subject還常常做動詞或形容詞用，請看例句：
1） The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（這個國家曾一度受外國統(tǒng)治。）
2） Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（臺北去年遭受了嚴重的地震災(zāi)害。）
3） We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我們都要受自然規(guī)律的支配。）
4） The child is very subject to coughs.（這孩子動不動就咳嗽。）
5） All men are subject to death.（人總有一死。）
while 在句子中做連詞用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一個多義詞，請注意下面例句中while 的意思：
1） Strike while the iron is hot.（趁熱打鐵。）
2） He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一邊聽收音機，一邊做作業(yè)。）
3） He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健談，而他的孿生兄弟則少言寡語。）
4） While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.（這個老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜歡。）
5） You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你遲早會成功。）
using imagery分詞做狀語，表示方式，請看例句：
1） They stood there waiting for the bus.
2） She had to work standing up.
13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserve a memory做復(fù)合賓語。
斜體部分是一個“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，做方式狀語，修飾動名詞短語forming an integrated image.
不定式與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做動詞賓語的現(xiàn)象在英語中很常見，在前幾講中我們也遇到過。再請看幾個例句：
1） Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意湯姆和你一起去嗎？）
2） He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想讓你下午去見他。）
3） Father encouraged him to study harder.（父親鼓勵他更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。）
4） I will get someone to help you.（我去找個人來幫你。）
“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中也很常見，請看例句：
1） With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.（隨著這個問題的解決，計劃正順利進行。）
2） Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.
（這么多人注視著她，于她而言，站在那兒是一種折磨。）
本課主要詞組及句型
詞組：
1. focus on 2. a number of
3. at all levels 4. make sense
5. make a difference 6. in random order
7. consist of 8. group into
9. as follows 10. needless to say
11. refer to 12. relate…to
13. associate with 14. compare with
句型：
A.定語從句
1） Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
2） Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember
3） There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
4） Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
5） Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
B. 動名詞做主語
1） Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
2） Categorizing is another means of organization.
3） Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
Text B Short-term Memory
短語表達
1. at a later time
Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time.
I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.
2. in contrast （with / to）
Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent.
His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.
3. look up
I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？
Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word.
4. be unable to
I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand.
He was unable to provide us with more information.
5. be released from
He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.
He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.
6. be rewarded with
The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.
If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.
1） The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（這個國家曾一度受外國統(tǒng)治。）
2） Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（臺北去年遭受了嚴重的地震災(zāi)害。）
3） We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我們都要受自然規(guī)律的支配。）
4） The child is very subject to coughs.（這孩子動不動就咳嗽。）
5） All men are subject to death.（人總有一死。）
while 在句子中做連詞用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一個多義詞，請注意下面例句中while 的意思：
1） Strike while the iron is hot.（趁熱打鐵。）
2） He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一邊聽收音機，一邊做作業(yè)。）
3） He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健談，而他的孿生兄弟則少言寡語。）
4） While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.（這個老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜歡。）
5） You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你遲早會成功。）
using imagery分詞做狀語，表示方式，請看例句：
1） They stood there waiting for the bus.
2） She had to work standing up.
13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserve a memory做復(fù)合賓語。
斜體部分是一個“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，做方式狀語，修飾動名詞短語forming an integrated image.
不定式與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做動詞賓語的現(xiàn)象在英語中很常見，在前幾講中我們也遇到過。再請看幾個例句：
1） Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意湯姆和你一起去嗎？）
2） He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想讓你下午去見他。）
3） Father encouraged him to study harder.（父親鼓勵他更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。）
4） I will get someone to help you.（我去找個人來幫你。）
“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中也很常見，請看例句：
1） With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.（隨著這個問題的解決，計劃正順利進行。）
2） Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.
（這么多人注視著她，于她而言，站在那兒是一種折磨。）
本課主要詞組及句型
詞組：
1. focus on 2. a number of
3. at all levels 4. make sense
5. make a difference 6. in random order
7. consist of 8. group into
9. as follows 10. needless to say
11. refer to 12. relate…to
13. associate with 14. compare with
句型：
A.定語從句
1） Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
2） Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember
3） There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
4） Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
5） Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
B. 動名詞做主語
1） Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
2） Categorizing is another means of organization.
3） Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
Text B Short-term Memory
短語表達
1. at a later time
Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time.
I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.
2. in contrast （with / to）
Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent.
His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.
3. look up
I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？
Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word.
4. be unable to
I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand.
He was unable to provide us with more information.
5. be released from
He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.
He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.
6. be rewarded with
The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.
If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.