六、Colons (:) 冒號(hào)
冒號(hào)在中文或英文里都是一個(gè)相當(dāng)常見的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，在用法上也大致一樣。
注意：
* 冒號(hào)前不可有空格
* 冒號(hào)后可加一空格
* 冒號(hào)后千萬不要加- (如 :-)
---------------------------------------------------
大家先來看看下面的例子，你以為句子中的冒號(hào)用法對(duì)嗎？
For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and
a flashlight.
如果你的答案是對(duì)，那你就錯(cuò)了！這是一個(gè)常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤。正確的用法，看
下去就會(huì)明白了。這里且讓我們從最簡(jiǎn)單的用法開始吧。
------------------------------------------
6.1 冒號(hào)用在公函上收信人的稱呼
Dear Sir: (你看，冒號(hào)前沒有任何空格喔)
We were very honored to have you come visit our company.
============================================
6.2 冒號(hào)用于分開標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題(當(dāng)一標(biāo)題需要進(jìn)一步說明時(shí)所加上的副標(biāo)題)
1. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks
(標(biāo)題Math Applications和副標(biāo)題Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks之
間以冒號(hào)隔開)
2. I recommend Chinnery's book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak
Furniture是書名，the British Tradition是副標(biāo)題)
=============================================
6.3 冒號(hào)必須加在完整句子或獨(dú)立子句之后
最常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤就是將冒號(hào)放在完整句或獨(dú)立子句的中間。看看下面的例子
：
Every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.
其中Every repairman must have是不是有完整的意思呢？顯然意思并不完整。因此句
子中的冒號(hào)是多馀的。如果要用冒號(hào)的話，上面句子應(yīng)該寫成下面的樣子：
There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer,
and a saw.
看看冒號(hào)前There are three things every repairman must have，它是不是有完整的
意思呢？“每一位修理員必備三樣?xùn)|西”可見意思是完整的，雖然你還會(huì)問是哪三樣?xùn)|
西呢？因此冒號(hào)后面就列出那三樣?xùn)|西了。
現(xiàn)在我們知道在冒號(hào)前必須是的完整意思的句子或子句，跟冒號(hào)后的可不一定是個(gè)句子
或子句。它可能是一個(gè)列表，甚至可能只是一個(gè)單詞。因此前面舉的那個(gè)例子錯(cuò)在哪里
也就明白了吧。下面給出它的正誤句：
錯(cuò)誤句：For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food,
water, and a flashlight.
正確句：For our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern,
a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
--------------------------------------------
6.3.1 一些例子
1. Africa is facing a terrifying problem: perpetual drought(持續(xù)干旱). (冒號(hào)
后說明非洲所面對(duì)的困境)
2. The situation is clear: if you have unprotected sex with a stranger, you
risk AIDS. (說明你的處境是什么)
3. She was sure of one thing: she was not going to be a housewife. (說明她
肯定的是什么事)
4. We found the place easily: your directions were perfect. (說明為什么那么
容易找到那個(gè)地方)
5. Several friends have provided me with inspiration: Tim, Ian, and above
all, Larry. (說明是哪幾個(gè)朋友)
------------------------------------------------
6.3.2 反過來也行
1. Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Chomsky: all these have revolutionized
linguistics in one way or another.
================================================
6.4 冒號(hào)用于注明引用圣經(jīng)的章節(jié)
1. The story of Menahem is found in II Kings 15:1422.
================================================
6.5 冒號(hào)用于表示比例
1. Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4比
1,用文字說就是by more than four to one)
================================================
6.6 冒號(hào)用于表示時(shí)間(美國式)
1. 2:15 (兩點(diǎn)十五分) (英國式 2.15)
2. 11
30 (A) (上午十一點(diǎn)三十分) (英國式 11.30 am)
冒號(hào)在中文或英文里都是一個(gè)相當(dāng)常見的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，在用法上也大致一樣。
注意：
* 冒號(hào)前不可有空格
* 冒號(hào)后可加一空格
* 冒號(hào)后千萬不要加- (如 :-)
---------------------------------------------------
大家先來看看下面的例子，你以為句子中的冒號(hào)用法對(duì)嗎？
For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and
a flashlight.
如果你的答案是對(duì)，那你就錯(cuò)了！這是一個(gè)常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤。正確的用法，看
下去就會(huì)明白了。這里且讓我們從最簡(jiǎn)單的用法開始吧。
------------------------------------------
6.1 冒號(hào)用在公函上收信人的稱呼
Dear Sir: (你看，冒號(hào)前沒有任何空格喔)
We were very honored to have you come visit our company.
============================================
6.2 冒號(hào)用于分開標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題(當(dāng)一標(biāo)題需要進(jìn)一步說明時(shí)所加上的副標(biāo)題)
1. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks
(標(biāo)題Math Applications和副標(biāo)題Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks之
間以冒號(hào)隔開)
2. I recommend Chinnery's book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak
Furniture是書名，the British Tradition是副標(biāo)題)
=============================================
6.3 冒號(hào)必須加在完整句子或獨(dú)立子句之后
最常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤就是將冒號(hào)放在完整句或獨(dú)立子句的中間。看看下面的例子
：
Every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.
其中Every repairman must have是不是有完整的意思呢？顯然意思并不完整。因此句
子中的冒號(hào)是多馀的。如果要用冒號(hào)的話，上面句子應(yīng)該寫成下面的樣子：
There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer,
and a saw.
看看冒號(hào)前There are three things every repairman must have，它是不是有完整的
意思呢？“每一位修理員必備三樣?xùn)|西”可見意思是完整的，雖然你還會(huì)問是哪三樣?xùn)|
西呢？因此冒號(hào)后面就列出那三樣?xùn)|西了。
現(xiàn)在我們知道在冒號(hào)前必須是的完整意思的句子或子句，跟冒號(hào)后的可不一定是個(gè)句子
或子句。它可能是一個(gè)列表，甚至可能只是一個(gè)單詞。因此前面舉的那個(gè)例子錯(cuò)在哪里
也就明白了吧。下面給出它的正誤句：
錯(cuò)誤句：For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food,
water, and a flashlight.
正確句：For our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern,
a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
--------------------------------------------
6.3.1 一些例子
1. Africa is facing a terrifying problem: perpetual drought(持續(xù)干旱). (冒號(hào)
后說明非洲所面對(duì)的困境)
2. The situation is clear: if you have unprotected sex with a stranger, you
risk AIDS. (說明你的處境是什么)
3. She was sure of one thing: she was not going to be a housewife. (說明她
肯定的是什么事)
4. We found the place easily: your directions were perfect. (說明為什么那么
容易找到那個(gè)地方)
5. Several friends have provided me with inspiration: Tim, Ian, and above
all, Larry. (說明是哪幾個(gè)朋友)
------------------------------------------------
6.3.2 反過來也行
1. Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Chomsky: all these have revolutionized
linguistics in one way or another.
================================================
6.4 冒號(hào)用于注明引用圣經(jīng)的章節(jié)
1. The story of Menahem is found in II Kings 15:1422.
================================================
6.5 冒號(hào)用于表示比例
1. Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4比
1,用文字說就是by more than four to one)
================================================
6.6 冒號(hào)用于表示時(shí)間(美國式)
1. 2:15 (兩點(diǎn)十五分) (英國式 2.15)
2. 11
30 (A) (上午十一點(diǎn)三十分) (英國式 11.30 am)