16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的，不關(guān)心的
indifference n. 冷漠
1）If parents are indifferent to their success， children will fail to make progress.
（如果父母漠視孩子的成功，孩子就不會(huì)進(jìn)步。）
2）He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. （他對(duì)別人的痛苦漠不關(guān)心。）
3）He put on an air of indifference. （他擺出了一副滿不在乎的神氣。）
4）She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. （她兒子對(duì)她的冷漠態(tài)度令她惱怒。）
17.discipline n. 紀(jì)律，訓(xùn)練；學(xué)科 v. 訓(xùn)練；使有紀(jì)律；懲罰
1）The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. （艱苦工作的磨練會(huì)對(duì)你大有好處。）
2）The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. （那個(gè)年輕的教師無(wú)法維持課堂秩序。）
3）Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem.
（許多學(xué)科的科學(xué)家們將一道來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。）
4）They must learn to discipline themselves. （他們必須學(xué)會(huì)鍛煉自己。）
5）He was disciplined for being late. （他因遲到而受罰。）
18.individual n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體 adj. 個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)特的
1）The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. （他在講話中十分強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的自由。）
2）Handwriting varies from individual to individual. （每個(gè)人的筆跡都不相同。）
3）Each individual leaf on the tree is different. （樹上的每一片葉子都各不相同。）
4）There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek.（他除了右臉頰有條深疤外別無(wú)特征。）
本課簡(jiǎn)介
在人類共同生活的社會(huì)里有一些共認(rèn)的社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則，這些準(zhǔn)則為大多數(shù)人所接受。如果你不能遵循這些準(zhǔn)則，你則會(huì)被看作為一個(gè)缺少文明禮貌舉止的人。善待他人，尊重他人能給我們帶來(lái)一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這種優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)幫助我們成功。正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀儜?yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在看電影時(shí)保持安靜；在點(diǎn)燃香煙前征得他人同意；注意選擇接聽移動(dòng)電話的場(chǎng)合；與老師交談時(shí)摘下隨身聽的耳機(jī)；滿口含著食物時(shí)不隨意開口講話；該尊稱他人時(shí)不隨性而為亂稱呼……。這些看似不重要的小節(jié)恰恰是能反映一個(gè)人的社會(huì)公德的。
本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. Unless you want to end a relationship， you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this.
unless在本句中的意思是“if not” （除非，如果不），如：
1）You will fail the exam unless you study harder. （你若不更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，考試會(huì)不及格。）
2）We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. （如果不發(fā)生意外，我們將繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。）
3）I will not go to the party unless he invites me. （如果他不邀請(qǐng)我，我就不去參加聚會(huì)。）
4）Nothing， unless a miracle， can save him. （除非出現(xiàn)奇跡，他無(wú)法得救。）
end在本句中用作動(dòng)詞，意思是“結(jié)束”。如：
1）The meeting did not end until midnight. （會(huì)議開到半夜才結(jié)束。）
2）The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. （抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于1945年結(jié)束。）
3）He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. （他不愿以這種方式結(jié)束為期四周的旅行。）
2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do.
本句中三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”的句型。如：
1）Smoking is not good for your health. （吸煙有害你的健康。）
2）Making experiment is one way of learning. （實(shí)驗(yàn)是學(xué)習(xí)的一條途徑。）
be impressed by 意思是“給…深刻印象”。如：
1）I was impressed by his talent. （他的才干給我留下了深刻的印象。）
2）He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. （絢麗的夕陽(yáng)給他留下了深刻的印象。）
golfer意思為“高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，這個(gè)詞是由golf加后綴-er構(gòu)成的，英語(yǔ)中這一類詞很多。如：baker （面包師傅），gardener （園?。琺iller （磨坊主），singer （歌唱家），user （使用者。）
1）He tried not to let out the secret. （他試圖不泄露秘密。）
2）We tried not to be misled by them. （我們努力不被他們誤導(dǎo)。）
3. There are no laws enforcing respect.
本句是一個(gè)There be + noun + V-ing 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示存在（有），there失去表示場(chǎng)所的意義。如：
1）There was a fire burning in the fireplace. （壁爐里火在燃燒。）
2）There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. （兩臺(tái)推土機(jī)把那兒夷平。）
句中的enforce是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“實(shí)施；強(qiáng)制”。如：
1）It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. （在部隊(duì)里執(zhí)行紀(jì)律是必要的。）
2）He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. （他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫兒童服從。）
4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.
