（4）本句用了倒裝語序，正常語序?yàn)锳 number of further facts may be added to these now familiar facts， some of them only recently recognized.這里使用倒裝語序是為了與上文連貫。some of them only recently recognized 是過去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語。
（5）該句中that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾paradox，
有這樣一個(gè)似非而是的論點(diǎn)：造成老年人比率高的真正原因是出生人數(shù)而不是死亡人數(shù)。
（6）本句是一句含有多個(gè)從句的長句，該句中that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾 principle ，同位語從句的主語是There is the economic principle ，謂語是 is more advantageous ，破折號(hào)之間的部分是對(duì)于the dependency ratio 的解釋。在這個(gè)破折號(hào)中的成分中含有3個(gè)從句，to which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句修飾前面的名詞degree， 后面的兩個(gè)who 引導(dǎo)的從句分別修飾前面的代詞those . 句中同位語從句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為“the dependency ration… is more advantageous in …。 than in…?！?.句末的because 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句，修飾前面的主句。
句意為：有這樣一條經(jīng)濟(jì)原則：撫養(yǎng)率——即不能賺錢養(yǎng)活自己的人對(duì)能掙錢養(yǎng)家的人的依賴程度——在我們這樣老齡化社會(huì)里比發(fā)展中世界的較年輕社會(huì)里要更有利，因?yàn)榇罅啃枰獡狃B(yǎng)的孩子與大批不能工作的老年人相比，更是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。
If “revolution” is a rapid resettlement of the social structure， and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure， then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50.（7）Taken together， these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.（8）These facts and circumstances were well to the fore earlier this year at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy， held at Vichy in France.（9）
（7）句，該句是由兩個(gè)有if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句加上一個(gè)主句。
（8）句中taken together 是一個(gè)過去分詞短語作狀語；which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾前面的名詞implications.
（9）句中about aging as a challenge to science and to policy，和 held at Vichy in France.都是
a world gathering （世界大會(huì)）的后置定語，前者說明會(huì)議的主題（老齡化對(duì)科學(xué)與政策的挑戰(zhàn)），后者說明會(huì)議的舉辦地點(diǎn)（法國維希）。
There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere， rather than because of any change in the death rate， that we have grown so old.（10）But this is what elementary demography makes clear. Long life is altering our society， of course， but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere， and this will continue.（11）But too much of that lengthened experience， even in the wealthy West， will be experience of poverty and neglect， unless we do something about it.
（10）句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 “ There is often resistance to the idea…。” 其中idea有一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，而同位語從句本身又是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即it is …。that … 結(jié)構(gòu)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。注意此句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分較長。
（11）句中among us 作謂語動(dòng)詞have 的狀語，正常的語序?yàn)閃e have a very much greater
experience of continued living among us than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere，
and this will continue. 由于賓語過長，所以將狀語among us 提前。
譯文為： 我們比以前任何一個(gè)社會(huì)更經(jīng)歷著長壽，這種情況還將繼續(xù)下去。
If you are now in your thirties， you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now，of course， the greater this proportion will be， and greater still if you are a woman. Expectation of life is a slippery figure， very easy to get wrong at the highest ages. At Vichy the demographers were telling each other that their estimates of how many old there would be and how long they will live in countries like England and Wales are due for revision upwards.（12）
（12）At Vichy 作地點(diǎn)狀語；從that 到句子結(jié)束是一個(gè)賓語從句，作謂語動(dòng)詞tell的賓語；在賓語從句中還含有兩句how 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， “ how many old there would be” 和 “ how long they will live in countries like England and Wales”分別作介詞of 的賓語。
due ：應(yīng)付的
dur for： Our salary scales are due for revision.
People are now very happy on April 15， when the federal taxes are due.
