15.unrealistic adj. impractical (不切實際的)
1)It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.
(在不遠的將來指望有更好的形勢是不現(xiàn)實的。)
2)This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. (這個要求證明是不切實際且不可行的。)
3)You have unrealistic expectations. (你的期望不切實際。)
16.imitate v. 模仿
imitation n. 模仿
imitative adj. 模仿的;仿制的
1)Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. (許多作家模仿莎士比亞的語言。)
2)His handwriting is difficult to imitate. (他的筆跡很難模仿。)
3)Children learn many things by imitation. (兒童通過模仿學會許多東西。)
4)Acting is an imitative art. (表演是一種模仿性藝術(shù)。)
5)Monkeys are imitative (猴兒愛模仿。)
17.undermine vt. weaken (侵蝕…基礎(chǔ);暗中破壞;逐漸損害)
1)Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.(多次嚴重的感冒損害了老人的健康。)
2)Failures undermined her confidence. (一再的失敗使她漸漸喪失了信心。)
3)The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.(地下水侵蝕了這座房屋的地基。)
18.jeopardize vt. threaten endanger (使處于危險境地;危及,損害)
1)He jeopardized his life to save the drowning child. (他冒著生命危害救護那個溺水兒童。)
2)He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.(他由于投資不當而危及自己的財產(chǎn)。)
3)I didn't want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend.(我不想損害我和新朋友的關(guān)系。)
19.interpret vt. 解釋;口譯
interpretation n. 解釋;口譯
interpreter n. 口譯者
1)Literature helps to interpret life. (文學有助于闡明人生的意義。)
2)His silence was interpreted as consent. (他的沉默被認為是同意。)
3)People often give different interpretations of the past. (人們往往對過去作出不同的解釋。)
4)He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. (他正通過譯員與外國客人交談。)
20.monitor n. 監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)控器;監(jiān)聽員;班長 v. 監(jiān)聽;監(jiān)視;監(jiān)控
1)The patient was connected to the monitor. (一臺監(jiān)控器連接到病人身上。)
2)He is the monitor of our class. (他是我們班班長。)
3)The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. (警察監(jiān)聽了疑犯的所有電話通話。)
4)Water flow will be monitored by computer. (水流將由計算機來監(jiān)測。)
21.initiate vt. 開始;發(fā)起,倡議;接納新成員
1)We should initiate direct talks with the trade unions.(我們應(yīng)該與貿(mào)易聯(lián)合會開始直接對話。)
2)They initiated a new program of reform. (他們開始實施一項新的改革方案。)
3)The club will initiate new members next week. (俱樂部將在下周接納新成員。)
22.restrict vt. 限制;約束
restricted adj. 受限制的;有限的
restriction n. 限制,約束
1)Women in China are no longer restricted to domestic labor now.(現(xiàn)在,中國婦女不再被束縛于家務(wù)勞動了。)
2)He was restricted in his movements. (他的行動受約束。)
3)This rule has a very restricted application (這條規(guī)則的適用范圍極為有限。)
4)The government placed restrictions on sales of weapons. (政府對武器銷售實行限制。)
23.depict vt. portray (描畫,描述)
1)The painter tried to depict the splendour of the sunset.(畫家試圖描繪出日落的壯麗景象。)
2)She went on to depict the confusion of departure (她繼續(xù)描述離開時的混亂情景。)
24.imply v. 暗示,含有的意思
implied adj. 含蓄的
implication n. 含義
1)I don't imply that you are wrong. (我的意思不是說你錯了。)
2)His silence implied consent. (他的緘默表示同意。)
3)I don't understand the implied meaning of this sentence. (我不理解這句話的含義。)
4)The implication of his statement is that I was wrong. (他這話的含義是我錯了。)
25.alternative n. 供選擇的東西 adj. 兩者擇一的;供選擇的
1)He was given the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.(他得在上大學繼續(xù)求學和開始工作之間作出選擇。)
2)Is there any alternative to undergoing a surgical operation?(除外科手術(shù)外還有其它辦法嗎?)
