15.To take just one example，the Chrysler Corporation，third largest of the U.S.motor manufacturers，disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.僅以美國(guó)第三汽車制造商克萊斯勒公司為例，該公司透露說(shuō)從1971至1976年他們就支付了超過(guò)250萬(wàn)美元的不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)。
1）to take just one example：不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中是獨(dú)立成分，又如：To tell the truth，I don't like the idea.說(shuō)老實(shí)話，我覺(jué)得這怎么樣。
To be frank，I was thirsty like everyone else.坦白說(shuō)，我和其他人一樣渴。
2）disclose 透露，揭露
He wrote a letter to the Public Security Organ to disclose the mayor's scandal of taking bribes.他寫了一封信給公安部門來(lái)揭露這個(gè)市長(zhǎng)的受賄丑聞。
16.By making this revelation，it joined more than 300 U.S.companies that had admitted to the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another—bribes，facilitating payments，extra discounts，etc.—in recent years.透露了這一秘密之后，該公司也加入了向美國(guó)證券交易署承認(rèn)近年來(lái)曾經(jīng)支付過(guò)各種不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)—行賄、疏通費(fèi)以及附加折扣等—的三百多家公司的行列。
1）by……，sb./sth.join……：通過(guò)做……，加入了……的隊(duì)伍。
2）the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission：美國(guó)證券交易署。
3）……of one kind or another：不同類的……，不是這種就是那種的……。
4）facilitating payments：為了事順利而支付的款項(xiàng)。
5）extra discounts：超額折扣。
17.For discussion purposes，we can divide these payments into three broad categories.為了討論便利起見，我們把這種款項(xiàng)分為三大類。
divide……into：把（人、事或物）分為……。
又如：In oral classes，we divide the class into two groups.
上口語(yǔ)課時(shí)，我們把全班學(xué)生分成兩組。
According to their political attitude，the faculty can be divided into three categories：the radical，the conservative，and the middle-of-the-roader.
按其政治態(tài)度，教職人員可分為三類：激進(jìn)派、保守派和中間派。
18.The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts.—（The first type of bribery involves large amounts of money paid for political reasons，i.e.，to a candidate who is running for political office or for obtaining major contracts.）為了政治目的，或是為了獲得重大項(xiàng)目合同而付的巨款屬第一類。
1）consist of：由……組成。
又如：Their diet chiefly consists of rice and vegetables.
他們?nèi)粘５闹饕澄锸谴竺缀褪卟恕?BR> The delegation consists of students from all corners of the country.
代表團(tuán)由業(yè)自全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生組成。
2）made for……major contracts 是分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)修飾substantial payments，介詞短語(yǔ)for political purposes和不定式短語(yǔ)to secure major contracts都是目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾made.
19.For example，the U.S.conglomerate ITT（International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation）offered a large sum of money in support of a U.S.presidential candidate at a time when it was under investigation for possible violation of the U.S.anti-trust law.—（The U.S.conglomerate ITT，for example，once gave a U.S.presidential candidate a lot of money when it was in danger of being prosecuted for breaking the U.S.anti-trust law.）例如，在調(diào)查美國(guó)ITT（國(guó)際電話電報(bào)公司）是否違反美國(guó)反托拉斯法案之際，該集團(tuán)為支持一位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)候選人提供了大量資金。
1）conglomerate：a large corporation formed by different firms/companies joining together集團(tuán)
2）in support of sb./sth.：supporting/in favour of sb./sth.支持，贊成。
又如：He voted in support of an anti-dumping bill.
他對(duì)一項(xiàng)反傾銷法案投了贊成票。
She spoke in support of anti-smuggling measures.
她發(fā)言支持反走私措施。
3）at a time when：正當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻。
又如：She returned at a time when she thought she could best serve her country.
她在她認(rèn)為能好為自己國(guó)家服務(wù)之際回來(lái)了。
How can we call ourselves his friends if we stand by at a time when he desperately needs help？
在他急需幫助之際，我們卻袖手旁觀，這夠朋友嗎？
4）under investigation：being investigated在調(diào)查之中，正受到調(diào)查。此處under表示“處于某種狀況”，常見的短語(yǔ)有buildings under repair/construction（建筑物）正在修復(fù)或施工之中（matters）under consideration/discussion（事情或事件）正在考慮或討論之中
The case is still under investigation.案件仍在調(diào)查之中。
5）anti-trust law：an American law intended to prevent companies form monopolizing certain products and unfairly controlling prices反托拉斯法
20.Was ready to finance efforts to overthrow the Marxist government of Chile whose President was Salvadore Allende.愿意資助*以薩爾瓦多？阿連德為總統(tǒng)的智利馬克思主義政府的種種嘗試。
1）ready to do sth.：willing and eager to do sth.愿意并很迫切做……。
又如：They're always ready to lend a helping hand.
他們一貫樂(lè)于助人。
Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.
勞拉愛他，他都樂(lè)于吻她的鞋帶。
2）Salvadore Allende：薩爾瓦多·阿連德（1908-1973），智利社會(huì)黨創(chuàng)建人和領(lǐng)袖，1970-1973年任智利總統(tǒng)，1973年9月在軍事政變中殉職。他執(zhí)政期間做了不少有利于人民的事情。西方反動(dòng)勢(shì)力慣于把推行諸如土地改革、注重人民衛(wèi)生健康等政策的左派政府稱為馬克思主義政府。此處不定式to overthrow……Salvadore Allende作定語(yǔ)，修飾efforts.
21.In this category，we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms or major petrochemical and construction contracts.——（One type/form of bribery in the second category includes large payments made to important and influential people such as ruling families or their close advisers in order to get contracts involving large amounts of money.）
ruling family：the family that has control over a country，e.g.，a king in a kingdom，Sheik in some Arab countries統(tǒng)治/執(zhí)政家族
22.In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran，a witness claimed that ￡1 million had been paid by a British company to a“go-between”who helped clinch a deal for supply of tanks to that country.—（In a court case，a witness said that in selling weapons to Iran，a British company paid ￡1 million to someone who helped it make the sale of tanks to that country.）在涉及與伊朗進(jìn)行武器交易的案件中，一位證人聲稱一家英國(guó)公司向助其達(dá)成供應(yīng)伊朗坦克的買賣的“中間人”支付了100萬(wàn)英鎊。
1）to make/conclude/finalize a deal with sb.與某人做成一筆交易 此處分詞短語(yǔ)involving an arms deal with Iran作定語(yǔ)，修飾a court case.
2）claim that：（未經(jīng)證實(shí)或證明）聲稱，斷言，又如：Some scientist claims that he has found an effective cure for AIDS.某位科學(xué)家聲稱他已經(jīng)找到了治療艾滋病的有效辦法。
3）這里“go-between”一詞用了引號(hào)表示并不是真正的中間人，而是統(tǒng)治該國(guó)的家庭的成員或是他們的高參（即本段開始提到的ruling families or their close advisers）。
4）clinch a deal：to conclude a deal successfully：（口語(yǔ)）達(dá)成交易。deal：an agreement，esp.in business，on certain terms for buying or doing交易
1）to take just one example：不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中是獨(dú)立成分，又如：To tell the truth，I don't like the idea.說(shuō)老實(shí)話，我覺(jué)得這怎么樣。
To be frank，I was thirsty like everyone else.坦白說(shuō)，我和其他人一樣渴。
2）disclose 透露，揭露
He wrote a letter to the Public Security Organ to disclose the mayor's scandal of taking bribes.他寫了一封信給公安部門來(lái)揭露這個(gè)市長(zhǎng)的受賄丑聞。
16.By making this revelation，it joined more than 300 U.S.companies that had admitted to the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another—bribes，facilitating payments，extra discounts，etc.—in recent years.透露了這一秘密之后，該公司也加入了向美國(guó)證券交易署承認(rèn)近年來(lái)曾經(jīng)支付過(guò)各種不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)—行賄、疏通費(fèi)以及附加折扣等—的三百多家公司的行列。
1）by……，sb./sth.join……：通過(guò)做……，加入了……的隊(duì)伍。
2）the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission：美國(guó)證券交易署。
3）……of one kind or another：不同類的……，不是這種就是那種的……。
4）facilitating payments：為了事順利而支付的款項(xiàng)。
5）extra discounts：超額折扣。
17.For discussion purposes，we can divide these payments into three broad categories.為了討論便利起見，我們把這種款項(xiàng)分為三大類。
divide……into：把（人、事或物）分為……。
又如：In oral classes，we divide the class into two groups.
上口語(yǔ)課時(shí)，我們把全班學(xué)生分成兩組。
According to their political attitude，the faculty can be divided into three categories：the radical，the conservative，and the middle-of-the-roader.
按其政治態(tài)度，教職人員可分為三類：激進(jìn)派、保守派和中間派。
18.The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts.—（The first type of bribery involves large amounts of money paid for political reasons，i.e.，to a candidate who is running for political office or for obtaining major contracts.）為了政治目的，或是為了獲得重大項(xiàng)目合同而付的巨款屬第一類。
1）consist of：由……組成。
又如：Their diet chiefly consists of rice and vegetables.
他們?nèi)粘５闹饕澄锸谴竺缀褪卟恕?BR> The delegation consists of students from all corners of the country.
