1.Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study.——（Students taking business courses sometimes wonder why their courses include the topic of business ethics.） 選修商業(yè)課程的學(xué)生多少感到驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的課程中，還有關(guān)于商來道德方面的講座。
1） be surprise/pleased/delighted/glad/happy/sorry， etc.to do sth.：對……感到驚訝/高興/興奮/抱歉等。
又如： Henry's friends were delighted to hear of his success.
亨利的朋友聽說他成功了，感到很高興。
I'm very sorry to tell you that you didn't pass the exam.
我很抱歉地通知你，你考試沒有通過。
2） ethics： （plural） moral principles that control or influence a person's behaviours道德
business ethics： moral rules or principles governing the behaviour of people involved in the business of selling and buying， which include fair play in conducting business， not operating dishonest practices， such as swindles， fraud， bribery syllabus： a list of the topics， books， etc. that students should study in a particular subject at school or college. 商來道德
2. they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want.為了達(dá)到目的，他們可能會做出違心的事情。
1） be tempted to do sth.： 受到吸引、誘惑而去做……。
又如： The boy was tempted to play the computer games after class every afternoon.
這個男孩每天下午放學(xué)后都被吸引去打電子游戲。
He was tempted to take a well-paid job a big company had offered.
他很想接受一家大公司答應(yīng)給的一份高收入的工作。
Nothing would tempt her to leave her aging parents alone in the countryside.
她決不會把年邁的雙親單獨(dú)留在鄉(xiāng)下不管。
2） bend one's principles： do things against one's principles rather unwillingly 勉強(qiáng)做違背自己原則的事情。
Sometimes people will bend their principles to meet their desire for money and power.
有時(shí)候人們會做一些違背原則的事情以滿足他們對金錢和權(quán)力的欲望。
注意以往學(xué)過的近似的意思： There would be no powerful will bending hers.
（那時(shí)）再也沒有人把自己（的意志）強(qiáng)加于她了。
3） to get what they want 是目的狀語，修飾謂語may be tempted to bend their principles.
3 . ……bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and， in some， this type of corruption has been a way of life for centuries.——（……bribery in its various forms is increasing/becoming more and more common in many countries； in some this type of corruption has been the typical pattern of behaviour for hundreds of years.）在許多國家，形形色色的賄賂形式在增加；在有些國家里， 這類腐敗現(xiàn)象幾個世紀(jì)以來早已成了一種事的模式。
1） on the increase： increasing增加。
又如： Crime is on the increase in that country.
那個國家的犯罪現(xiàn)象在增加。
The unemployment in that country is on the increase.
那個國家的失業(yè)在增加。
2） a /one's way of life： 一種（或某人的）生活方式，一種正常的辦事模式。
又如： Early to bed and early to rise is his way of life.
早睡早起是他的生活方式。
Dinning out， especially on holidays， is a way of life for the people in big cities.
在外面餐館吃飯，特別是在節(jié)假日，是大城市許多人們的一種生活方式。
Spending today what you will earn tomorrow is becoming a way of life for many young city people.
今天花將來掙的錢逐漸成為城市里許多年輕人的生活方式。
4. suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed.——（……you want to sell your company's soft-drinks in a foreign country for the first time because you think in future these drinks will sell very well though at the present they may not be popular.） 假設(shè)你是一家重要軟飲料公司的頭頭，你想打入某個對公司發(fā)展前景看好的海外市場。
1） you were是虛擬語氣。If you were… head of： 頭頭，…之首 head of state國家元首； head of government政府首腦； head of school一校之長；head of family一家之長
2） break into： to become involved in a new business activity打進(jìn)，侵占；破門；而入；突然… Some foreign companies are trying to break into the Chinese market. 一些外國公司想方設(shè)法打進(jìn)中國市場。 He lost his keys， so he had to break into his house.他丟了鑰匙，因此不得不破門而入。 The thief broke into running when he saw a policeman.這個小偷一看見警察拔腿就跑。
3） potential （for）： the possibility of sth. happening or being developed or used……可能性，有潛力，存在市場 The new product has a great potential for sales （could be sold in large quantities）。 這種新產(chǎn)品將來可能會賣得很俏。 Seeing the potential for nuclear attacks， the family built a shelter. 這家人認(rèn)識到可能會發(fā)生核攻擊之事，就修建了防空洞。 They all agree that the potential for conflict between the two parties is great. 他們一致同意兩個派別發(fā)生沖突的可能性相當(dāng)大。
4） be likely to do / be： will probably do / be可能會發(fā)生（或成為）。
He is likely to be our new manager.
