46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他們選他是作委員會主席。
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他們把墻壁漆的是綠色。
注：（1）當(dāng)強調(diào)的中心成分為主語，指人時可用連詞that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），強調(diào)其余的成分時，連詞一律用that.
（2）分裂句中的that與who在非正式文體中可以省略，如：
48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是總統(tǒng)親自和我談了話。（省去從句主語who）
49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是給那條狗水的。（省去從句的賓語that）
50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天開始注意到的。（省去從句連詞that）
有時還可省去句首的it is，如：
51）A good， honest trade you are learning， Sir Peter！ 彼得爵士，你學(xué)得是一種很好而誠實的一行?。?BR> （3）分裂句中的被強調(diào)部分有時可放在句首，如：
52）Now was it that his life was done， and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.
就在這時，他的生命完結(jié)了，他所逃不脫的命運降臨了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village？ 是何時他到達了這個村子？
54）Why was it that he was late for school？ 他是為什么上學(xué)遲到的？
1. 分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別： 比較：
55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 瑪麗本應(yīng)獲得第一名，真令人吃驚！（先行詞it）
56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是瑪麗獲得了第一名。（分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it）
2. 虛義it與分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it的區(qū)別。 比較：
57）It was three o'clock in the morning when his father came back.（虛義it指時間） 他父親回來時是凌晨3點。
58）It was at three o'clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it） 他父親是在凌晨3點回來的。
3. 分裂句中that/who- 從句與that/who引導(dǎo)的定語從句之區(qū)別。 比較：
59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-從句） 最需要的是錢。
60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句） 這就是最需要的錢。
61）It is Mary who has broken the glass…… （分裂句中的who-從句） 是瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引導(dǎo)定語從句） 瑪麗是獲得第一名的姑娘。
區(qū)別方法：如將句型It is/was… that結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，而句子能還原成普通陳述句，則該句是分裂句，否則不是。如（56）例去掉It is …that 則變成： Mary has won the first place. 瑪麗獲得了第一名。
（58）例變成：His father came back at three o'clock in the morning. 他父親在凌晨3點回來。
（59）例變成：Money is most needed. 錢是最需要的。
（61）例變成：Mary has broken the glass. 瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
4. “擬似”分裂句
如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用簡單陳述句的謂語動詞作為中心成分的。如果要強調(diào)謂語動詞，就得采用另外一種強調(diào)句型，這種句型又叫做“擬似”分裂句。如：
63）I gave her a book. What I did was （to） give her a look. 我所做的是給她一本書。
64）He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was （to） take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飛機去北京。
65）The student is going to write an article. What the student is going to do is（to） write an article.
這個學(xué)生要做的是寫一篇文章。
“擬似”分裂句的主語通常是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，從句的主動詞通常是do的一定形式；這種分裂句的主語補語通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可帶to，也可不帶to，它構(gòu)成“擬似”分裂句的信息中心。
“擬似”分裂句還可采取另外一種形式，即“what-從句+be+名詞詞組”的形式，如：
66）What he gave her was a handbag. 他所給她的是個提包。
也可采取“名詞詞組+be+what-從句”的形式
67）A handbag was what he gave her. 提包就是他所給她的。
1. 用先行詞it改寫下列句子：
（1）Possibly the Joneses will come to the party as well.
（2）Whether they will come or not doesn't matter very much.
（3）He is quite likely to let you down.
（4）You seem to have taken a dislike to him.
（5）I happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.
（6）Getting the car on the boat was rather complicated.
（7）To be with you here this evening is a great pleasure.
（8）You were so kind to invite us.
（9）What you say does not matter in the least.
（10）How he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery.
2. 翻譯下列句子：
（1）冬天，天色晚得早。
（2）問她沒有用，她什么也不知道。
（3）從這兒到車站有兩英里（路程）。
（4）你見過下冰雹嗎？
（5）由你來決定該怎么辦？
（6）據(jù)說他已去過美國兩次了。
（7）可惜你錯過了那次音樂會。
（8）看來，他很害怕。
（9）牛奶已經(jīng)潑翻，哭也無用。（即：作無益的后悔無濟于事。）
（10）幾個月之后我們才又見面。
3. 用強調(diào)句型改寫下列句子。（劃線部分為中心成分）
（1）She has been studying French only for three months.
（2）He has painted the windows green.
（3）John bought the car from Henry.
（4）I met Henry in New York.
（5）He didn't come home until 11 o'clock last night.
翻譯句子************************************：
（1）It is getting dark earlier in winter.
（2）It is no use asking her because she didn't know anything about it.
（3）It's two miles from here to the bus station.
（4）Have you seen it hailing？
（5）It is up to you decide what to do.
（6）It is said that he has been to the U.S.A. twice.
（7）It's a pity that you've missed the concert.
（8）It seems that he is much afraid.
（9）It's no use crying over spilt milk.
