5.point of view 視點(diǎn)，視角
The book looks at college life from a student's point of view.
這本書從一個(gè)學(xué)生的視角來看大學(xué)生活。
6.to vary from …to … 從…到…不同，因… 而異
Salary scales vary from state to state.
工資級別因州而異。
7.contribute … to 把… 貢獻(xiàn)給…。
We'll contribute ourselves to this career after we graduate . 我們畢業(yè)后將為此事業(yè)作貢獻(xiàn)。
contribute to 導(dǎo)致
Smoking is the main factor contributing to lung cancer. 吸煙是導(dǎo)致肺癌的主要因素。
8.be beneficial to 對… 有利
Jogging is beneficial to our health. 慢跑有利于我們的健康。
Reciting passages is beneficial to improving oral English.
朗讀（背誦）短文段落對提高英語口語有利。
III.課文精講
第一部分
Para.1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
1.made from among alternative courses of action 是過去分詞短語作定語
courses of action 行動(dòng)方針
that are available 是定語從句，修飾概念短語“行動(dòng)方針”
2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
此句是由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，表語從句由a problem exist； goals of objectives are wrong；
及something is standing in the way of accomplishing them三個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成。
The reason for … is that 是一個(gè)常用的句子。例： The reason for canceling the travel is that
they lack of money. 取消旅行的原因是他們手頭缺錢。
The reason why … 是另外一個(gè)常用的句子。例：There are 3 reasons why they are unwilling to discuss insurance .他們不愿意談?wù)摫ｋU(xiǎn)的原因有三個(gè)。
Para.2
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions， indeed， some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future， many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight； at other times they are serious.
3.a manager does是省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything
當(dāng)先行詞為everything， something， anything， nothing等不定代詞時(shí)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞不可用which， 此句的后半部分 some suggest that …… 是賓語從句suggest v. 認(rèn)為，提出，建議（其后的賓語從句多用于虛擬語氣）
4.although conj.“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
例如：Although my car is very old，it still runs very well .
雖然我的汽車很舊，但是仍然跑得很好。
require vt. 要求，需要 后邊由that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句
5.Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions.
make a best guess at 作出佳猜測，at 表示動(dòng)作或行為的方向和目標(biāo)，如：look at （看） ，aim at （瞄準(zhǔn)，目的是），throw （a stone） at （向…擲石頭），shoot at （射擊），laugh at （嘲笑）
本句中what the future will be 是一個(gè)介詞賓語從句，（作介詞at 的賓語）；
to leave sth. to chance “憑運(yùn)氣，聽任命運(yùn)的安排，聽其自然發(fā)展”
“as + 形容詞（或副詞）+ as possible”意思是“盡可能地…； 盡量”。
as little as possible 盡可能少
I tried to be as friendly as possible. 我盡量地表示友好。
Come as quickly as possible. 盡快來。
since uncertainty is always there 是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。
risk accompanies decisions .風(fēng)險(xiǎn)伴隨著決策
The book looks at college life from a student's point of view.
這本書從一個(gè)學(xué)生的視角來看大學(xué)生活。
6.to vary from …to … 從…到…不同，因… 而異
Salary scales vary from state to state.
工資級別因州而異。
7.contribute … to 把… 貢獻(xiàn)給…。
We'll contribute ourselves to this career after we graduate . 我們畢業(yè)后將為此事業(yè)作貢獻(xiàn)。
contribute to 導(dǎo)致
Smoking is the main factor contributing to lung cancer. 吸煙是導(dǎo)致肺癌的主要因素。
8.be beneficial to 對… 有利
Jogging is beneficial to our health. 慢跑有利于我們的健康。
Reciting passages is beneficial to improving oral English.
朗讀（背誦）短文段落對提高英語口語有利。
III.課文精講
第一部分
Para.1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
1.made from among alternative courses of action 是過去分詞短語作定語
courses of action 行動(dòng)方針
that are available 是定語從句，修飾概念短語“行動(dòng)方針”
2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
此句是由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，表語從句由a problem exist； goals of objectives are wrong；
及something is standing in the way of accomplishing them三個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成。
The reason for … is that 是一個(gè)常用的句子。例： The reason for canceling the travel is that
they lack of money. 取消旅行的原因是他們手頭缺錢。
The reason why … 是另外一個(gè)常用的句子。例：There are 3 reasons why they are unwilling to discuss insurance .他們不愿意談?wù)摫ｋU(xiǎn)的原因有三個(gè)。
Para.2
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions， indeed， some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future， many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight； at other times they are serious.
3.a manager does是省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything
當(dāng)先行詞為everything， something， anything， nothing等不定代詞時(shí)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞不可用which， 此句的后半部分 some suggest that …… 是賓語從句suggest v. 認(rèn)為，提出，建議（其后的賓語從句多用于虛擬語氣）
4.although conj.“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
例如：Although my car is very old，it still runs very well .
雖然我的汽車很舊，但是仍然跑得很好。
require vt. 要求，需要 后邊由that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句
5.Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk accompanies decisions.
make a best guess at 作出佳猜測，at 表示動(dòng)作或行為的方向和目標(biāo)，如：look at （看） ，aim at （瞄準(zhǔn)，目的是），throw （a stone） at （向…擲石頭），shoot at （射擊），laugh at （嘲笑）
本句中what the future will be 是一個(gè)介詞賓語從句，（作介詞at 的賓語）；
to leave sth. to chance “憑運(yùn)氣，聽任命運(yùn)的安排，聽其自然發(fā)展”
“as + 形容詞（或副詞）+ as possible”意思是“盡可能地…； 盡量”。
as little as possible 盡可能少
I tried to be as friendly as possible. 我盡量地表示友好。
Come as quickly as possible. 盡快來。
since uncertainty is always there 是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。
risk accompanies decisions .風(fēng)險(xiǎn)伴隨著決策