他很有可能成為我們的新經(jīng)理。
5. the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that……貿(mào)易部長明確表示……
make……clear： 明確表明，有三種不同的形式：
1）make sth. clear，如： I think I've made my intentions very clear.
我想我已經(jīng)把我的意圖表達(dá)清楚了。
2）make oneself clear，如： I wonder if I've made myself clear.
不知大家是否明白了我的意思。
如果make的賓語是that從句，則在賓語的位置用it，將從句置于clear之后。
3）（向某人）明確表示……。
又如： The doctor made it clear to his family that the patient didn't have more than three days to live.
醫(yī)生毫不含糊地向家屬表明病人多還能活3天。
6. ……you are also likely to avoid “bureaucratic delays”， as he puts it.
（If you promise to pay this official a large sum of money）……
同時(shí)，正如他說的那樣，你還可能避免“因官僚主義而延誤”的情況。
（you will probably also manage to get things done smoothly without“bureaucratic delays”， to use his own words.）
Because of unreasonable complicated official rules and processes before you can get sth. done or approved. For example， if you want to get permission from government officials to do something， you have to go through a lot of complicated processes and are likely to wait for a long time before you get it.
1） be likely to do / be： will probably do / be可能會發(fā)生（或成為）
2） as he puts it 是方式狀語從句。
7. Now， the question is： do you pay up or stand by your principle？現(xiàn)在的問題是：你是按數(shù)付錢，還是堅(jiān)持你的原則？
1） pay up： hand money to sb.向某人交錢，一般指“支付一切欠款”，此處指“向索賄者交付他想要的數(shù)目”。
Unless you pay up， they'll cut off your gas supply.
你要再不支付拖欠的煤氣費(fèi)，他們就要停止你的煤氣供應(yīng)。
2） stand by sth.： be faithful to a promise， decision， principle， etc. 遵守諾言，信守決定，堅(jiān)持原則等。
又如： Once a decision is made， you've got to stand by it.
一旦作出了決定，就要信守決定。
I'll stand by every word I've said no matter what happens.
無論發(fā)生什么事，我都會遵守諾言。
8. Some time ago the British car manufacturer， the British car manufacturer， British Leyland， was accused of operating a “slush fund” ， and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission， offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland.——（The British car manufacturer was said to have used a “slush fund” and other dishonest ways of doing business. These include paying their business partners （agents or buyers） commissions of more than depositing money into numbered， i.e. secret accounts in Swiss banks.） 被指控設(shè)有一筆用來支付非法事項(xiàng)的款子以及搞其他不正當(dāng)做法，如向代理商和買方支付高額回扣、提供附加折扣以及向瑞士銀行某些具體賬號存款等。
1） Be accused of （doing）sth. 被指控
The manager was accused of taking bribes.
經(jīng)理被指控犯有受賄罪。
2） slush fund： a fund used to make illegal or questionable payments/a sum of money kept for illegal purposes， esp. in politics. Slush is literally melting， often dirty snow
一筆支付非法或不正當(dāng)事物的款子。
原意是正在融化的雪，往往很臟。
3） questionable practices： dishonest ways of doing things不正當(dāng)做法
4） agent： a person whose job is to act for， or manage the affairs of other people in business代理商
5） commission： an amount of money that is paid to sb. for selling goods and which increases with the amount of goods回扣，傭金 padded commissions： commissions that are higher than the normal amount/rate比率超常的回扣。正常的回扣是合法的，如5％，如果回扣過高如20％就不正常，padded的愿意是“填滿了……的”。
6） discount： a reduction in the cost of goods that you offer agents or buyers折扣
7） numbered bank account： a bank account that is given a special number and not the name of the depositor
具體賬號存款，以上所列實(shí)質(zhì)都是行賄，或是變相行賄。瑞士的銀行是世界范圍內(nèi)犯罪分子洗錢首選之地，因此瑞士銀行因接納不義之財(cái)而受到批評。
9. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. 這家公司駁回這些指控，后來這些指控被撤消。
1） Reject 拒絕，抵制；駁回，否決
The board of Directors rejected my request of quitting.
