(20)倒裝句
1. 倒裝句的定義
英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面,就叫做倒裝。
2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成
a) 完全倒裝
將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái),稱之為完全倒裝。例如:
Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?
Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。
b) 部分倒裝
只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前,謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒裝的原因
a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如:
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?
Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如:
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外):
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來(lái)了!
c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。
Not until New Year‘s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進(jìn)站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
He hasn‘t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村,他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他幾乎看不見(jiàn)。
1. 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不須倒裝。例如:
There he comes. 他來(lái)了。
Away they hurried. 他們急忙走開(kāi)了。
2. so作“也”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序,例如:
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結(jié)果的意思,句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦?!?“確實(shí)如此?!?BR> 3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首,以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn‘t like to read it.不管這本書(shū)多有趣,他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
1. 倒裝句的定義
英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面,就叫做倒裝。
2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成
a) 完全倒裝
將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái),稱之為完全倒裝。例如:
Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?
Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。
b) 部分倒裝
只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前,謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒裝的原因
a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如:
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?
Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如:
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外):
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來(lái)了!
c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。
Not until New Year‘s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進(jìn)站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
He hasn‘t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村,他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他幾乎看不見(jiàn)。
1. 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不須倒裝。例如:
There he comes. 他來(lái)了。
Away they hurried. 他們急忙走開(kāi)了。
2. so作“也”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序,例如:
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結(jié)果的意思,句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦?!?“確實(shí)如此?!?BR> 3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首,以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn‘t like to read it.不管這本書(shū)多有趣,他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。