自考“英語(二)”完整講義(49)

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4.It isn‘t easy to be inspired in that spontaneous way for long period at a stretch.
    連續(xù)很長時間使自己的靈感都處于不自主狀態(tài)絕非易事。
    at a stretch 一口氣地,不休息地
    Beethoven belongs to the second type-the constructive type, one might call it. This type serves as an example of my theory of the creative process in music better than any other, because in this case the composer really does begin with a musical theme. In Beethoven‘s case there is no doubt about it, for we have the notebooks in which he put the themes down. We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes -how he would not let them be until they were as perfect as he could make them. Beethoven was not a spontaneously inspired composer in the Schubert sense at all. He was the type that begins with a theme; makes it a preliminary idea; and upon that composes a musical work, day after day, in painstaking fashion. Most composers since Beethoven’s day belong to this second type.
    5.belong to 屬于,列入,是 … 的一員
    Beethoven belongs to the second type-the constructive type. 貝多芬屬于第二類作曲家
    Most composers since Beethoven‘s day belong to this second type.
    自Beethoven時代以來,大多數(shù)作曲家屬于這第二種類型。(創(chuàng)造型)
    That dictionary belongs to me .那本詞典是我的。
    The third type of composer I can only call, for lack of a better name, the traditionalist type. Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category. They both are characteristic of the kind of composer who is born in a particular period of musical history, when a certain musical style is abut to reach its fullest development. It is a question at such a time of creating music in a well-known and accepted style and doing it in a way that is better than anyone has done it before you.
    6.belong in 屬于 … (一類), 歸入 …(范疇、環(huán)境、類別等)
    Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category.
    像 Palestrina 和 Bach 這樣的人屬于此類范疇(傳統(tǒng)型)
    Big dogs should belong in the country , not the city. 大型犬(養(yǎng))在農(nóng)村而不是城市。
    The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern. And even Bach, who composed forty-eight of the most various and inspired themes in his Well Tempered Clavichord, knew in advance the general formal mold that they were to fill. It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditionalist period nowadays.
    7.The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme.
    傳統(tǒng)主義類型的作曲家的創(chuàng)作開始于模式而不是主題
    8.It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditionalist period nowadays.
    不用說,我們現(xiàn)在已不是生活在傳統(tǒng)主義的時期……
    One might add, for the sake of completeness, a fourth type of composer -the pioneer type: men like Gesualdo in the seventeenth century, Moussorgsky and Berlioz in the nineteenth, Debussy and Edgar Varese in the twentieth. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group. One can safely say that their approach to composition is the opposite of the traditionalist type. They clearly oppose conventional solutions of musical problems. In many ways, their attitude is experimental - they seek to add new harmonies, new sonorities, new formal principles. The pioneer type was the characteristic one at the turn of the seventeenth century and also at the beginning of the twentieth century, but it is much less evident today.
    9.One might add, for the sake of completeness, a fourth type of composer -the pioneer type:
    為了全面起見,還可以加上第四種類型——先鋒型
    for the sake of 為了 … 起見,由于 … 緣故
    10.One can safely say that their approach to composition is the opposite of the traditionalist type.
    可以有把握的說,他們創(chuàng)作的方法與傳統(tǒng)主義者類型相反。
    approach to 通往 … 的方法, approach v. n. 處理,探討,方法,態(tài)度
    語 法 語 序
    一、語 序
    主語用S表示,謂語用V表示;如果謂語動詞為不及物動詞,則用vi表示;
    如果謂語為系動詞(link),則后面跟表語,用C表示;如果謂語動詞為及物動詞,
    則用vt表示,后面要跟賓語,用O表示。
    (一)主語和謂語的位置 P.126
    1.自然語序 主語+ 謂語 + 賓語或表語或狀語
    2.倒裝語序(部分倒裝、全部倒裝)
    There are some books on the table.
    Do you have a book?
    Have you ever seen the film?