董事會拒絕了我的辭職請求。 The court rejected her appeal.法院駁回了她的上訴。
2）withdrawn 撤消，撤回，退出；取回，提取
The demand was withdrawn at the meeting.
這個要求在會議上被撤消了。
I'm running out of money， I'll withdraw some from my bank account.
我的錢快花完了，我要從我的銀行帳戶上取點(diǎn)錢。
10. Who were prepared to say in private. 他們私下會這樣說。
1）be prepared to do sth.： 準(zhǔn)備做……；愿意做……，又如： They're prepared to have a try though the chances of success are very small. 盡管成功的可能不大，他們準(zhǔn)備試一試。
2）in private： 私下，與之相對應(yīng)的是in public（公開）。 The two drivers reached an agreement in private.這兩個司機(jī)私下里達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
11. “Look， we're in a wheeling-dealing business. ”——（“Look， in the business world， we're faced with a lot of complicated deals， so we have to use whatever means to gain profits.”/“In the business world， the competition is very fierce.”）看， 我們所干的事競爭異常激烈，往往需要不擇手段。
1）wheel and deal： （usually used in the progressive tenses wheeling and dealing） to do a lot of complicated deals in business or politics， often in a dishonest way /wheeling-dealing：（口語）在政治活動或生意中為了打垮對手而必須不擇手段的。
2）business 此處既可作“生意”解，也可作“事業(yè)”解。Go into business下海，經(jīng)商； business hours營業(yè)時(shí)間； come down to business言歸正傳，著手做，it's none of your business不關(guān)你的事
12. Every year we're selling more than a ￡ 1，000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers， who's hurt？ ——（It is worthwhile to bribe some of our buyers with a few million so as to secure contracts worth ￡ 1，000 million.）每年我們在海外要賣出價(jià)值10億英鎊的汽車，要是我們花上幾百萬賄賂買方，對我們的利益毫無損害。我們不這么做。別人也會干的。
1） ……worth of sth.： 價(jià)值……的……，又如： ￥2，000 worth of chemical fertilizer價(jià)值2，000元人民幣的化肥 $5，000 worth of books價(jià)值5，000美元的書 spend （an amount of money） doing sth.： 花……錢用來做……，又如： They spent ￥50，000 fixing their apartment. 他們花了5萬元人民幣修理單元住房。
2） grease sb.'s palm： （old-fashioned， informal） to give sb. money in a secret or dishonest way in order to persuade them to do sth. for your benefit； to pay bribes ； give sb. money in order to persuade them to do something dishonest for one向某人行賄。 Cf. oil the wheels： （informal） to make things go more smoothly， esp. in business， sometimes by offering people illegal gifts or money
3） Who's hurt？： We won't be hurt in the least.對我們來說，這只不過是小菜一碟。這是個修辭性疑問句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的話。 If we didn't do it……would do it注意此句包含一個虛擬條件句。
14. It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed， they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. ——（It is not difficult to see that bribery and other dishonest payments are becoming more and more widespread. In fact， bribery has become something we have to face and accept in business activities.）行賄和其他不正當(dāng)?shù)乃湾X的情況越來越多，這種印象很難磨滅。的確，這種情況好像已經(jīng)成了商界無可爭辯的事實(shí)。
1） Resist 抵制 Many people couldn't resist the temptation of money and desire.許多人無法抵制金錢和權(quán)力的誘惑。
2） on the increase
3） a fact of life：a true thing that that cannot ignored， even if it is unpleasant.無可爭辯的事實(shí)。
15. To take just one example， the Chrysler Corporation， third largest of the U.S. motor manufacturers， disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.僅以美國第三汽車制造商克萊斯勒公司為例，該公司透露說從1971至1976年他們就支付了超過250萬美元的不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)。
1）to take just one example： 不定式短語，在句中是獨(dú)立成分，又如： To tell the truth， I don't like the idea. 說老實(shí)話，我覺得這怎么樣。 To be frank， I was thirsty like everyone else. 坦白說，我和其他人一樣渴。
2）disclose 透露，揭露 He wrote a letter to the Public Security Organ to disclose the mayor's scandal of taking bribes.他寫了一封信給公安部門來揭露這個市長的受賄丑聞。
16. By making this revelation， it joined more than 300 U.S. companies that had admitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another——bribes， facilitating payments， extra discounts， etc. ——in recent years. 透露了這一秘密之后，該公司也加入了向美國證券交易署承認(rèn)近年來曾經(jīng)支付過各種不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)——行賄、疏通費(fèi)以及附加折扣等——的三百多家公司的行列。
1）by……， sb./sth.join……： 通過做……，加入了……的隊(duì)伍。
2）the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission：美國證券交易署。
3）……of one kind or another： 不同類的……，不是這種就是那種的……。
4）facilitating payments： 為了事順利而支付的款項(xiàng)。
5）extra discounts： 超額折扣。
17. For discussion purposes， we can divide these payments into three broad categories. 為了討論便利起見，我們把這種款項(xiàng)分為三大類。
divide……into： 把（人、事或物）分為……。
又如： In oral classes， we divide the class into two groups.
上口語課時(shí)，我們把全班學(xué)生分成兩組。
According to their political attitude， the faculty can be divided into three categories： the radical， the conservative， and the middle-of-the-roader.
按其政治態(tài)度，教職人員可分為三類：激進(jìn)派、保守派和中間派。
18. The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts.——（The first type of bribery involves large amounts of money paid for political reasons， i.e.， to a candidate who is running for political office or for obtaining major contracts.）為了政治目的，或是為了獲得重大項(xiàng)目合同而付的巨款屬第一類。
1） consist of： 由……組成。
又如： Their diet chiefly consists of rice and vegetables.
他們?nèi)粘５闹饕澄锸谴竺缀褪卟恕?BR> The delegation consists of students from all corners of the country.
代表團(tuán)由業(yè)自全國各地的學(xué)生組成。
2） made for……major contracts 是分詞短語，作定語修飾substantial payments，介詞短語for political purposes和不定式短語to secure major contracts都是目的狀語，修飾made.
19. For example， the U.S. conglomerate ITT （International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation） offered a large sum of money in support of a U.S. presidential candidate at a time when it was under investigation for possible violation of the U.S. anti-trust law. ——（The U.S. conglomerate ITT， for example， once gave a U.S. presidential candidate a lot of money when it was in danger of being prosecuted for breaking the U.S. anti-trust law.） 例如，在調(diào)查美國ITT（國際電話電報(bào)公司）是否違反美國反托拉斯法案之際，該集團(tuán)為支持一位美國總統(tǒng)候選人提供了大量資金。
1） conglomerate： a large corporation formed by different firms/companies joining together集團(tuán)
2） in support of sb./sth.： supporting/in favour of sb./sth.支持，贊成。
又如： He voted in support of an anti-dumping bill.
他對一項(xiàng)反傾銷法案投了贊成票。
She spoke in support of anti-smuggling measures.
她發(fā)言支持反走私措施。
3） at a time when： 正當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻。
又如： She returned at a time when she thought she could best serve her country.
她在她認(rèn)為能好為自己國家服務(wù)之際回來了。
How can we call ourselves his friends if we stand by at a time when he desperately needs help？
在他急需幫助之際，我們卻袖手旁觀，這夠朋友嗎？
4） under investigation： being investigated在調(diào)查之中， 正受到調(diào)查。此處under表示“處于某種狀況”，常見的短語有： （buildings） under repair/construction（建筑物）正在修復(fù)或施工之中 （matters） under consideration/discussion（事情或事件）正在考慮或討論之中
The case is still under investigation.
案件仍在調(diào)查之中。
5）anti-trust law： an American law intended to prevent companies form monopolizing certain products and unfairly controlling prices反托拉斯法
1） be surprise/pleased/delighted/glad/happy/sorry， etc.to do sth.：對……感到驚訝/高興/興奮/抱歉等。
又如： Henry's friends were delighted to hear of his success.
亨利的朋友聽說他成功了，感到很高興。
I'm very sorry to tell you that you didn't pass the exam.