（10）It was several months before we met again.
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他們把墻壁漆的是綠色。
注：（1）當(dāng)強調(diào)的中心成分為主語，指人時可用連詞that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），強調(diào)其余的成分時，連詞一律用that.
（2）分裂句中的that與who在非正式文體中可以省略，如：
48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是總統(tǒng)親自和我談了話。（省去從句主語who）
49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是給那條狗水的。（省去從句的賓語that）
50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天開始注意到的。（省去從句連詞that）
有時還可省去句首的it is，如：
51）A good， honest trade you are learning， Sir Peter！ 彼得爵士，你學(xué)得是一種很好而誠實的一行?。?BR> （3）分裂句中的被強調(diào)部分有時可放在句首，如：
52）Now was it that his life was done， and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.
就在這時，他的生命完結(jié)了，他所逃不脫的命運降臨了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village？ 是何時他到達了這個村子？
54）Why was it that he was late for school？ 他是為什么上學(xué)遲到的？
1. 分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別： 比較：
55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 瑪麗本應(yīng)獲得第一名，真令人吃驚！（先行詞it）
56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是瑪麗獲得了第一名。（分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it）
2. 虛義it與分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it的區(qū)別。 比較：
57）It was three o'clock in the morning when his father came back.（虛義it指時間） 他父親回來時是凌晨3點。
58）It was at three o'clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it） 他父親是在凌晨3點回來的。
3. 分裂句中that/who- 從句與that/who引導(dǎo)的定語從句之區(qū)別。 比較：
59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-從句） 最需要的是錢。
60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句） 這就是最需要的錢。
61）It is Mary who has broken the glass…… （分裂句中的who-從句） 是瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引導(dǎo)定語從句） 瑪麗是獲得第一名的姑娘。
區(qū)別方法：如將句型It is/was… that結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，而句子能還原成普通陳述句，則該句是分裂句，否則不是。如（56）例去掉It is …that 則變成： Mary has won the first place. 瑪麗獲得了第一名。
（58）例變成：His father came back at three o'clock in the morning. 他父親在凌晨3點回來。
（59）例變成：Money is most needed. 錢是最需要的。
（61）例變成：Mary has broken the glass. 瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
4. “擬似”分裂句
如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用簡單陳述句的謂語動詞作為中心成分的。如果要強調(diào)謂語動詞，就得采用另外一種強調(diào)句型，這種句型又叫做“擬似”分裂句。如：
63）I gave her a book. What I did was （to） give her a look. 我所做的是給她一本書。
64）He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was （to） take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飛機去北京。
65）The student is going to write an article. What the student is going to do is（to） write an article.
這個學(xué)生要做的是寫一篇文章。
“擬似”分裂句的主語通常是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，從句的主動詞通常是do的一定形式；這種分裂句的主語補語通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可帶to，也可不帶to，它構(gòu)成“擬似”分裂句的信息中心。
“擬似”分裂句還可采取另外一種形式，即“what-從句+be+名詞詞組”的形式，如：
66）What he gave her was a handbag. 他所給她的是個提包。
也可采取“名詞詞組+be+what-從句”的形式
67）A handbag was what he gave her. 提包就是他所給她的。
1. 用先行詞it改寫下列句子：
（1）Possibly the Joneses will come to the party as well.
（2）Whether they will come or not doesn't matter very much.
（3）He is quite likely to let you down.
（4）You seem to have taken a dislike to him.
（5）I happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.
（6）Getting the car on the boat was rather complicated.
（7）To be with you here this evening is a great pleasure.
（8）You were so kind to invite us.
（9）What you say does not matter in the least.
（10）How he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery.
2. 翻譯下列句子：
（1）冬天，天色晚得早。
（2）問她沒有用，她什么也不知道。
（3）從這兒到車站有兩英里（路程）。
（4）你見過下冰雹嗎？
（5）由你來決定該怎么辦？
（6）據(jù)說他已去過美國兩次了。
（7）可惜你錯過了那次音樂會。
（8）看來，他很害怕。
（9）牛奶已經(jīng)潑翻，哭也無用。（即：作無益的后悔無濟于事。）
（10）幾個月之后我們才又見面。
3. 用強調(diào)句型改寫下列句子。（劃線部分為中心成分）
（1）She has been studying French only for three months.
（2）He has painted the windows green.
（3）John bought the car from Henry.
（4）I met Henry in New York.
（5）He didn't come home until 11 o'clock last night.
翻譯句子************************************：
（1）It is getting dark earlier in winter.
（2）It is no use asking her because she didn't know anything about it.
（3）It's two miles from here to the bus station.
（4）Have you seen it hailing？
（5）It is up to you decide what to do.
（6）It is said that he has been to the U.S.A. twice.
（7）It's a pity that you've missed the concert.
（8）It seems that he is much afraid.
（9）It's no use crying over spilt milk.
（10）It was several months before we met again.