represent在本句中做及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“代表；體現(xiàn)”。如：
1）The blue lines on the map represent rivers. （地圖上的藍(lán)線代表河流。）
2）These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. （那些觀點(diǎn)并不反映當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦恼鎸?shí)思想。）
句中what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，如：
1）I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.（我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我上大學(xué)前媽媽對(duì)我說(shuō)的話。）
2）I didn't see what they were doing there. （我沒(méi)看見他們?cè)谀莾焊墒裁础＃?BR> 3）His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.（他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜歡的東西。）
consider是一個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞，通常有以下幾種用法：
1）consider + 賓語(yǔ)
He had no time to consider the matter. （他沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮這件事。）
2）consider + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Some people considered the attack a mistake. （有人認(rèn)為那次進(jìn)攻是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）
3）consider + that 從句
We consider that the young man is not guilty. （我們認(rèn)為那個(gè)年輕人無(wú)罪。）
4）consider + V. + ing
He considered changing his job. （他考慮換一份工作。）
5）consider to be/as
They consider themselves to be very lucky. （他們認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。）
He is considered to be an authority. （他被認(rèn)為是權(quán)威。）
They considered the house as beautiful. （他們認(rèn)為那房子很美。）
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，to be和as都可以被省略，因此三例句可以改寫為：
They consider themselves lucky.
He is considered an authority.
They consider the house beautiful.
5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.
aware這個(gè)形容詞很常用，需好好掌握，在第十二單元中我們已經(jīng)接觸過(guò)這個(gè)詞，在此再鞏固一下。
1）be aware of
If you were aware of all that， you would change your mind. （如果你知道了那一切，你會(huì)改變主意的。）
2）be aware that
He was aware that he had drunk too much. （他知道他喝的太多了。）
bother在本句中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“打擾”。在bother后用不定式則表示“費(fèi)心去做某事”。如：
1）Don't bother me， I have to finish the work in an hour. （別打擾我，我得在一小時(shí)內(nèi)做完這個(gè)工作。）
2）Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. （別費(fèi)心跟他講話，他對(duì)什么都沒(méi)興趣。）
audience （觀眾，聽眾）當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看待，用做單數(shù)；當(dāng)各成員看待，用做復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1）The audience was （were） enjoying the performance. （觀眾在欣賞演出。）
2）That book has a large audience. （那本書有廣大的讀者。）
indifference n. 冷漠
1）If parents are indifferent to their success， children will fail to make progress.
（如果父母漠視孩子的成功，孩子就不會(huì)進(jìn)步。）
2）He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. （他對(duì)別人的痛苦漠不關(guān)心。）
3）He put on an air of indifference. （他擺出了一副滿不在乎的神氣。）
4）She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. （她兒子對(duì)她的冷漠態(tài)度令她惱怒。）
17.discipline n. 紀(jì)律，訓(xùn)練；學(xué)科 v. 訓(xùn)練；使有紀(jì)律；懲罰
1）The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. （艱苦工作的磨練會(huì)對(duì)你大有好處。）
2）The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. （那個(gè)年輕的教師無(wú)法維持課堂秩序。）
3）Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem.
（許多學(xué)科的科學(xué)家們將一道來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。）
4）They must learn to discipline themselves. （他們必須學(xué)會(huì)鍛煉自己。）
5）He was disciplined for being late. （他因遲到而受罰。）
18.individual n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體 adj. 個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)特的
1）The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. （他在講話中十分強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的自由。）
2）Handwriting varies from individual to individual. （每個(gè)人的筆跡都不相同。）
3）Each individual leaf on the tree is different. （樹上的每一片葉子都各不相同。）
4）There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek.（他除了右臉頰有條深疤外別無(wú)特征。）
本課簡(jiǎn)介
在人類共同生活的社會(huì)里有一些共認(rèn)的社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則，這些準(zhǔn)則為大多數(shù)人所接受。如果你不能遵循這些準(zhǔn)則，你則會(huì)被看作為一個(gè)缺少文明禮貌舉止的人。善待他人，尊重他人能給我們帶來(lái)一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這種優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)幫助我們成功。正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀儜?yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在看電影時(shí)保持安靜；在點(diǎn)燃香煙前征得他人同意；注意選擇接聽移動(dòng)電話的場(chǎng)合；與老師交談時(shí)摘下隨身聽的耳機(jī)；滿口含著食物時(shí)不隨意開口講話；該尊稱他人時(shí)不隨性而為亂稱呼……。這些看似不重要的小節(jié)恰恰是能反映一個(gè)人的社會(huì)公德的。
本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. Unless you want to end a relationship， you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this.
