自考“英語(二)”完整講義(109)

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7.1)本句的主干是we are reading
    2)在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,our seizing hold 中,our 是動名詞seizing 的邏輯主語。 while表示對比,意思是“而,然而”。work away意思是“連續(xù)地工作,忙碌地工作”
    全句譯文:可是我們越來越多地讀到第三世界的人們對我們發(fā)達(dá)國家的人(其中美國比任何國家都發(fā)達(dá))懷有仇恨,因為我們攫取了世界上三分之二的財富,過著帝王般的生活,而他們整日勞作才勉強糊口。
    The money and the time we spend on pets is simply not our own to spend as we like in a time of widespread want and starvation. ⑧A relief organization advertises that for $33 a month they can give hospital care to a child suffering from kwashiorkor -the severe deficiency disease which is simply a starving for protein. Doing without such a pet, and then sending the money saved to a relief organization would mean saving a life -over the years, several human lives.⑨
    8.1)本句的主干是The money and the time , we spend on pets 是定語從句修飾The money and the time.
    2)to spend as we like 是不等式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語修飾our own . 最后的介詞短語是時間狀語修飾全句。
    全句譯文:在一個遍地貧困和饑餓的時代里,我們花在寵物身上的金錢和時間就不單純是一個我們隨心所欲花費的問題了。
    9.句子主語較長,其中saved是過去分詞作后置定語修飾the money
    全句譯文:不養(yǎng)寵物,而把省下的錢送給救濟組織就意味著救人一命——持續(xù)幾年就會救活幾條人命。
    Children not suffering from such a grave disease could be fed with half that amount -not on a diet like ours, but on plain, basic, life-sustaining food. It is not unreasonable to believe that the amount of money we spend on the average pet dog could keep a child alive in a region of great poverty. To give what we would spend on a cat might not feed a child, but it would probably pay for his medical care or basic education.⑩ The point needs no laboring. That is that need be said.
    10.本句是由 but 連接的兩個并列句。在前一部分中,To give what we would spend on a cat是主語,其中有一個由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,意思是:“我們可能在一只貓身上花的錢”
    全句譯文:把我們可能在一只貓身上花的錢捐獻(xiàn)出去也許養(yǎng)活不了一個孩子,但可以夠支付他的醫(yī)療費和教育費。
    英譯漢翻譯方法介紹 詞的翻譯(一)
    方法介紹:
    一、詞義的選擇(selecting)
    英文是含糊的語文(ambiguous language),因此在翻譯中遇到最多的問題就是詞義的選擇。解決辦法:根據(jù)語境(context)即上下文來確定詞義,翻譯的最小單位是句子而不是詞。
    1.有許多詞是一詞多義:
    例如:term n. 學(xué)期,術(shù)語,說法,條款
    stand v. 站立,位于,忍受,承受
    bank n. 銀行,河岸 story n. 故事,樓(層)
    2.還有許多詞是一詞多種詞性,而且詞義也不同。
    例如:book n. 書 v. 預(yù)定
    run v. 跑,n. 一次出生(或一起飼養(yǎng))的動物
    rest v. 休息 n. 其余(的東西)
    sound n .聲音 v. 聽起來 a. 合理的,健康的 ad. 徹底地
    二、詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯(changing)
    1. 名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
    It‘s my pleasure to have you for dinner. (n.-v.) 很高興能請你吃飯。
    Tell me what this word means. ( v. -n.) 告訴我這個詞的意義。
    2.介詞譯成動詞
    I‘m not against your opinion.我不反對你的觀點。
    She went to shop for tea .她去商店買茶葉。
    He lay down on the bed in his clothes.他穿著衣服躺在床上。
    3.表語形容詞譯成動詞
    有一些表示心理狀態(tài)的形容詞,一般只能作表語,例如:afraid, glad, sorry, fond, sure, alive, asleep, awake, able/unable, aware/unaware
    I‘m afraid he is out . 我擔(dān)心他出去了。 I’m sure you are right. 我肯定你是對的
    4.其他詞類間的轉(zhuǎn)換
    參看教材P288 例句