11.It is the intention of those who have constructed the apartheid society， and who intend that it should last forever， that those who make up the society should be prevented from communicating with each other. （ para. 11）
It 是形式主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是 that those who make up the society should be prevented from communicating with each other.
句中有三個(gè) who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 those
全句大意為“這是那些建立種族隔離社會(huì)的人，并且希望這種社會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)維持下去的人的意圖，他們企圖禁止構(gòu)成這個(gè)社會(huì)的人相互交流?！?BR> 12.Black and white must be cut off from each other， must be unable to communicate. （para.11）
be cut off 被隔絕
13.It is on this division that apartheid rests. （para.11）
to rest on /upon 意思是“建立在…之上，依靠”
本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是介詞短語(yǔ)。譯為：“種族隔離正是建立在這種分隔之上?！?BR> But the real damage is in daily human relations. I have seen white children standing in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white and this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law. ⒁From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity； ⒂the suffering of a human being ceases to be real because he has ceased to be a real human being.
14.…this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law.（ para. 12）
本句是一個(gè)帶有結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，
much further than … ， 代詞 it 指的是 rejection “排斥”
backed by law 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)
全句大意為：“ 這在我看來(lái)是對(duì)另一個(gè)人的徹底排斥，這種排斥如此徹底，以至于超出了由法律支持的隔絕和分離。”
15.From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity.（para.12）
這是一個(gè)全部倒裝句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞comes提到主語(yǔ)之前，倒裝原因是主語(yǔ)a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity 過(guò)長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)也為了更好地承接前文，前邊剛提到rejection
譯為：“這種排斥導(dǎo)致普通人性感情的徹底喪失。”
This is the situation， which has been created in South Africa today. The tensions are real， the threat of a violent eruption constant. And this must not be thought of simply as the product of political factors of arguments. It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue， understanding ， friendship - all these are impossible.⒃
This is the effect of apartheid in terms of society - this is its all pervasive extent： it breeds ，if it breeds anything ， hostility： often the result is simply the bitter sterility which will bring about violence.
16.It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue， understanding， friendship all these are impossible. （ para. 13 ）
本句 it 是形式主語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，其中有一個(gè)so… that 結(jié)構(gòu)。
全句大意為：“這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)：人們之間的關(guān)系惡化到了如此地步，以至于人們之間的對(duì)話、理解、友誼，所有這些都成了不可能的事?！?BR> 補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：
動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)名詞前面可以加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，表示行為的主體，成為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)
例如：
① What‘s the use of my doing that ？
② I dislike John‘s coming to see me so often .
③ This young man somehow slipped a watch into his pocket without the teacher‘s knowing it.
2.在非正式英語(yǔ)中，尤其是當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可以用人稱代詞的賓格或普通格的名詞修飾動(dòng)名詞
例如：
① Nothing can stop me trying again.
② Do you mind John driving you home ？
It 是形式主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是 that those who make up the society should be prevented from communicating with each other.
句中有三個(gè) who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 those
全句大意為“這是那些建立種族隔離社會(huì)的人，并且希望這種社會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)維持下去的人的意圖，他們企圖禁止構(gòu)成這個(gè)社會(huì)的人相互交流?！?BR> 12.Black and white must be cut off from each other， must be unable to communicate. （para.11）
be cut off 被隔絕
13.It is on this division that apartheid rests. （para.11）
to rest on /upon 意思是“建立在…之上，依靠”
本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是介詞短語(yǔ)。譯為：“種族隔離正是建立在這種分隔之上?！?BR> But the real damage is in daily human relations. I have seen white children standing in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white and this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law. ⒁From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity； ⒂the suffering of a human being ceases to be real because he has ceased to be a real human being.
14.…this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law.（ para. 12）
本句是一個(gè)帶有結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，
much further than … ， 代詞 it 指的是 rejection “排斥”
backed by law 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)
全句大意為：“ 這在我看來(lái)是對(duì)另一個(gè)人的徹底排斥，這種排斥如此徹底，以至于超出了由法律支持的隔絕和分離。”
15.From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity.（para.12）
這是一個(gè)全部倒裝句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞comes提到主語(yǔ)之前，倒裝原因是主語(yǔ)a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity 過(guò)長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)也為了更好地承接前文，前邊剛提到rejection
譯為：“這種排斥導(dǎo)致普通人性感情的徹底喪失。”
This is the situation， which has been created in South Africa today. The tensions are real， the threat of a violent eruption constant. And this must not be thought of simply as the product of political factors of arguments. It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue， understanding ， friendship - all these are impossible.⒃
This is the effect of apartheid in terms of society - this is its all pervasive extent： it breeds ，if it breeds anything ， hostility： often the result is simply the bitter sterility which will bring about violence.
16.It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue， understanding， friendship all these are impossible. （ para. 13 ）
本句 it 是形式主語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，其中有一個(gè)so… that 結(jié)構(gòu)。
全句大意為：“這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)：人們之間的關(guān)系惡化到了如此地步，以至于人們之間的對(duì)話、理解、友誼，所有這些都成了不可能的事?！?BR> 補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：
動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)名詞前面可以加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，表示行為的主體，成為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)
例如：
① What‘s the use of my doing that ？
② I dislike John‘s coming to see me so often .
③ This young man somehow slipped a watch into his pocket without the teacher‘s knowing it.
2.在非正式英語(yǔ)中，尤其是當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可以用人稱代詞的賓格或普通格的名詞修飾動(dòng)名詞
例如：
① Nothing can stop me trying again.
② Do you mind John driving you home ？