unless在本句中的意思是“if not” （除非，如果不），如：
1）You will fail the exam unless you study harder. （你若不更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，考試會(huì)不及格。）
2）We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. （如果不發(fā)生意外，我們將繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。）
3）I will not go to the party unless he invites me. （如果他不邀請(qǐng)我，我就不去參加聚會(huì)。）
4）Nothing， unless a miracle， can save him. （除非出現(xiàn)奇跡，他無(wú)法得救。）
end在本句中用作動(dòng)詞，意思是“結(jié)束”。如：
1）The meeting did not end until midnight. （會(huì)議開到半夜才結(jié)束。）
2）The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. （抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于1945年結(jié)束。）
3）He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. （他不愿以這種方式結(jié)束為期四周的旅行。）
2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do.
本句中三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”的句型。如：
1）Smoking is not good for your health. （吸煙有害你的健康。）
2）Making experiment is one way of learning. （實(shí)驗(yàn)是學(xué)習(xí)的一條途徑。）
be impressed by 意思是“給…深刻印象”。如：
1）I was impressed by his talent. （他的才干給我留下了深刻的印象。）
2）He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. （絢麗的夕陽(yáng)給他留下了深刻的印象。）
golfer意思為“高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，這個(gè)詞是由golf加后綴-er構(gòu)成的，英語(yǔ)中這一類詞很多。如：baker （面包師傅），gardener （園?。琺iller （磨坊主），singer （歌唱家），user （使用者。）
1）He tried not to let out the secret. （他試圖不泄露秘密。）
2）We tried not to be misled by them. （我們努力不被他們誤導(dǎo)。）
3. There are no laws enforcing respect.
本句是一個(gè)There be + noun + V-ing 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示存在（有），there失去表示場(chǎng)所的意義。如：
1）There was a fire burning in the fireplace. （壁爐里火在燃燒。）
2）There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. （兩臺(tái)推土機(jī)把那兒夷平。）
句中的enforce是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“實(shí)施；強(qiáng)制”。如：
1）It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. （在部隊(duì)里執(zhí)行紀(jì)律是必要的。）
2）He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. （他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫兒童服從。）
4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.
represent在本句中做及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“代表；體現(xiàn)”。如：
1）The blue lines on the map represent rivers. （地圖上的藍(lán)線代表河流。）
2）These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. （那些觀點(diǎn)并不反映當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦恼鎸?shí)思想。）
句中what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，如：
1）I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.（我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我上大學(xué)前媽媽對(duì)我說(shuō)的話。）
2）I didn't see what they were doing there. （我沒(méi)看見他們?cè)谀莾焊墒裁础＃?BR> 3）His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.（他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜歡的東西。）
consider是一個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞，通常有以下幾種用法：
1）consider + 賓語(yǔ)
He had no time to consider the matter. （他沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮這件事。）
2）consider + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Some people considered the attack a mistake. （有人認(rèn)為那次進(jìn)攻是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）
3）consider + that 從句
We consider that the young man is not guilty. （我們認(rèn)為那個(gè)年輕人無(wú)罪。）
4）consider + V. + ing
He considered changing his job. （他考慮換一份工作。）
5）consider to be/as
They consider themselves to be very lucky. （他們認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。）
He is considered to be an authority. （他被認(rèn)為是權(quán)威。）
They considered the house as beautiful. （他們認(rèn)為那房子很美。）
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，to be和as都可以被省略，因此三例句可以改寫為：
They consider themselves lucky.
He is considered an authority.
They consider the house beautiful.
5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.
aware這個(gè)形容詞很常用，需好好掌握，在第十二單元中我們已經(jīng)接觸過(guò)這個(gè)詞，在此再鞏固一下。
1）be aware of
If you were aware of all that， you would change your mind. （如果你知道了那一切，你會(huì)改變主意的。）
2）be aware that
He was aware that he had drunk too much. （他知道他喝的太多了。）
bother在本句中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“打擾”。在bother后用不定式則表示“費(fèi)心去做某事”。如：
1）Don't bother me， I have to finish the work in an hour. （別打擾我，我得在一小時(shí)內(nèi)做完這個(gè)工作。）
2）Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. （別費(fèi)心跟他講話，他對(duì)什么都沒(méi)興趣。）
audience （觀眾，聽眾）當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看待，用做單數(shù)；當(dāng)各成員看待，用做復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1）The audience was （were） enjoying the performance. （觀眾在欣賞演出。）
2）That book has a large audience. （那本書有廣大的讀者。）