自考“英語(一)”筆記(12)

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11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
    本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一樣,都是形容詞的高級形式。因為這幾個詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,所以,高級的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對于大部分兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞,高級的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.請看例句:
    1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.
    (他想使每一個人相信他是世界上幸福的人。)
    2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(這是我所見過的強壯的馬。)
    3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找細(xì)心的雇工。)
    4) 黃山是我所知道的美的山之一。
    (Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)
    5) 這條高速公路是中國長的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )
    6) 這本書是三本書中有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)
    rise 是一個不及物動詞,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如:
    1) The sun rises in the east.(太陽在東方升起。)
    2) Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising. ?。ńo孩子服藥,他的體溫在升高。)
    3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高聳入云。)
    請注意區(qū)別以下動詞:
    1) rise 不及物動詞 (起立;上升,高聳;浮現(xiàn))
    The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.
    The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.
    An idea rises in my mind.
    2) raise 及物動詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)
    If you have any questions, please raise your hands.
    When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.
    The management promised to raise the workers''salary after the negotiation.
    He failed to raise the money for his father''s heart operation.
    3) arise 不及物動詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)
    Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.
    New problems arise when old ones are solved.
    His illness arose from malnutrition.
    4) arouse 及物動詞 (喚醒;激起,引起)
    The noise outside aroused him from sleep.
    The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.
    floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中,floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;
    1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)
    2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.?。ǘ鞎r,木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)
    3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)
    4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他決定用塑料磚鋪廚房地面。)
    12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island
    top 在句中做名詞用,意思是“頂部,山頂”。例如:
    1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一個爬上山頂。)
    2) When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.(我們站在山頂時,整個城市盡收眼底)
    請翻譯下面的句子,注意top的詞類和意思:
    1) He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放聲高叫。)-n.
    2) He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以快的速度奔跑。)-n.
    3) He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子學(xué)生。)-adj.
    4) This is the top news of the week.(這是本周的頭條新聞。)-adj.
    5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父親是高級外交顧問。)-adj.
    6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(媽媽準(zhǔn)備在蛋糕上澆奶油。)-v.
    7) He tops his father by half a head.(他比父親高出半個頭。)-v.
    8) She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一條新裙子配她的上衣。)-n.
    與top有關(guān)的詞組:
    come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人頭地) from top to bottom(從上到下,徹底地) from top to toe(從頭到腳;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心滿意足)
    13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.
    called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句,在其前省去了which is.
    請看下面的例句:
    1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.
    (機會常常是第出現(xiàn)時沒有被人們注意到的東西。)
    2) There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有許多是那小男孩能做。)
    3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想與其討論這個問題的人。)
    14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.
    days常常指“時期,時代”,有時也表示“一生;生命”。請看例句:
    1) In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.
    (在他的童年時代,他常常和伙伴們一起游泳,釣魚。)
    2) In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.
    (在維多利亞女王時代,英國殖民地迅速擴張。)
    3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了許多苦。)
    crew是一個集合名詞,指“全體船員”,后面的謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),此句中謂語動詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were,因為從句子中可以推斷出是許多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.
    15. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.
    furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“為…提供”,我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來表達(dá)這個意思。例如:
    They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.(他們?yōu)殡y民供應(yīng)毯子和食物。)
    No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.(誰也沒有料到他會把消息提供給對手。)
    Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.
    (幸運的是他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝艘惠v汽車和所有必要的地圖。)
    16. One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.
    the Grand Banks在句子中做同位語。請看下面的例句:
    1) This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist.  (這個理論是由科學(xué)家愛因斯坦提出的。)
    2) This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.(這是我們系主任本杰明先生。)
    3) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.
    (中國大的內(nèi)陸咸水湖青海湖海拔3,198米。)
    本課主要詞組及句型
    詞組:
    1. separate from        2. keep sb. from doing sth.
    3. be unwilling to do sth.    4. between A and B
    5. make sth unusual       6. so…that
    7. dry up           8. on the average
    9. rise from          10. furnish sth for sb.
    11. pile up          12. from…to