LESSON 1
一、術(shù)語
制成品 manufactured goods 資本貨物 capital goods 國際收支 balance of payments 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目 current account 有形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 visible trade account 無形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 invisible trade account 貿(mào)易順差 trade surplus 貿(mào)易逆差 trade deficit
易貨貿(mào)易 barter 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 compensation trade 反向貿(mào)易 counter-trade 組裝生產(chǎn) assembly manufacturing 工商統(tǒng)一稅 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合資企業(yè) joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 買方信貸 buyer credit 賣方信貸 supplier credit 軟貸款 （低息貸款） soft loan 最惠國待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）
永久性正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations） 國民收入 NI（National Income） 國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP（Gross National Product） 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product） 國際復(fù)興和開發(fā)銀行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development） 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會(huì) IDA（International Development Association） 國際金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation） 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）
國際清算銀行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement） 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體 EEC（European Economic Community） 歐洲聯(lián)盟 EU（European Union） 外商直接投資 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）
二、詞語釋義：
substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerably
subsequently： afterwards
exacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worse
withdraw： cancellation
theme： principle
in return for： in exchange for
disrupt： interrupt
destined： designed
pronounced： marked
in the wake of： following； after with undue： too much； unbearable
reverse： change to the opposite
buoyant： brisk
outcome： result
boost： stimulate； promote； develop
recover： rebound
facilitate： make easy
run-down： reduction mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions insofar as： to the extent bottlenecks： obstacles
三、句子翻譯
1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.
20世紀(jì)50年代，中國向前蘇聯(lián)和東歐各國出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品以換取制成品和國家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃所要求的資本設(shè)備，而國家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃則強(qiáng)調(diào)重工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.
在文化*期間，外貿(mào)的增長又一次被打斷了。當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)急劇下降，運(yùn)輸管制變的更嚴(yán)重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China‘s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing undue strain on the national economy.
在這個(gè)時(shí)期，出口增長要快于進(jìn)口增長不僅是由于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃者著重強(qiáng)調(diào)出口，也是因?yàn)榇蠖喙I(yè)項(xiàng)目在1979年被推遲了。官方承認(rèn)外國技術(shù)能夠在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化化中起重大作用，這導(dǎo)致了1978年中國的進(jìn)口增加了50%以上，從而給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了重壓。
4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry， but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.
中國官員強(qiáng)調(diào)為國內(nèi)工業(yè)引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)的重要性，但是需要的是各種程度不同的精尖技術(shù)，而不是像西方國家理解的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。
5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. 沒有官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料涉及無形貿(mào)易收支，但在1981－1983年期間的有形貿(mào)易順差的大小和旅游贏利的顯著增長表明了經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目在過去幾年里有盈余。
6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods， produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.
根據(jù)顧客提供的樣品來生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。由此國外的供應(yīng)商提供原材料和設(shè)備并收到由其提供的設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出來的制成品作為回報(bào)。補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易在某種程度上不同于易貨貿(mào)易和反向貿(mào)易，在國外提供的設(shè)備和制成品中有直接的聯(lián)系。來件組裝始于1978年，特殊的對外貿(mào)易形式有資格免除關(guān)稅和其他稅收。
7. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China‘s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy， such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints， have been tackled.
許多發(fā)展中國家面對的債務(wù)問題使中國在引進(jìn)外國技術(shù)時(shí)下了這樣的決心：采用直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式融資，而不是在國際資本市場籌集大額的資金。在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際瓶頸，如運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方認(rèn)為招來大筆外債的做法是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR>
一、術(shù)語
制成品 manufactured goods 資本貨物 capital goods 國際收支 balance of payments 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目 current account 有形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 visible trade account 無形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 invisible trade account 貿(mào)易順差 trade surplus 貿(mào)易逆差 trade deficit
易貨貿(mào)易 barter 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 compensation trade 反向貿(mào)易 counter-trade 組裝生產(chǎn) assembly manufacturing 工商統(tǒng)一稅 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合資企業(yè) joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 買方信貸 buyer credit 賣方信貸 supplier credit 軟貸款 （低息貸款） soft loan 最惠國待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）
永久性正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations） 國民收入 NI（National Income） 國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP（Gross National Product） 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product） 國際復(fù)興和開發(fā)銀行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development） 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會(huì) IDA（International Development Association） 國際金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation） 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）
國際清算銀行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement） 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體 EEC（European Economic Community） 歐洲聯(lián)盟 EU（European Union） 外商直接投資 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）
二、詞語釋義：
substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerably
subsequently： afterwards
exacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worse
withdraw： cancellation
theme： principle
in return for： in exchange for
disrupt： interrupt
destined： designed
pronounced： marked
in the wake of： following； after with undue： too much； unbearable
reverse： change to the opposite
buoyant： brisk
outcome： result
boost： stimulate； promote； develop
recover： rebound
facilitate： make easy
run-down： reduction mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions insofar as： to the extent bottlenecks： obstacles
三、句子翻譯
1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.
20世紀(jì)50年代，中國向前蘇聯(lián)和東歐各國出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品以換取制成品和國家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃所要求的資本設(shè)備，而國家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃則強(qiáng)調(diào)重工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.
在文化*期間，外貿(mào)的增長又一次被打斷了。當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)急劇下降，運(yùn)輸管制變的更嚴(yán)重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China‘s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing undue strain on the national economy.
在這個(gè)時(shí)期，出口增長要快于進(jìn)口增長不僅是由于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃者著重強(qiáng)調(diào)出口，也是因?yàn)榇蠖喙I(yè)項(xiàng)目在1979年被推遲了。官方承認(rèn)外國技術(shù)能夠在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化化中起重大作用，這導(dǎo)致了1978年中國的進(jìn)口增加了50%以上，從而給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了重壓。
4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry， but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.
中國官員強(qiáng)調(diào)為國內(nèi)工業(yè)引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)的重要性，但是需要的是各種程度不同的精尖技術(shù)，而不是像西方國家理解的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。
5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. 沒有官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料涉及無形貿(mào)易收支，但在1981－1983年期間的有形貿(mào)易順差的大小和旅游贏利的顯著增長表明了經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目在過去幾年里有盈余。
6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods， produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.
根據(jù)顧客提供的樣品來生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。由此國外的供應(yīng)商提供原材料和設(shè)備并收到由其提供的設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出來的制成品作為回報(bào)。補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易在某種程度上不同于易貨貿(mào)易和反向貿(mào)易，在國外提供的設(shè)備和制成品中有直接的聯(lián)系。來件組裝始于1978年，特殊的對外貿(mào)易形式有資格免除關(guān)稅和其他稅收。
7. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China‘s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy， such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints， have been tackled.
許多發(fā)展中國家面對的債務(wù)問題使中國在引進(jìn)外國技術(shù)時(shí)下了這樣的決心：采用直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式融資，而不是在國際資本市場籌集大額的資金。在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際瓶頸，如運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方認(rèn)為招來大筆外債的做法是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR>