自考英語(一)講義(22)

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Unit 24
    Text A Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations
    第一段
    1. 第三行:They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up(加快) the economic growth of the nations in which(定于從句,which代指前面的nations,所以in which可以理解為in the nations) they are located.
    雨林被砍伐,其目的是獲取珍貴木材和其他資源以加快森林所在國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
    2. 第五行:The most recent figures show that the area of rainforest destroyed(過去分詞作后置定語,表被動) last year alone(僅僅) was bigger than the size of Great Britain and Ireland.
    最近的數(shù)字表明,僅去年一年熱帶雨林被毀的面積已經(jīng)大于大不列顛和愛爾蘭兩國的面積總和。
    第二段
    1. 第一行:時態(tài)題If the present rate of deforestation is allowed to continue, the consequences for the earth will be great.在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,主句用將來時,從句用現(xiàn)在時表將來。
    如果聽任現(xiàn)在的這種毀林速度繼續(xù)下去,給地球帶來的后果會很嚴重。
    第三段
    1. 第一行:According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to(促成) the so-called greenhouse effect.
    據(jù)許多科學家的意見,熱帶雨林被燒毀還直接促成所謂的溫室效應。
    第四段
    1. 第一行:medicine chest 醫(yī)藥庫;unlimited 無限的
    2. 第二行:The US National Cancer Institute has identified 2,000 rainforest plants which could be beneficial in(對什么有益) fighting cancer.
    美國國家抗癌協(xié)會找到的2000多種雨林植物隊戰(zhàn)勝癌癥可能有益。
    3. 最后一行:derive from 從什么中獲得
    第五段
    1. 第一行:Plant species are not the only forms of life threatened(過去分詞在名次后作定語,表被動,意思為:受到什么的威脅) with extinction in the rainforest.
    植物物種并不是熱帶雨林中受到滅絕威脅的生物。
    2. 最后一行:since the turn of the century 自本世紀初
    第六段
    1. 第一行:In the face of (面對)all these facts, it seems senseless (愚蠢的)for countries to continue destroying (continue doing sth. 繼續(xù)做正在做的事)their rainforests.
    面對所有這些事實,哪些國家仍然繼續(xù)毀林看來十分愚蠢。
    2. 第三行:The countries in which(定語從句,之所以在which前面加了介詞in是由于定語從句中有一個詞組be located in :位于什么地方。當定于從句中有動介詞組時,正式的用法是把介詞放在關系詞前) the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated.
    雨林所在的國家都十分貧窮,人口過多。
    3. 第四行:One of them, Brazil, has a population of (擁有多少人口)140 million, about half of whom(定語從句關系詞代指前面的population) are living in absolute poverty.
    其中之一的巴西就有1.4億人口,差不多一半的人生活在絕對貧困狀態(tài)之中。
    4. 第五行:The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to(太怎么樣以至于不能怎樣) stop large companies and powerful individuals from(stop sb. from sth./doing sth.阻止某人做某事) destroying the rainforests.
    這些國家的政府往往也太軟弱,制止不了大公司和有權勢的個人毀壞森林。
    5. 第九行:The governments often have no choice but (僅有) to turn a blind eye. 政府常常別無選擇,只能視而不見。
    第七段
    1. 第一行:The only solution to(問題的解決方案) the problem, then, seems to be for the richer countries of the world to help the countries where (where在這里等于in which)the rainforests are located.
    那么解決問題的辦法看來是要靠世界上的富國幫助熱帶雨林所在的國家。
    2. 第七行:regard sth./sb. as 把某事/某人當作什么;make a living 謀生
    第八段
    1. Such programs could teach the local people how to select trees worth exporting (worth 后面加動詞的ing形式)and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest, so that(因此) the basic make-up of the forest would not be disturbed.
    這些計劃可以教會本地人怎樣選擇值得出口的樹木,僅僅砍伐那些樹,從而留下其他樹木,這樣就可保持森林的基本構成不受破壞。
    2. On the spot 就地
    第九段
    1. Last but not least 最后同樣重要的是
    2. Used paper 用過的紙
    3. Demand for sth. 要求某事
    Text B Life on the Tundra
    第一段:
    1. Only those plants and animals that are adapted to(適應于) the hostile environment(定于從句) can survive in it.
    只有那些適應惡劣環(huán)境的植物和動物才能在這里生存。
    第二段
    1. At the Arctic Circle, the sun cannot be seen above the horizon in December.
    12約在北極圈,無法見到太陽升出地平線。
    2. Over the northern reaches(名詞: 可以到達的地區(qū),區(qū)域,范圍) of the tundra, no sunlight can be seen at all for several months of the year.
    在凍土帶的北部大片地區(qū),一年中有好幾個月根本見不到太陽。
    第三段
    1. To some degree 在某種程度上
    2. But even in the warmest month, the temperature only averages(動詞:平均) about 50 degrees F. 但即使在最溫暖的月份,氣溫平均才大約50華氏度。
    第四段
    1. 第一行:Because of the intense cold, the subsoil of the tundra remains(半系動詞:保持) permanently frozen(受凍) to a great depth(達到很深)。
    由于嚴寒,凍土帶的下層土壤常年凍得很深。
    2. 第三行:It is this thin layer of active soil that(強調句型) supports all living things on the tundra. 就是這層薄薄的活土地支持者凍土帶所有的生命。
    第五段
    1. Give birth to 賦予生命;lifeless 無生命的
    第六段
    1. Prevent sb. from sth./doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
    第七段
    1.In search of 尋找;hunt for 尋找