3)You have no alternative but to stay here overnight. (你只好留宿一夜,別無他法。)
4)We should explore alternative possibilities in solving the problem.(我們應(yīng)該探求各種供選擇的可能性來解決這個問題。)
5)The alternative plans of having a picnic on taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma.(去野餐或者去乘船旅游二者只能擇一的計劃使他們左右為難。)
本課簡介
越來越多的事實證明,暴力電視節(jié)目對兒童的成長有不良影響,學齡前兒童受暴力電視節(jié)目的危害尤深,因為他們尚不完全具備辯別事實與幻想的能力,對人類行為、道德沖突的內(nèi)在動機也不理解。兒童常常把從電視中看到的行為用于現(xiàn)實生活之中。父母還應(yīng)幫助兒童理解他們所看的電視節(jié)目,父母也要了解幼兒的老師對與戰(zhàn)爭和暴力相關(guān)連的電視節(jié)目及兒童玩具的態(tài)度,并與那些有共識的其他兒童的父母一同努力,尋求各種方法取代觀看暴力電視節(jié)目。
本課語言點
1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
a quarter (of)“四分之一”,如:a quarter of a pound(四分之一磅);a quarter of a century(四分之一世紀);a quarter of a mile(四分之一英里);a quarter (of a dollar) (25美分);a quarter of a million(25萬);a quarter (of an hour)(15分鐘)。
…that children's exposure to violence on television…
that 引導的是一個同位語從句,這個同位語從句沒有直接跟在名詞evidence的后面,而是被has been increasing隔開了。同位語的作用是對它所說明的名詞作進一步解釋,說明這個名詞指的是誰或什么。如:
1)I had no idea that he told us a lie. (我不知道他對我們說了謊話。)
2)You have to produce enough evidence that he is guilty.(你得拿出足夠的證據(jù)說明他有罪。)
3)There was little possibility that they would succeed. (他們成功的可能性極小。)
4)There can be no doubt that TV violence affects children. (毫無疑問,暴力電視節(jié)目對兒童有不良影響。)
exposure to “暴露于…”,如:
1)The best part of the job was her constant exposure to books.(她這個工作的大優(yōu)點是能經(jīng)常接觸書籍。)
have an effect on “對…有作用(影響)”,如:
1)Constant rain had much effect on the harvest. (持續(xù)的降雨對收成有很大的影響。)
2)The cement factory has much effect on the environment.(水泥廠對環(huán)境的影響很大。)
3)His persuasion had little effect on her.(他的勸說對她沒什么作用。)
2.…the amount of television time allocated each week to violent programs increased significantly.
…the number of violent acts on television…h(huán)as increased…。
上面兩個句子中分別用了amount和number兩個詞。amount用來修飾從體積,重量,金額等方面著眼的東西,一般在of后接用不可數(shù)名詞;而number則用以修飾可數(shù)的人或物。在第一個句子中,amount of后面用的是不可數(shù)名詞time,第二個句子中number of后面用的是可數(shù)名詞acts.再請看例句:
1)A large amount of money has been spent on this project.(一大筆錢已經(jīng)花在了這個工程上。)
2)The amount of work assigned to him was formidable.(分配給他做的工作量極大。)
3)The number of students of the university has been increasing. (這所大學的學生人數(shù)在增加。)
4)The number of tourists to that place is limited.(去那個地方旅游的人數(shù)有限。)
請注意區(qū)別act和action這兩個名詞。①這兩個名詞都表示“行為”,“行動”的意思,??苫Q使用。act強調(diào)行為的結(jié)果,而不涉及行為的動機與性質(zhì),常是即興,瞬間的舉動;action偏重于動作的方式和過程。②act行為的發(fā)出者可以是人也可以是物;action只是物。③在須用不可數(shù)名詞表示總的概念時,多用action,而一般不用act.如:
1)The time has come for action/act.(采取行動的時間了。)
2)The thoughtless young man did another foolish act.(那個魯莽的年輕人又做了件傻事。)
3)Every sudden emotion quickens the action of the heart.(每件突如其來的令人激動的事情都能加快心跳。)
4)Actions speak louder than words.(事實勝于雄辯。)
1)It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.
