寫作的重要性 6分低限，只要結(jié)構(gòu)不出錯，得分應(yīng)該為9分。
評判作文
四級考試作文主要看內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言三個方面。
內(nèi)容不跑題即可，注意：1.不要妄圖以情動人;2.不要妄圖在構(gòu)思上出奇制勝。
結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：先寫主題句(Topic Sentence)，再寫分論點，后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。
語言重要，往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語言要模仿和包裝。
基本表達(dá)
人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that
越來越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of
萬能理由(Omnipotence)
1. 方便：convenient/ convenience
2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency
3. 節(jié)省和浪費：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish
4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, conserative
5. 人的身體健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6. 娛樂：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax, tired, boring, lonely
7. 環(huán)境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8. 安全和危險：safe, danger, risk
9. 經(jīng)驗：experience, social experience, enter the society
10. 人際：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely
寫完之后修改注意：(內(nèi)容方面盡量不要修改)
1、字母大小寫
2、怪符號
3、單詞拼寫
4、主謂一致
5、動詞時態(tài)
6、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
實例一
題目：Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提綱：(1)為什么自行車在中國這樣普及(2)和汽車的比較(3)自行車在中國的前途
Score: 8
Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.
The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car.
In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles.
Score: 14
Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -- man and woman, old and young -- ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.
注：1. 第一句總寫，第二句和第三句分寫，后總寫。
2. During the rush hour 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。
3. 破折號內(nèi)容為同位語,句式多變化。
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.
注：1. Compared with cars 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。
2. be superior to/ be inferior to 優(yōu)于/ 低于
3. thirst, second, third 英語語言有層次感，信號詞
4. cheap 便宜，好用inexpensive
5. be good for health 對健康有好處(萬能理由)
6. Moreover 表示遞進(jìn)
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.
注：promising 有前途的 a promising young man
Score: 11
There millions of bicycles in today’s China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.
注：第一句應(yīng)該用there be結(jié)構(gòu)
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.
I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.
I、對比觀點選擇題：1.有人認(rèn)為……; 2.另外一些人認(rèn)為……; 3.談?wù)勀愕挠^點和看法。(好寫成4段)
實例二 99年6月真題
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline: 1. 有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇2. 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書 3. 我的想法
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
(啟)Paragraph I：(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點; (2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。
Score: 14分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.(啟)
注：第一句提出問題，第二句提出兩種見解
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
(承)Paragraph II：(1)提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點;(2)本段的支持性分論點;(3)本段總結(jié)(可以省略)。
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.(承)
注：1. 本段總分總結(jié)構(gòu)
2. they argue that = they think that
3. with the development of... 隨著……的發(fā)展
4. what's more 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，moreover
5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(轉(zhuǎn))Paragraph III：(1)承上啟下的過渡句; (2)提出另一種觀點或缺點;(3)本段的支持性分論點(4)本段總(可以省略)。
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.(轉(zhuǎn))
注：1. But 轉(zhuǎn)折詞(信號詞)
2. they emphasize that = they think that
3. today's society is not what it was 現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比
4. 許多知識 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge;
獲取知識 acquire/ get knowledge
5. knows nothing→little;he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(合)Paragraph IV：(1)平衡兩種看法;(2)給出自己的觀點。
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.(合)
Score: 11分
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
注：結(jié)構(gòu)非常好，可以套用。
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
注：1.“people, who...,”應(yīng)去掉逗號，改為限制性定語從句。
2. as many as bad books 改為 as many as bad ones
3. lead us to the wrong way 改為 lead sb. astray
4. they suggest that = they think that
5. touch 碰(閃光點詞匯：如教材P7：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩負(fù)起責(zé)任)
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.
注：1. hold 認(rèn)為 同樣表示“think”的詞還有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold
2. the best book 在西方國家是“圣經(jīng)”的意思
3. to know more, to read more 錯誤，中式英語
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse?
Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.
注：it is generally accepted that 人們通常認(rèn)為
As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.
注：1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that
2. “使……”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer
However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.
In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.
范文5. Travelling
People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.
注：geographical and historical 押尾韻，如：押頭韻 clear & clean
Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.
In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.
注：1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好處比壞處多，其他表達(dá)方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使
范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.
使句子具有表現(xiàn)力的手段：1、用形容詞修飾名詞;2、副詞修飾動詞、副詞修飾形容詞
On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.
In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.
范文21. Should smoking be banned?
Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.
注：1. vary greatly 許多種2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that
3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清氣爽
4. Giving and being given 給與被給。主、被動關(guān)系在英文中用現(xiàn)在、過去分詞表達(dá)。
But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.
注：1.They have heard the official reports that ... 官方報告表明.. 2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3. chance 可能
There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1. outweigh 比……重要，同樣的表達(dá)：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2. 后用兩句反問句結(jié)尾，非常精妙。
課后作業(yè) Private Cars
寫成4段的首段寫法：
① In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.
② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.
③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.
寫成3段的首段寫法：
With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard,
more and more people can own private cars.
cars are entering ordinary families.
the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)
支持段的主題句：
Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.
There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.
支持段的分論點：
① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.
② 舒適 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.
③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.
否定段的主題句：① However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.
② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.
③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects
④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.
⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.
⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that......
⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.
⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
否定段的分論點：
① 占有空間 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.
② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.
③ 污染環(huán)境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.
注意：所謂上義詞是指抽象、概括和籠統(tǒng)的，就是比較superordinate的詞;而下義詞就是具體的東西，即subordinate的東西。
第四段(總結(jié)段)的寫法：
① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.
② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.
③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.
④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.
選擇題型變體邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)(My View on Sth.)
選擇性觀點的變體的文章寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
Paragraph I:(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點; (2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。
Paragraph II:(1)提出作者觀點(本文主題句);
(2)舉例加以論證。
Paragraph III:(1)總結(jié)全文(再次強(qiáng)調(diào)作者觀點)
范文17. My View on Fate
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.
注：1. consensus 相同意見
2. 第一句話可以套用，如范文18：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.
3. while 輕微轉(zhuǎn)折和對比，強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折用詞but, however 4. master 主人
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.
注：1. 第一句as far as與I agree重復(fù)，把后半句改為the latter opinion seems more reasonable。
2. architect 建筑師，archor 弓箭手
3. In fact 前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，之前從正面闡述，之后從反面闡述
范文17. My View on Fate (續(xù))
Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.
注：1. 本段開始舉例
2. Let's take……for example 中間是插入語，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，舉例不宜太長。
In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”
注：bear sth. in mind：把……牢記在心
范文13. The Way to Success
第二段：Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.
評判作文
四級考試作文主要看內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言三個方面。
內(nèi)容不跑題即可，注意：1.不要妄圖以情動人;2.不要妄圖在構(gòu)思上出奇制勝。
結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：先寫主題句(Topic Sentence)，再寫分論點，后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。
語言重要，往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語言要模仿和包裝。
基本表達(dá)
人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that
越來越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of
萬能理由(Omnipotence)
1. 方便：convenient/ convenience
2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency
3. 節(jié)省和浪費：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish
4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, conserative
5. 人的身體健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6. 娛樂：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax, tired, boring, lonely
7. 環(huán)境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8. 安全和危險：safe, danger, risk
9. 經(jīng)驗：experience, social experience, enter the society
10. 人際：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely
寫完之后修改注意：(內(nèi)容方面盡量不要修改)
1、字母大小寫
2、怪符號
3、單詞拼寫
4、主謂一致
5、動詞時態(tài)
6、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
實例一
題目：Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提綱：(1)為什么自行車在中國這樣普及(2)和汽車的比較(3)自行車在中國的前途
Score: 8
Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.
The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car.
In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles.
Score: 14
Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -- man and woman, old and young -- ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.
注：1. 第一句總寫，第二句和第三句分寫，后總寫。
2. During the rush hour 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。
3. 破折號內(nèi)容為同位語,句式多變化。
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.
注：1. Compared with cars 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。
2. be superior to/ be inferior to 優(yōu)于/ 低于
3. thirst, second, third 英語語言有層次感，信號詞
4. cheap 便宜，好用inexpensive
5. be good for health 對健康有好處(萬能理由)
6. Moreover 表示遞進(jìn)
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.
注：promising 有前途的 a promising young man
Score: 11
There millions of bicycles in today’s China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.
注：第一句應(yīng)該用there be結(jié)構(gòu)
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.
I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.