Text B Children‘s Self-esteem
I.New Words
title： esteem＝respect 自尊心，尊敬
1.esteem vt./n. 尊敬，尊重
2.cope vi. 對(duì)付，妥善處理（with）
3.parenting n. 父母對(duì)孩子的養(yǎng)育
4.tone n. 1.音調(diào)，音色；2.腔調(diào)，語氣；3.[語]聲調(diào)，語調(diào)
5.infant n. 嬰兒，幼兒；a.嬰兒的，幼兒的
6.lovable a. 可愛的，討人喜歡的
7.manageable a. 易管理的
8.unlovable a. 不可愛的；不討人喜愛的
9.worthless a. 1.無價(jià)值的，無用的；2.不足道的，不可取的
（5）該句中that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾paradox，
有這樣一個(gè)似非而是的論點(diǎn)：造成老年人比率高的真正原因是出生人數(shù)而不是死亡人數(shù)。
（6）本句是一句含有多個(gè)從句的長句，該句中that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾 principle ，同位語從句的主語是There is the economic principle ，謂語是 is more advantageous ，破折號(hào)之間的部分是對(duì)于the dependency ratio 的解釋。在這個(gè)破折號(hào)中的成分中含有3個(gè)從句，to which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句修飾前面的名詞degree， 后面的兩個(gè)who 引導(dǎo)的從句分別修飾前面的代詞those . 句中同位語從句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為“the dependency ration… is more advantageous in …。 than in…?！?.句末的because 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句，修飾前面的主句。
句意為：有這樣一條經(jīng)濟(jì)原則：撫養(yǎng)率——即不能賺錢養(yǎng)活自己的人對(duì)能掙錢養(yǎng)家的人的依賴程度——在我們這樣老齡化社會(huì)里比發(fā)展中世界的較年輕社會(huì)里要更有利，因?yàn)榇罅啃枰獡狃B(yǎng)的孩子與大批不能工作的老年人相比，更是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。
If “revolution” is a rapid resettlement of the social structure， and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure， then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50.（7）Taken together， these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.（8）These facts and circumstances were well to the fore earlier this year at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy， held at Vichy in France.（9）
（7）句，該句是由兩個(gè)有if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句加上一個(gè)主句。
（8）句中taken together 是一個(gè)過去分詞短語作狀語；which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾前面的名詞implications.
（9）句中about aging as a challenge to science and to policy，和 held at Vichy in France.都是
a world gathering （世界大會(huì)）的后置定語，前者說明會(huì)議的主題（老齡化對(duì)科學(xué)與政策的挑戰(zhàn)），后者說明會(huì)議的舉辦地點(diǎn)（法國維希）。
There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere， rather than because of any change in the death rate， that we have grown so old.（10）But this is what elementary demography makes clear. Long life is altering our society， of course， but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere， and this will continue.（11）But too much of that lengthened experience， even in the wealthy West， will be experience of poverty and neglect， unless we do something about it.
（10）句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是 “ There is often resistance to the idea…。” 其中idea有一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，而同位語從句本身又是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即it is …。that … 結(jié)構(gòu)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。注意此句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分較長。
（11）句中among us 作謂語動(dòng)詞have 的狀語，正常的語序?yàn)閃e have a very much greater
experience of continued living among us than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere，
and this will continue. 由于賓語過長，所以將狀語among us 提前。
譯文為： 我們比以前任何一個(gè)社會(huì)更經(jīng)歷著長壽，這種情況還將繼續(xù)下去。
If you are now in your thirties， you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now，of course， the greater this proportion will be， and greater still if you are a woman. Expectation of life is a slippery figure， very easy to get wrong at the highest ages. At Vichy the demographers were telling each other that their estimates of how many old there would be and how long they will live in countries like England and Wales are due for revision upwards.（12）
（12）At Vichy 作地點(diǎn)狀語；從that 到句子結(jié)束是一個(gè)賓語從句，作謂語動(dòng)詞tell的賓語；在賓語從句中還含有兩句how 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， “ how many old there would be” 和 “ how long they will live in countries like England and Wales”分別作介詞of 的賓語。
due ：應(yīng)付的
dur for： Our salary scales are due for revision.
People are now very happy on April 15， when the federal taxes are due.
Text B Children‘s Self-esteem
I.New Words
title： esteem＝respect 自尊心，尊敬
1.esteem vt./n. 尊敬，尊重
2.cope vi. 對(duì)付，妥善處理（with）
3.parenting n. 父母對(duì)孩子的養(yǎng)育
4.tone n. 1.音調(diào)，音色；2.腔調(diào)，語氣；3.[語]聲調(diào)，語調(diào)
5.infant n. 嬰兒，幼兒；a.嬰兒的，幼兒的
6.lovable a. 可愛的，討人喜歡的
7.manageable a. 易管理的
8.unlovable a. 不可愛的；不討人喜愛的
9.worthless a. 1.無價(jià)值的，無用的；2.不足道的，不可取的