我很抱歉地通知你，你考試沒有通過。
2） ethics： （plural） moral principles that control or influence a person's behaviours道德
business ethics： moral rules or principles governing the behaviour of people involved in the business of selling and buying， which include fair play in conducting business， not operating dishonest practices， such as swindles， fraud， bribery syllabus： a list of the topics， books， etc. that students should study in a particular subject at school or college. 商來道德
2. they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want.為了達(dá)到目的，他們可能會做出違心的事情。
1） be tempted to do sth.： 受到吸引、誘惑而去做……。
又如： The boy was tempted to play the computer games after class every afternoon.
這個男孩每天下午放學(xué)后都被吸引去打電子游戲。
He was tempted to take a well-paid job a big company had offered.
他很想接受一家大公司答應(yīng)給的一份高收入的工作。
Nothing would tempt her to leave her aging parents alone in the countryside.
她決不會把年邁的雙親單獨(dú)留在鄉(xiāng)下不管。
2） bend one's principles： do things against one's principles rather unwillingly 勉強(qiáng)做違背自己原則的事情。
Sometimes people will bend their principles to meet their desire for money and power.
有時(shí)候人們會做一些違背原則的事情以滿足他們對金錢和權(quán)力的欲望。
注意以往學(xué)過的近似的意思： There would be no powerful will bending hers.
（那時(shí)）再也沒有人把自己（的意志）強(qiáng)加于她了。
3） to get what they want 是目的狀語，修飾謂語may be tempted to bend their principles.
3 . ……bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and， in some， this type of corruption has been a way of life for centuries.——（……bribery in its various forms is increasing/becoming more and more common in many countries； in some this type of corruption has been the typical pattern of behaviour for hundreds of years.）在許多國家，形形色色的賄賂形式在增加；在有些國家里， 這類腐敗現(xiàn)象幾個世紀(jì)以來早已成了一種事的模式。
1） on the increase： increasing增加。
又如： Crime is on the increase in that country.
那個國家的犯罪現(xiàn)象在增加。
The unemployment in that country is on the increase.
那個國家的失業(yè)在增加。
2） a /one's way of life： 一種（或某人的）生活方式，一種正常的辦事模式。
又如： Early to bed and early to rise is his way of life.
早睡早起是他的生活方式。
Dinning out， especially on holidays， is a way of life for the people in big cities.
在外面餐館吃飯，特別是在節(jié)假日，是大城市許多人們的一種生活方式。
Spending today what you will earn tomorrow is becoming a way of life for many young city people.
今天花將來掙的錢逐漸成為城市里許多年輕人的生活方式。
4. suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed.——（……you want to sell your company's soft-drinks in a foreign country for the first time because you think in future these drinks will sell very well though at the present they may not be popular.） 假設(shè)你是一家重要軟飲料公司的頭頭，你想打入某個對公司發(fā)展前景看好的海外市場。
1） you were是虛擬語氣。If you were… head of： 頭頭，…之首 head of state國家元首； head of government政府首腦； head of school一校之長；head of family一家之長
2） break into： to become involved in a new business activity打進(jìn)，侵占；破門；而入；突然… Some foreign companies are trying to break into the Chinese market. 一些外國公司想方設(shè)法打進(jìn)中國市場。 He lost his keys， so he had to break into his house.他丟了鑰匙，因此不得不破門而入。 The thief broke into running when he saw a policeman.這個小偷一看見警察拔腿就跑。
3） potential （for）： the possibility of sth. happening or being developed or used……可能性，有潛力，存在市場 The new product has a great potential for sales （could be sold in large quantities）。 這種新產(chǎn)品將來可能會賣得很俏。 Seeing the potential for nuclear attacks， the family built a shelter. 這家人認(rèn)識到可能會發(fā)生核攻擊之事，就修建了防空洞。 They all agree that the potential for conflict between the two parties is great. 他們一致同意兩個派別發(fā)生沖突的可能性相當(dāng)大。
4） be likely to do / be： will probably do / be可能會發(fā)生（或成為）。
He is likely to be our new manager.
他很有可能成為我們的新經(jīng)理。
5. the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that……貿(mào)易部長明確表示……
make……clear： 明確表明，有三種不同的形式：
1）make sth. clear，如： I think I've made my intentions very clear.
我想我已經(jīng)把我的意圖表達(dá)清楚了。
2）make oneself clear，如： I wonder if I've made myself clear.