(在不遠的將來指望有更好的形勢是不現(xiàn)實的。)
2)This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. (這個要求證明是不切實際且不可行的。)
3)You have unrealistic expectations. (你的期望不切實際。)
16.imitate v. 模仿
imitation n. 模仿
imitative adj. 模仿的;仿制的
1)Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. (許多作家模仿莎士比亞的語言。)
2)His handwriting is difficult to imitate. (他的筆跡很難模仿。)
3)Children learn many things by imitation. (兒童通過模仿學會許多東西。)
4)Acting is an imitative art. (表演是一種模仿性藝術(shù)。)
5)Monkeys are imitative (猴兒愛模仿。)
17.undermine vt. weaken (侵蝕…基礎(chǔ);暗中破壞;逐漸損害)
1)Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.(多次嚴重的感冒損害了老人的健康。)
2)Failures undermined her confidence. (一再的失敗使她漸漸喪失了信心。)
3)The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.(地下水侵蝕了這座房屋的地基。)
18.jeopardize vt. threaten endanger (使處于危險境地;危及,損害)
1)He jeopardized his life to save the drowning child. (他冒著生命危害救護那個溺水兒童。)
2)He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.(他由于投資不當而危及自己的財產(chǎn)。)
3)I didn't want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend.(我不想損害我和新朋友的關(guān)系。)
19.interpret vt. 解釋;口譯
interpretation n. 解釋;口譯
interpreter n. 口譯者
1)Literature helps to interpret life. (文學有助于闡明人生的意義。)
2)His silence was interpreted as consent. (他的沉默被認為是同意。)
3)People often give different interpretations of the past. (人們往往對過去作出不同的解釋。)
4)He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. (他正通過譯員與外國客人交談。)
20.monitor n. 監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)控器;監(jiān)聽員;班長 v. 監(jiān)聽;監(jiān)視;監(jiān)控
1)The patient was connected to the monitor. (一臺監(jiān)控器連接到病人身上。)
2)He is the monitor of our class. (他是我們班班長。)
3)The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. (警察監(jiān)聽了疑犯的所有電話通話。)
4)Water flow will be monitored by computer. (水流將由計算機來監(jiān)測。)
21.initiate vt. 開始;發(fā)起,倡議;接納新成員
1)We should initiate direct talks with the trade unions.(我們應(yīng)該與貿(mào)易聯(lián)合會開始直接對話。)
2)They initiated a new program of reform. (他們開始實施一項新的改革方案。)
3)The club will initiate new members next week. (俱樂部將在下周接納新成員。)
22.restrict vt. 限制;約束
restricted adj. 受限制的;有限的
restriction n. 限制,約束
1)Women in China are no longer restricted to domestic labor now.(現(xiàn)在,中國婦女不再被束縛于家務(wù)勞動了。)
2)He was restricted in his movements. (他的行動受約束。)
3)This rule has a very restricted application (這條規(guī)則的適用范圍極為有限。)
4)The government placed restrictions on sales of weapons. (政府對武器銷售實行限制。)
23.depict vt. portray (描畫,描述)
1)The painter tried to depict the splendour of the sunset.(畫家試圖描繪出日落的壯麗景象。)
2)She went on to depict the confusion of departure (她繼續(xù)描述離開時的混亂情景。)
24.imply v. 暗示,含有的意思
implied adj. 含蓄的
implication n. 含義
1)I don't imply that you are wrong. (我的意思不是說你錯了。)
2)His silence implied consent. (他的緘默表示同意。)
3)I don't understand the implied meaning of this sentence. (我不理解這句話的含義。)
4)The implication of his statement is that I was wrong. (他這話的含義是我錯了。)
25.alternative n. 供選擇的東西 adj. 兩者擇一的;供選擇的
1)He was given the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.(他得在上大學繼續(xù)求學和開始工作之間作出選擇。)
2)Is there any alternative to undergoing a surgical operation?(除外科手術(shù)外還有其它辦法嗎?)
