9、如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all,most,rest,some,neither,none,no等詞,所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;反之用單數(shù)。如:
Some of the pigeons have been missing. 一些鴿子已經(jīng)不見了。
Some of the ice has melted so far. 迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。
All of the water in the area has been seriously polluted. 這地區(qū)所有的水都已受嚴(yán)重污染。
All of the books have been sold out. 所有的書都已被賣完了。
None of us have been there. 我們沒人去過那里。
None of the stolen money has been found yet. 被偷的錢至今一點(diǎn)也未找到。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的學(xué)生正在澆樹。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
B. 由連接詞連接的名詞作主語
1、用and或both…and連接并列主語,表示不同概念,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
You and he both stand up. 你和他都站了起來。
Water and air are both important. 水和空氣都很重要。
Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不待人。
但并列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語表示整體概念時,即指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。
英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有:
⑴相關(guān)名詞并列表示整體概念。如:
iron and steel 鋼鐵 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黃油面包
⑵配套事物。如:
a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 a needle and thread針線 a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐時要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming. 馬車來了。
⑶表示兼職或有多個稱呼的人。如:
the worker and poet 這位工人兼詩人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 這位教師兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。
⑷兩個完全重合的概念并列。如:
aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真誠
capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感
To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 愛與被愛是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。
2、當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:
Your father as well as you is very kind to me. 不僅你而且你的父親對我都非常好。
He,like you and Xiao Li,is very clever. 他象你和小李一樣非常聰明。
Mr Robbins,together with his wife and children,is leaving London for Paris. Robbins先生明天將和妻子和孩子離開倫敦去巴黎。
C. 代詞作主語
1、名詞性物主代詞作主語時,根據(jù)它所替代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)來確定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Theirs (their classroom) is a big classroom. 他們的教室是一個大教室。
Your trousers are black and mine are brown. 你的褲子是黑色的,我的是棕色的。
2、such,the same起指示代詞作用,應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來確定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Such is our plan. 這就是我們的計(jì)劃。Such are my hopes. 這些就是我的愿望。
3、關(guān)系代詞which,who,that在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其前的先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。如:
Those who want to go should sign your names here. 那些想去的人在這兒簽上你們的名字。
He is one of the students who are good at maths. 他是那些擅長數(shù)學(xué)的學(xué)生中的一位。
He is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others behind their backs. 他是這些孩子中經(jīng)常在背后講別人壞話的人。
4、疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時,謂語動詞可以根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Who lives next door? It's Xiao Liu.
Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu.
5、不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時,有以下兩種情況:
單獨(dú)作主語,視其在文中的意義,動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Now all has been changed. All are present at the meeting.
either,neither單獨(dú)作主語,謂語通常用單數(shù)。
但是后接of時,若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時,動詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動詞更為常用。如:
Do (Does) any of them know English? 他們中有人懂英語嗎?
None of them like (likes) football. 他們中沒人喜歡足球。
D. 分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語
1、“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of,a heap of,heaps of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如:
More than 70 percent of the surface of ouor planet is covered by water. 我們星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆蓋著。
One third of the students are girls in our group. 我們隊(duì)三分之一的學(xué)生是女生。
注意: a large quantity of 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),而(large) quantities of修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
A large quantity of people is needed here. 這兒需要大批人。
Large quantities of food have rotten away. 大量食物都已經(jīng)腐爛了。
短語in quantity,in large quanities意為“大量的”;in small quantities意為“少量的”。
2、a great deal of/ a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,但large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通過鐵路從鄉(xiāng)下運(yùn)往城市。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 許多前都花在這座橋的建設(shè)上了。
Some of the pigeons have been missing. 一些鴿子已經(jīng)不見了。
Some of the ice has melted so far. 迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。
All of the water in the area has been seriously polluted. 這地區(qū)所有的水都已受嚴(yán)重污染。
All of the books have been sold out. 所有的書都已被賣完了。
None of us have been there. 我們沒人去過那里。
None of the stolen money has been found yet. 被偷的錢至今一點(diǎn)也未找到。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的學(xué)生正在澆樹。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
B. 由連接詞連接的名詞作主語
1、用and或both…and連接并列主語,表示不同概念,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
You and he both stand up. 你和他都站了起來。
Water and air are both important. 水和空氣都很重要。
Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不待人。
但并列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語表示整體概念時,即指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。
英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有:
⑴相關(guān)名詞并列表示整體概念。如:
iron and steel 鋼鐵 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黃油面包
⑵配套事物。如:
a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 a needle and thread針線 a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐時要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming. 馬車來了。
⑶表示兼職或有多個稱呼的人。如:
the worker and poet 這位工人兼詩人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 這位教師兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。
⑷兩個完全重合的概念并列。如:
aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真誠
capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感
To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 愛與被愛是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。
2、當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:
Your father as well as you is very kind to me. 不僅你而且你的父親對我都非常好。
He,like you and Xiao Li,is very clever. 他象你和小李一樣非常聰明。
Mr Robbins,together with his wife and children,is leaving London for Paris. Robbins先生明天將和妻子和孩子離開倫敦去巴黎。
C. 代詞作主語
1、名詞性物主代詞作主語時,根據(jù)它所替代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)來確定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Theirs (their classroom) is a big classroom. 他們的教室是一個大教室。
Your trousers are black and mine are brown. 你的褲子是黑色的,我的是棕色的。
2、such,the same起指示代詞作用,應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來確定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Such is our plan. 這就是我們的計(jì)劃。Such are my hopes. 這些就是我的愿望。
3、關(guān)系代詞which,who,that在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其前的先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。如:
Those who want to go should sign your names here. 那些想去的人在這兒簽上你們的名字。
He is one of the students who are good at maths. 他是那些擅長數(shù)學(xué)的學(xué)生中的一位。
He is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others behind their backs. 他是這些孩子中經(jīng)常在背后講別人壞話的人。
4、疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時,謂語動詞可以根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Who lives next door? It's Xiao Liu.
Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu.
5、不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時,有以下兩種情況:
單獨(dú)作主語,視其在文中的意義,動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Now all has been changed. All are present at the meeting.
either,neither單獨(dú)作主語,謂語通常用單數(shù)。
但是后接of時,若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時,動詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動詞更為常用。如:
Do (Does) any of them know English? 他們中有人懂英語嗎?
None of them like (likes) football. 他們中沒人喜歡足球。
D. 分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語
1、“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of,a heap of,heaps of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如:
More than 70 percent of the surface of ouor planet is covered by water. 我們星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆蓋著。
One third of the students are girls in our group. 我們隊(duì)三分之一的學(xué)生是女生。
注意: a large quantity of 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),而(large) quantities of修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
A large quantity of people is needed here. 這兒需要大批人。
Large quantities of food have rotten away. 大量食物都已經(jīng)腐爛了。
短語in quantity,in large quanities意為“大量的”;in small quantities意為“少量的”。
2、a great deal of/ a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,但large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通過鐵路從鄉(xiāng)下運(yùn)往城市。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 許多前都花在這座橋的建設(shè)上了。