6.lengthen ： v. 使延長，變長，延伸
派生詞：length n. 長度， 長
I‘ll have to lengthen this skirt. 我得把這條裙子放長。
There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years.
有計劃要將這個三年制課程延長為四年。
7.neglect：v./n. 忽視，忽略
He neglected his studies， so he failed to pass the exam.
他忽視了學(xué)業(yè)，因此沒能通過考試。
Don‘t neglect to lock the door when your leave. 離開時別忘了鎖門。
He always neglects his own health. 他總是不注意自己的健康。
近義詞：ignore v. 忽視，不顧（主要指故意忽視，不管）；
例：I said hello to her， but she ignored me completely.
我向她打招呼，她竟不理睬我。
I can‘t ignore his rudeness any longer. 我不能再無視他的粗魯了。
8.expectation： n. 期待，預(yù)料
派生詞：expect v. 期待，期望
The size of the loss was beyond all of our expectations.
損失的數(shù)目超出了我們所有人的預(yù)料。
There are widespread expectations that the UK will cut its interest rate.
人們普遍預(yù)測英國會降低利率。
詞組：phrases
1.to approximate to： 大體是，近于，近似，與…接近
Your latest design approximates much more closely to what I understand the building to be like.
你的新設(shè)計與我所想的那房子的模樣接近得多了。
His description of the event approximated to the truth.
他對事件的描述接近事實(shí)。
2.resistance to： 對… 的阻力，抵制
There will be fierce resistance to these proposals.
這些提議將會遭到激烈的抵制。
She has little resistance to germs and so is often ill.
她對病菌缺乏抵抗力，因而經(jīng)常生病。
II.重點(diǎn)句子講解
Aging in European Countries
We have to realize how old， how very old， we are. Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above， （1）and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this .of the really ancient societies， with over 13 per cent above 65， all are in Northwestern Europe.（2）At the beginning of the I980‘s East Germany had 15.6 per cent， Austria， Sweden， West Germany and France had 13.4 per cent or above， and England and Wales 13.3 per cent. Scotland had 12.3 per cent. Northern Ireland 10.8 per cent and the United States 9.9 per cent. We know that we are getting even older， and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is likely to be - at least， for any future that concerns us now.（3）
（1）Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above.
當(dāng)一個國家有7% 或更多的人到65歲以上時，這個國家就被列為老齡化國家之列。
本句中are classified as 是一個動詞短語，意為“把…分類為”as 作主語補(bǔ)足語；
句中when 引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。above 在此句中的意思是“以上”。
（2）該句的正常語序?yàn)锳ll of the really ancient societies， with over 13 percent above 65， are in Northwestern Europe.由于主語中心詞all與謂語動詞are 間隔太長，因此倒裝以顯得緊湊。with over 13 per cent above 65 ，“有13%以上的人超過65歲”
（3）主句we know 后邊有兩個由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
在第二個賓語從句中用了“越…就越”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added， some of them only recently recognized.（4）There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths（5）There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio - the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can - is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world， because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.（6）There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.
派生詞：length n. 長度， 長
I‘ll have to lengthen this skirt. 我得把這條裙子放長。
There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years.
有計劃要將這個三年制課程延長為四年。
7.neglect：v./n. 忽視，忽略
He neglected his studies， so he failed to pass the exam.
他忽視了學(xué)業(yè)，因此沒能通過考試。
Don‘t neglect to lock the door when your leave. 離開時別忘了鎖門。
He always neglects his own health. 他總是不注意自己的健康。
近義詞：ignore v. 忽視，不顧（主要指故意忽視，不管）；
例：I said hello to her， but she ignored me completely.
我向她打招呼，她竟不理睬我。
I can‘t ignore his rudeness any longer. 我不能再無視他的粗魯了。
8.expectation： n. 期待，預(yù)料
派生詞：expect v. 期待，期望
The size of the loss was beyond all of our expectations.
損失的數(shù)目超出了我們所有人的預(yù)料。
There are widespread expectations that the UK will cut its interest rate.
人們普遍預(yù)測英國會降低利率。
詞組：phrases
1.to approximate to： 大體是，近于，近似，與…接近
Your latest design approximates much more closely to what I understand the building to be like.
你的新設(shè)計與我所想的那房子的模樣接近得多了。
His description of the event approximated to the truth.
他對事件的描述接近事實(shí)。
2.resistance to： 對… 的阻力，抵制
There will be fierce resistance to these proposals.
這些提議將會遭到激烈的抵制。
She has little resistance to germs and so is often ill.
她對病菌缺乏抵抗力，因而經(jīng)常生病。
II.重點(diǎn)句子講解
Aging in European Countries
We have to realize how old， how very old， we are. Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above， （1）and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this .of the really ancient societies， with over 13 per cent above 65， all are in Northwestern Europe.（2）At the beginning of the I980‘s East Germany had 15.6 per cent， Austria， Sweden， West Germany and France had 13.4 per cent or above， and England and Wales 13.3 per cent. Scotland had 12.3 per cent. Northern Ireland 10.8 per cent and the United States 9.9 per cent. We know that we are getting even older， and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is likely to be - at least， for any future that concerns us now.（3）
（1）Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above.
當(dāng)一個國家有7% 或更多的人到65歲以上時，這個國家就被列為老齡化國家之列。
本句中are classified as 是一個動詞短語，意為“把…分類為”as 作主語補(bǔ)足語；
句中when 引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。above 在此句中的意思是“以上”。
（2）該句的正常語序?yàn)锳ll of the really ancient societies， with over 13 percent above 65， are in Northwestern Europe.由于主語中心詞all與謂語動詞are 間隔太長，因此倒裝以顯得緊湊。with over 13 per cent above 65 ，“有13%以上的人超過65歲”
（3）主句we know 后邊有兩個由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
在第二個賓語從句中用了“越…就越”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added， some of them only recently recognized.（4）There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths（5）There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio - the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can - is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world， because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.（6）There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.