11. prescribed daily doses of information 是比喻的說法，
譯：有些學生需要老師像醫(yī)生開藥一樣每天給他們規(guī)定一定量的信息。
others need challenge and a high degree of responsibility for the design of their own work. But for too long， teachers have insisted that there is one best way to teach and learn， even though they have disagreed about what that way is.⑿
12.that 引導賓語從句，even though 引導讓步狀語從句，
disagree about 意見不合，有分歧
譯：但長期以來，盡管老師們對什么是的教學方法存在分歧，卻堅持認為只有一種的教學方法。
A century ago， the greatest majority of Americans lived in communities so small that only one one -room schoolhouse was within walking distance of small children. Then there had to be “one right method” for everybody to learn.
Today the great majority of pupils in the United State（and all developed countries） live in big cities with such density that there can easily be three or four elementary schools -as well as secondary schools within each child‘s walking or bicycling distance. This enables students and their parents to choose between alternative routes to learning offered by competing schools.
Indeed， competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system. Private schools and colleges have shown an unusual ability to survive and develop during a period of rising costs and dropping enrollments elsewhere. All this present， of course， a true threat to the public school establishment.
But economics， student needs and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the traditional education monopoly just as trucks and airplanes broke the monopoly of railroads， and computers and “chips” are breaking the telephone monopoly.⒀
13.be bound（bind 的過去分詞）to （必然）
bind（動詞——綁）
該句的主語是economics， student needs and our new understanding，其中 economics 應該理解為“經濟因素”。
to break the monopoly 意為：“打破壟斷”
just as 引導方式狀語從句
譯：但是經濟因素、學生的需要以及我們對如何學習的新觀點都必然要打破傳統(tǒng)教育的壟斷，正如卡車和飛機打破了鐵路的壟斷、計算機與芯片正在打破電話的壟斷一樣。
In the next 10 or 15 years we will almost certainly see strong pressures to make schools responsible for thinking through what kind of learning methods are appropriate for each child.
We will almost certainly see great pressure， from parents and students alike， for result-focused education and for accountability in meeting objectives set for individual students. ⒁
14.result（名詞——結果、效果）
focus （動詞——集中）
accountability in 意為：“在…方面的責任感 ”
set for individual students 過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾objectives 為各個學生制定的目標
本句難理解的難點主要在介詞和名詞的搭配：great pressure … from … for … and for
譯：我們幾乎肯定還會遇到來自父母及學生同樣巨大的壓力，要求講究教育實效，要認真負責地實現(xiàn)為各個學生制定的教育目標。
The continuing professional education of highly educated adults will become a third tier in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. Above all， attention will shift back to schools and education as the central capital investment and infrastructure of a “knowledge society.”
補充語法知識
并列結構：在一些長句子里，經常出現(xiàn)并列結構，如：不定式的并列、動名詞或名詞短語的并列、介詞短語的并列等等。掌握這些結構有利于長句的理解。要注意的是不能把不同類的詞或短語并列或平行使用。
例如：
1.That problem is not solely how to be more productive， more comfortable， more content， but how to be more sensitive， more sensible， more proportionate， more alive.
不定式的并列
2.But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identity their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is.
不定式的并列
3.Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others； the possibilities of creative growth in himself； the memory of the race； and the rights of the next generation
名詞短語的并列
4.The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed， or enlarged capacity， or prolonged memory， or reduced size， but for better questions and better use of the answers.
介詞短語的并列
譯：有些學生需要老師像醫(yī)生開藥一樣每天給他們規(guī)定一定量的信息。
others need challenge and a high degree of responsibility for the design of their own work. But for too long， teachers have insisted that there is one best way to teach and learn， even though they have disagreed about what that way is.⑿
12.that 引導賓語從句，even though 引導讓步狀語從句，
disagree about 意見不合，有分歧
譯：但長期以來，盡管老師們對什么是的教學方法存在分歧，卻堅持認為只有一種的教學方法。
A century ago， the greatest majority of Americans lived in communities so small that only one one -room schoolhouse was within walking distance of small children. Then there had to be “one right method” for everybody to learn.
Today the great majority of pupils in the United State（and all developed countries） live in big cities with such density that there can easily be three or four elementary schools -as well as secondary schools within each child‘s walking or bicycling distance. This enables students and their parents to choose between alternative routes to learning offered by competing schools.
Indeed， competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system. Private schools and colleges have shown an unusual ability to survive and develop during a period of rising costs and dropping enrollments elsewhere. All this present， of course， a true threat to the public school establishment.
But economics， student needs and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the traditional education monopoly just as trucks and airplanes broke the monopoly of railroads， and computers and “chips” are breaking the telephone monopoly.⒀
13.be bound（bind 的過去分詞）to （必然）
bind（動詞——綁）
該句的主語是economics， student needs and our new understanding，其中 economics 應該理解為“經濟因素”。
to break the monopoly 意為：“打破壟斷”
just as 引導方式狀語從句
譯：但是經濟因素、學生的需要以及我們對如何學習的新觀點都必然要打破傳統(tǒng)教育的壟斷，正如卡車和飛機打破了鐵路的壟斷、計算機與芯片正在打破電話的壟斷一樣。
In the next 10 or 15 years we will almost certainly see strong pressures to make schools responsible for thinking through what kind of learning methods are appropriate for each child.
We will almost certainly see great pressure， from parents and students alike， for result-focused education and for accountability in meeting objectives set for individual students. ⒁
14.result（名詞——結果、效果）
focus （動詞——集中）
accountability in 意為：“在…方面的責任感 ”
set for individual students 過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾objectives 為各個學生制定的目標
本句難理解的難點主要在介詞和名詞的搭配：great pressure … from … for … and for
譯：我們幾乎肯定還會遇到來自父母及學生同樣巨大的壓力，要求講究教育實效，要認真負責地實現(xiàn)為各個學生制定的教育目標。
The continuing professional education of highly educated adults will become a third tier in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. Above all， attention will shift back to schools and education as the central capital investment and infrastructure of a “knowledge society.”
補充語法知識
并列結構：在一些長句子里，經常出現(xiàn)并列結構，如：不定式的并列、動名詞或名詞短語的并列、介詞短語的并列等等。掌握這些結構有利于長句的理解。要注意的是不能把不同類的詞或短語并列或平行使用。
例如：
1.That problem is not solely how to be more productive， more comfortable， more content， but how to be more sensitive， more sensible， more proportionate， more alive.
不定式的并列
2.But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identity their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is.
不定式的并列
3.Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others； the possibilities of creative growth in himself； the memory of the race； and the rights of the next generation
名詞短語的并列
4.The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed， or enlarged capacity， or prolonged memory， or reduced size， but for better questions and better use of the answers.
介詞短語的并列