代表團(tuán)由業(yè)自全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生組成。
2）made for……major contracts 是分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)修飾substantial payments，介詞短語(yǔ)for political purposes和不定式短語(yǔ)to secure major contracts都是目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾made.
19.For example，the U.S.conglomerate ITT（International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation）offered a large sum of money in support of a U.S.presidential candidate at a time when it was under investigation for possible violation of the U.S.anti-trust law.—（The U.S.conglomerate ITT，for example，once gave a U.S.presidential candidate a lot of money when it was in danger of being prosecuted for breaking the U.S.anti-trust law.）例如，在調(diào)查美國(guó)ITT（國(guó)際電話電報(bào)公司）是否違反美國(guó)反托拉斯法案之際，該集團(tuán)為支持一位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)候選人提供了大量資金。
1）conglomerate：a large corporation formed by different firms/companies joining together集團(tuán)
2）in support of sb./sth.：supporting/in favour of sb./sth.支持，贊成。
又如：He voted in support of an anti-dumping bill.
他對(duì)一項(xiàng)反傾銷法案投了贊成票。
She spoke in support of anti-smuggling measures.
她發(fā)言支持反走私措施。
3）at a time when：正當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻。
又如：She returned at a time when she thought she could best serve her country.
她在她認(rèn)為能好為自己國(guó)家服務(wù)之際回來(lái)了。
How can we call ourselves his friends if we stand by at a time when he desperately needs help？
在他急需幫助之際，我們卻袖手旁觀，這夠朋友嗎？
4）under investigation：being investigated在調(diào)查之中，正受到調(diào)查。此處under表示“處于某種狀況”，常見的短語(yǔ)有buildings under repair/construction（建筑物）正在修復(fù)或施工之中（matters）under consideration/discussion（事情或事件）正在考慮或討論之中
The case is still under investigation.案件仍在調(diào)查之中。
5）anti-trust law：an American law intended to prevent companies form monopolizing certain products and unfairly controlling prices反托拉斯法
20.Was ready to finance efforts to overthrow the Marxist government of Chile whose President was Salvadore Allende.愿意資助*以薩爾瓦多？阿連德為總統(tǒng)的智利馬克思主義政府的種種嘗試。
1）ready to do sth.：willing and eager to do sth.愿意并很迫切做……。
又如：They're always ready to lend a helping hand.
他們一貫樂(lè)于助人。
Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.
勞拉愛他，他都樂(lè)于吻她的鞋帶。
2）Salvadore Allende：薩爾瓦多·阿連德（1908-1973），智利社會(huì)黨創(chuàng)建人和領(lǐng)袖，1970-1973年任智利總統(tǒng)，1973年9月在軍事政變中殉職。他執(zhí)政期間做了不少有利于人民的事情。西方反動(dòng)勢(shì)力慣于把推行諸如土地改革、注重人民衛(wèi)生健康等政策的左派政府稱為馬克思主義政府。此處不定式to overthrow……Salvadore Allende作定語(yǔ)，修飾efforts.
21.In this category，we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms or major petrochemical and construction contracts.——（One type/form of bribery in the second category includes large payments made to important and influential people such as ruling families or their close advisers in order to get contracts involving large amounts of money.）
ruling family：the family that has control over a country，e.g.，a king in a kingdom，Sheik in some Arab countries統(tǒng)治/執(zhí)政家族
22.In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran，a witness claimed that ￡1 million had been paid by a British company to a“go-between”who helped clinch a deal for supply of tanks to that country.—（In a court case，a witness said that in selling weapons to Iran，a British company paid ￡1 million to someone who helped it make the sale of tanks to that country.）在涉及與伊朗進(jìn)行武器交易的案件中，一位證人聲稱一家英國(guó)公司向助其達(dá)成供應(yīng)伊朗坦克的買賣的“中間人”支付了100萬(wàn)英鎊。
1）to make/conclude/finalize a deal with sb.與某人做成一筆交易 此處分詞短語(yǔ)involving an arms deal with Iran作定語(yǔ)，修飾a court case.
2）claim that：（未經(jīng)證實(shí)或證明）聲稱，斷言，又如：Some scientist claims that he has found an effective cure for AIDS.某位科學(xué)家聲稱他已經(jīng)找到了治療艾滋病的有效辦法。
3）這里“go-between”一詞用了引號(hào)表示并不是真正的中間人，而是統(tǒng)治該國(guó)的家庭的成員或是他們的高參（即本段開始提到的ruling families or their close advisers）。
4）clinch a deal：to conclude a deal successfully：（口語(yǔ)）達(dá)成交易。deal：an agreement，esp.in business，on certain terms for buying or doing交易