directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a., b., c. and d.. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.