三、增詞（adding）
1.有一些英文句子，按照字面翻譯，意義不完全，此時必須加詞才符合漢語的習(xí)慣
Mother was hanging out the wash. 媽媽把洗好了的衣服掛起來。
We can room together. 我們可以住一間屋。
2.實體名詞：Air China 中國國際航空公司
3.抽象名詞：tension 要根據(jù)具體語境，譯成緊張（情況、關(guān)系、局勢或心情）。
教材P318 例句
4.名詞復(fù)數(shù)：dogs 幾只狗，一些狗
5.時態(tài)：完成時譯成，已經(jīng)…了；進(jìn)行時譯成，正在…；過去時譯成，曾經(jīng)…了
6.狀語：根據(jù)不同的目的、原因、讓步等狀語，分別譯為：為了…，由于…，雖然…
四、減詞（omitting）
一些可有可無的詞，意義已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)于譯文中了，可以省略不譯
1.省略主語：One will fail unless he works hard. 不努力就會失敗。
2.省略物主代詞：He is keeping his bed. 他正臥床養(yǎng)病。
I‘ll try my best . 我盡力而為。
3.省略連接詞：Sunday is the day when I am not busy. 星期天是我不忙的日子。
五、重復(fù)（repeating）
1.為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)而重復(fù)
What we want is to learn，to learn and to learn.
Taxes，taxes and more taxes
2.為了重復(fù)代詞所替代的原詞
The country has its advantage. 農(nóng)村有農(nóng)村的優(yōu)勢。
教材P 322 例句
3.為了表達(dá)明確具體，重復(fù)英文中省略的詞
We have to learn to analyze and solve problem. 我們必須學(xué)會分析問題解決問題。
Unit 11 練習(xí)
1.動物研究對人類醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。
Animal research has made great contributions to human medical development.
Animal research has contributed a great deal to the development of human medicine.
2.動物研究是否與人體健康有關(guān)，人們持不同態(tài)度。
People have different ideas about whether animal research is relevant to human health.
3.用于實驗的動物數(shù)量在過去二十年中已大大減少了。
The number of animals used in experiments has declined greatly over the past 20 years.
研究的新成果表明，少數(shù)實驗可以放棄使用動物。
4.The new research findings show that a few experiments can be done without using animals.
The new development in research has shown that a small proportion of tests can be done without using animals.
5.盡管醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)越來越先進(jìn)，但完全停止使用動物做實驗仍然很遠(yuǎn)。
Although medical techniques are becoming more advanced， stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.
Although medical technique becomes more and more advanced， stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.
1.有一些英文句子，按照字面翻譯，意義不完全，此時必須加詞才符合漢語的習(xí)慣
Mother was hanging out the wash. 媽媽把洗好了的衣服掛起來。
We can room together. 我們可以住一間屋。
2.實體名詞：Air China 中國國際航空公司
3.抽象名詞：tension 要根據(jù)具體語境，譯成緊張（情況、關(guān)系、局勢或心情）。
教材P318 例句
4.名詞復(fù)數(shù)：dogs 幾只狗，一些狗
5.時態(tài)：完成時譯成，已經(jīng)…了；進(jìn)行時譯成，正在…；過去時譯成，曾經(jīng)…了
6.狀語：根據(jù)不同的目的、原因、讓步等狀語，分別譯為：為了…，由于…，雖然…
四、減詞（omitting）
一些可有可無的詞，意義已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)于譯文中了，可以省略不譯
1.省略主語：One will fail unless he works hard. 不努力就會失敗。
2.省略物主代詞：He is keeping his bed. 他正臥床養(yǎng)病。
I‘ll try my best . 我盡力而為。
3.省略連接詞：Sunday is the day when I am not busy. 星期天是我不忙的日子。
五、重復(fù)（repeating）
1.為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)而重復(fù)
What we want is to learn，to learn and to learn.
Taxes，taxes and more taxes
2.為了重復(fù)代詞所替代的原詞
The country has its advantage. 農(nóng)村有農(nóng)村的優(yōu)勢。
教材P 322 例句
3.為了表達(dá)明確具體，重復(fù)英文中省略的詞
We have to learn to analyze and solve problem. 我們必須學(xué)會分析問題解決問題。
Unit 11 練習(xí)
1.動物研究對人類醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。
Animal research has made great contributions to human medical development.
Animal research has contributed a great deal to the development of human medicine.
2.動物研究是否與人體健康有關(guān)，人們持不同態(tài)度。
People have different ideas about whether animal research is relevant to human health.
3.用于實驗的動物數(shù)量在過去二十年中已大大減少了。
The number of animals used in experiments has declined greatly over the past 20 years.
研究的新成果表明，少數(shù)實驗可以放棄使用動物。
4.The new research findings show that a few experiments can be done without using animals.
The new development in research has shown that a small proportion of tests can be done without using animals.
5.盡管醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)越來越先進(jìn)，但完全停止使用動物做實驗仍然很遠(yuǎn)。
Although medical techniques are becoming more advanced， stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.
Although medical technique becomes more and more advanced， stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.