在現(xiàn)行的高考試題中，改錯(cuò)題屬于主觀試題客觀考查的綜合性高層次試題。它既考查方方面面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，又考查綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，包括寫作能力。很多考生面對(duì)此題，茫然不知所措，結(jié)果沒錯(cuò)的地方給改錯(cuò)了，錯(cuò)誤的地方卻放過了。
為了避免解題的盲目性，現(xiàn)根據(jù)近幾年來所見此題中的錯(cuò)誤類型，歸納出一些規(guī)律，編成順口溜如下：
一看一致二詞類，三多四少五搭配，六句七語(yǔ)八非謂，九看邏輯對(duì)不對(duì)，拼寫無誤便全對(duì)。
1. “一致”，指一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤，包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞一致等。如：
All he said were right. (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致，應(yīng)把were改成was）
2. “詞類”，指詞法，包括同義詞、反義詞、易混詞；名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格；代詞的格；定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用；名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用；比較范圍的錯(cuò)誤。如：
We should remember what we all learnt our own language when we were children. (what應(yīng)改為that)
She found a wallet laying on the ground. (laying應(yīng)改為lying)
3. “多”，指多詞，句中多了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如：
This river is much more longer than that one. (多了副詞more)
From his answer we shall know the something now. (不定代詞前不加冠詞，故去掉the)
4. “少”，指少詞，句中少了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如：
Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation. ( attention 后缺少介詞to)
5. “搭配”，指固定搭配。如：
We could learn a second language by the same way. ( 固定搭配應(yīng)為in the same way)
6．“句”，指句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Long ago there had a war between the two countries. (表“存在”的句型應(yīng)為there be + 主語(yǔ)，故把had改為was)
7. “語(yǔ)”，指語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
He broke the law and punished. (punished 前加was)
8. “非謂”， 指非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：
Scientists like Newton and Watt were usually interesting in these facts. (interesting 改為 interested)
9. “邏輯”，指文章的邏輯意義，句與句、段與段之間使用的承接詞是轉(zhuǎn)折型、遞增型還是因果型，以及受空間、時(shí)間限定的詞語(yǔ)的使用。如：
This is a lie, and his parents did not know. (兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折型，and改為but)
10. “拼寫”，指單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤。如：
The hurricane destroied the houses along the coast. (destroied 改為destroyed)
掌握以上要點(diǎn)，加之平時(shí)有針對(duì)性地巧下功夫，短文改錯(cuò)便可輕松搞定。
為了避免解題的盲目性，現(xiàn)根據(jù)近幾年來所見此題中的錯(cuò)誤類型，歸納出一些規(guī)律，編成順口溜如下：
一看一致二詞類，三多四少五搭配，六句七語(yǔ)八非謂，九看邏輯對(duì)不對(duì)，拼寫無誤便全對(duì)。
1. “一致”，指一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤，包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞一致等。如：
All he said were right. (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致，應(yīng)把were改成was）
2. “詞類”，指詞法，包括同義詞、反義詞、易混詞；名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格；代詞的格；定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用；名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用；比較范圍的錯(cuò)誤。如：
We should remember what we all learnt our own language when we were children. (what應(yīng)改為that)
She found a wallet laying on the ground. (laying應(yīng)改為lying)
3. “多”，指多詞，句中多了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如：
This river is much more longer than that one. (多了副詞more)
From his answer we shall know the something now. (不定代詞前不加冠詞，故去掉the)
4. “少”，指少詞，句中少了主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如：
Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation. ( attention 后缺少介詞to)
5. “搭配”，指固定搭配。如：
We could learn a second language by the same way. ( 固定搭配應(yīng)為in the same way)
6．“句”，指句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Long ago there had a war between the two countries. (表“存在”的句型應(yīng)為there be + 主語(yǔ)，故把had改為was)
7. “語(yǔ)”，指語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
He broke the law and punished. (punished 前加was)
8. “非謂”， 指非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：
Scientists like Newton and Watt were usually interesting in these facts. (interesting 改為 interested)
9. “邏輯”，指文章的邏輯意義，句與句、段與段之間使用的承接詞是轉(zhuǎn)折型、遞增型還是因果型，以及受空間、時(shí)間限定的詞語(yǔ)的使用。如：
This is a lie, and his parents did not know. (兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折型，and改為but)
10. “拼寫”，指單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤。如：
The hurricane destroied the houses along the coast. (destroied 改為destroyed)
掌握以上要點(diǎn)，加之平時(shí)有針對(duì)性地巧下功夫，短文改錯(cuò)便可輕松搞定。