I、對比觀點選擇題：1.有人認(rèn)為……; 2.另外一些人認(rèn)為……; 3.談?wù)勀愕挠^點和看法。(好寫成4段)
實例二 99年6月真題
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline: 1. 有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇2. 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書 3. 我的想法
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
(啟)Paragraph I：(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點; (2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。
Score: 14分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.(啟)
注：第一句提出問題，第二句提出兩種見解
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
(承)Paragraph II：(1)提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點;(2)本段的支持性分論點;(3)本段總結(jié)(可以省略)。
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.(承)
注：1. 本段總分總結(jié)構(gòu)
2. they argue that = they think that
3. with the development of... 隨著……的發(fā)展
4. what's more 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，moreover
5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(轉(zhuǎn))Paragraph III：(1)承上啟下的過渡句; (2)提出另一種觀點或缺點;(3)本段的支持性分論點(4)本段總(可以省略)。
But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.(轉(zhuǎn))
注：1. But 轉(zhuǎn)折詞(信號詞)
2. they emphasize that = they think that
3. today's society is not what it was 現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比
4. 許多知識 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge;
獲取知識 acquire/ get knowledge
5. knows nothing→little;he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉
典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(合)Paragraph IV：(1)平衡兩種看法;(2)給出自己的觀點。
Who’s right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.(合)
Score: 11分
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
注：結(jié)構(gòu)非常好，可以套用。
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
注：1.“people, who...,”應(yīng)去掉逗號，改為限制性定語從句。
2. as many as bad books 改為 as many as bad ones
3. lead us to the wrong way 改為 lead sb. astray
4. they suggest that = they think that
5. touch 碰(閃光點詞匯：如教材P7：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩負(fù)起責(zé)任)
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.
注：1. hold 認(rèn)為 同樣表示“think”的詞還有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold
2. the best book 在西方國家是“圣經(jīng)”的意思
3. to know more, to read more 錯誤，中式英語
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse?
Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.
注：it is generally accepted that 人們通常認(rèn)為
As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.
注：1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that
2. “使……”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer
However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.
In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.
范文5. Travelling
People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.
注：geographical and historical 押尾韻，如：押頭韻 clear & clean
Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.
In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.
注：1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好處比壞處多，其他表達(dá)方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使
范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.
使句子具有表現(xiàn)力的手段：1、用形容詞修飾名詞;2、副詞修飾動詞、副詞修飾形容詞
On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.
In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.
范文21. Should smoking be banned?
Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.
注：1. vary greatly 許多種2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that
3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清氣爽
4. Giving and being given 給與被給。主、被動關(guān)系在英文中用現(xiàn)在、過去分詞表達(dá)。
But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.
注：1.They have heard the official reports that ... 官方報告表明.. 2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3. chance 可能
There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1. outweigh 比……重要，同樣的表達(dá)：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2. 后用兩句反問句結(jié)尾，非常精妙。
課后作業(yè) Private Cars
寫成4段的首段寫法：
① In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.
② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.
③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.
寫成3段的首段寫法：
With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard,
more and more people can own private cars.
cars are entering ordinary families.
the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)
支持段的主題句：
Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.
There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.
支持段的分論點：
① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.
② 舒適 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.
③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.
否定段的主題句：① However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.
② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.
③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects
④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.
⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.
⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that......
⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.
⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
否定段的分論點：
① 占有空間 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.
② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.
③ 污染環(huán)境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.
注意：所謂上義詞是指抽象、概括和籠統(tǒng)的，就是比較superordinate的詞;而下義詞就是具體的東西，即subordinate的東西。
第四段(總結(jié)段)的寫法：
① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.
② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.
③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.
④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.
選擇題型變體邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)(My View on Sth.)
選擇性觀點的變體的文章寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
Paragraph I:(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點; (2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。
Paragraph II:(1)提出作者觀點(本文主題句);
(2)舉例加以論證。
Paragraph III:(1)總結(jié)全文(再次強(qiáng)調(diào)作者觀點)
范文17. My View on Fate
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.
注：1. consensus 相同意見
2. 第一句話可以套用，如范文18：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.
3. while 輕微轉(zhuǎn)折和對比，強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折用詞but, however 4. master 主人
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.
注：1. 第一句as far as與I agree重復(fù)，把后半句改為the latter opinion seems more reasonable。
2. architect 建筑師，archor 弓箭手
3. In fact 前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，之前從正面闡述，之后從反面闡述
范文17. My View on Fate (續(xù))
Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.
注：1. 本段開始舉例
2. Let's take……for example 中間是插入語，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，舉例不宜太長。
In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”
注：bear sth. in mind：把……牢記在心
范文13. The Way to Success
第二段：Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.