自考“英語(二)”完整講義(130)

字號(hào):

英譯漢翻譯方法介紹 句子的翻譯(一)
    英譯漢句子翻譯:
    一、分譯與合譯
    1.分譯
    英語的一些語句有時(shí)比較簡練,但在翻譯成漢語時(shí),為了表達(dá)更完美,原句可譯成兩句(或兩句以上)
    Everything here is dear to her.對這里的一切事物,她都感到親切。
    2.合譯
    可以把相鄰的、語義緊密地句子譯成一句;把復(fù)合句、并列句譯成簡單句
    Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
    二、復(fù)合句的翻譯及順序
    注意:英語句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與漢語句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)不存在一致關(guān)系。英文句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)側(cè)重語法功能,而漢語則側(cè)重于意思的表達(dá)。另外,英語一個(gè)句子中只有一個(gè)謂語,而漢語中使用動(dòng)詞較多。
    1.名詞從句的譯法:翻譯時(shí)順序一般不變
    主語從句 What you say is always true.你說的話總是對的。(合譯)
    It is still a question which way is more effective.
    哪種辦法效率更高,這還是個(gè)問題。(分譯)
    表語從句 One idea is that fish is the best brain food .有一種看法認(rèn)為魚是的補(bǔ)腦食品。
    賓語從句 She asked the teacher why some words were hard to remember.
    她問老師為什么有些字很難記住。
    同位語從句 I have an idea that parents should monitor the kind of television their children watch.
    我有一個(gè)想法,父母應(yīng)該檢查孩子看電視的內(nèi)容(種類)
    2.定語從句的譯法
    定語從句的譯法應(yīng)符合漢語習(xí)慣,一般來說,限制性定語從句前置譯,非限制性定語從句常采用后置的譯法,但如果從句較短,也可前置。
    I'll teach you such a lesson as you'll never forget.我要給你一個(gè)終生難忘的教訓(xùn)。
    They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which was not reasonable .
    他們對我們的要求置之不理,這是毫無道理的。
    3.狀語從句的譯法
    狀語從句有九種:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、方式、讓步
    要注意從屬連詞的意義
    since 可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句:“自從,從…時(shí)候開始”;原因狀語從句,“既然、由于”as 關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)狀語從句,as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從“當(dāng)什么時(shí)候”主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。引導(dǎo)原因從句,“由于”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句“雖然,盡管”倒裝。方式狀語從句“像,如同”。
    although /though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
    while 可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句“雖然”,也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,也可以是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞,“然而、而”表示兩個(gè)事物的對比。
    no matter +when /where /how=whenever/wherever /however
    Unit 13 練習(xí)
    一、單詞詞組英譯漢:
    1.compel 2.voluntary 3.undertake 4.coincide 5.manual
    6.efficiency 7.compulsion 8.division 9.eliminate 10.boring
    11.amusement . so far as …knows . to coincide with . attitude toward . to go in for
    二、句子英譯漢:
    1.He cannot be really happy if his compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing. (para.1)
    2.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends , not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it. (para. 3)
    3.The difference does not , for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.