3)You have no alternative but to stay here overnight. (你只好留宿一夜,別無他法。)
4)We should explore alternative possibilities in solving the problem.(我們應(yīng)該探求各種供選擇的可能性來解決這個問題。)
5)The alternative plans of having a picnic on taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma.(去野餐或者去乘船旅游二者只能擇一的計劃使他們左右為難。)
本課簡介
越來越多的事實證明,暴力電視節(jié)目對兒童的成長有不良影響,學齡前兒童受暴力電視節(jié)目的危害尤深,因為他們尚不完全具備辯別事實與幻想的能力,對人類行為、道德沖突的內(nèi)在動機也不理解。兒童常常把從電視中看到的行為用于現(xiàn)實生活之中。父母還應(yīng)幫助兒童理解他們所看的電視節(jié)目,父母也要了解幼兒的老師對與戰(zhàn)爭和暴力相關(guān)連的電視節(jié)目及兒童玩具的態(tài)度,并與那些有共識的其他兒童的父母一同努力,尋求各種方法取代觀看暴力電視節(jié)目。
本課語言點
1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
a quarter (of)“四分之一”,如:a quarter of a pound(四分之一磅);a quarter of a century(四分之一世紀);a quarter of a mile(四分之一英里);a quarter (of a dollar) (25美分);a quarter of a million(25萬);a quarter (of an hour)(15分鐘)。
…that children's exposure to violence on television…
that 引導的是一個同位語從句,這個同位語從句沒有直接跟在名詞evidence的后面,而是被has been increasing隔開了。同位語的作用是對它所說明的名詞作進一步解釋,說明這個名詞指的是誰或什么。如:
1)I had no idea that he told us a lie. (我不知道他對我們說了謊話。)
2)You have to produce enough evidence that he is guilty.(你得拿出足夠的證據(jù)說明他有罪。)
3)There was little possibility that they would succeed. (他們成功的可能性極小。)
4)There can be no doubt that TV violence affects children. (毫無疑問,暴力電視節(jié)目對兒童有不良影響。)
exposure to “暴露于…”,如:
1)The best part of the job was her constant exposure to books.(她這個工作的大優(yōu)點是能經(jīng)常接觸書籍。)
have an effect on “對…有作用(影響)”,如:
1)Constant rain had much effect on the harvest. (持續(xù)的降雨對收成有很大的影響。)
2)The cement factory has much effect on the environment.(水泥廠對環(huán)境的影響很大。)
3)His persuasion had little effect on her.(他的勸說對她沒什么作用。)
2.…the amount of television time allocated each week to violent programs increased significantly.
…the number of violent acts on television…h(huán)as increased…。
上面兩個句子中分別用了amount和number兩個詞。amount用來修飾從體積,重量,金額等方面著眼的東西,一般在of后接用不可數(shù)名詞;而number則用以修飾可數(shù)的人或物。在第一個句子中,amount of后面用的是不可數(shù)名詞time,第二個句子中number of后面用的是可數(shù)名詞acts.再請看例句:
1)A large amount of money has been spent on this project.(一大筆錢已經(jīng)花在了這個工程上。)
2)The amount of work assigned to him was formidable.(分配給他做的工作量極大。)
3)The number of students of the university has been increasing. (這所大學的學生人數(shù)在增加。)
4)The number of tourists to that place is limited.(去那個地方旅游的人數(shù)有限。)
請注意區(qū)別act和action這兩個名詞。①這兩個名詞都表示“行為”,“行動”的意思,??苫Q使用。act強調(diào)行為的結(jié)果,而不涉及行為的動機與性質(zhì),常是即興,瞬間的舉動;action偏重于動作的方式和過程。②act行為的發(fā)出者可以是人也可以是物;action只是物。③在須用不可數(shù)名詞表示總的概念時,多用action,而一般不用act.如:
1)The time has come for action/act.(采取行動的時間了。)
2)The thoughtless young man did another foolish act.(那個魯莽的年輕人又做了件傻事。)
3)Every sudden emotion quickens the action of the heart.(每件突如其來的令人激動的事情都能加快心跳。)
4)Actions speak louder than words.(事實勝于雄辯。)