不知大家是否明白了我的意思。
如果make的賓語是that從句，則在賓語的位置用it，將從句置于clear之后。
3）（向某人）明確表示……。
又如： The doctor made it clear to his family that the patient didn't have more than three days to live.
醫(yī)生毫不含糊地向家屬表明病人多還能活3天。
6. ……you are also likely to avoid “bureaucratic delays”， as he puts it.
（If you promise to pay this official a large sum of money）……
同時(shí)，正如他說的那樣，你還可能避免“因官僚主義而延誤”的情況。
（you will probably also manage to get things done smoothly without“bureaucratic delays”， to use his own words.）
Because of unreasonable complicated official rules and processes before you can get sth. done or approved. For example， if you want to get permission from government officials to do something， you have to go through a lot of complicated processes and are likely to wait for a long time before you get it.
1） be likely to do / be： will probably do / be可能會發(fā)生（或成為）
2） as he puts it 是方式狀語從句。
7. Now， the question is： do you pay up or stand by your principle？現(xiàn)在的問題是：你是按數(shù)付錢，還是堅(jiān)持你的原則？
1） pay up： hand money to sb.向某人交錢，一般指“支付一切欠款”，此處指“向索賄者交付他想要的數(shù)目”。
Unless you pay up， they'll cut off your gas supply.
你要再不支付拖欠的煤氣費(fèi)，他們就要停止你的煤氣供應(yīng)。
2） stand by sth.： be faithful to a promise， decision， principle， etc. 遵守諾言，信守決定，堅(jiān)持原則等。
又如： Once a decision is made， you've got to stand by it.
一旦作出了決定，就要信守決定。
I'll stand by every word I've said no matter what happens.
無論發(fā)生什么事，我都會遵守諾言。
8. Some time ago the British car manufacturer， the British car manufacturer， British Leyland， was accused of operating a “slush fund” ， and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission， offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland.——（The British car manufacturer was said to have used a “slush fund” and other dishonest ways of doing business. These include paying their business partners （agents or buyers） commissions of more than depositing money into numbered， i.e. secret accounts in Swiss banks.） 被指控設(shè)有一筆用來支付非法事項(xiàng)的款子以及搞其他不正當(dāng)做法，如向代理商和買方支付高額回扣、提供附加折扣以及向瑞士銀行某些具體賬號存款等。
1） Be accused of （doing）sth. 被指控
The manager was accused of taking bribes.
經(jīng)理被指控犯有受賄罪。
2） slush fund： a fund used to make illegal or questionable payments/a sum of money kept for illegal purposes， esp. in politics. Slush is literally melting， often dirty snow
一筆支付非法或不正當(dāng)事物的款子。
原意是正在融化的雪，往往很臟。
3） questionable practices： dishonest ways of doing things不正當(dāng)做法
4） agent： a person whose job is to act for， or manage the affairs of other people in business代理商
5） commission： an amount of money that is paid to sb. for selling goods and which increases with the amount of goods回扣，傭金 padded commissions： commissions that are higher than the normal amount/rate比率超常的回扣。正常的回扣是合法的，如5％，如果回扣過高如20％就不正常，padded的愿意是“填滿了……的”。
6） discount： a reduction in the cost of goods that you offer agents or buyers折扣
7） numbered bank account： a bank account that is given a special number and not the name of the depositor
具體賬號存款，以上所列實(shí)質(zhì)都是行賄，或是變相行賄。瑞士的銀行是世界范圍內(nèi)犯罪分子洗錢首選之地，因此瑞士銀行因接納不義之財(cái)而受到批評。
9. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. 這家公司駁回這些指控，后來這些指控被撤消。
1） Reject 拒絕，抵制；駁回，否決
The board of Directors rejected my request of quitting.
董事會拒絕了我的辭職請求。 The court rejected her appeal.法院駁回了她的上訴。
2）withdrawn 撤消，撤回，退出；取回，提取
The demand was withdrawn at the meeting.
這個要求在會議上被撤消了。
I'm running out of money， I'll withdraw some from my bank account.
我的錢快花完了，我要從我的銀行帳戶上取點(diǎn)錢。
10. Who were prepared to say in private. 他們私下會這樣說。
1）be prepared to do sth.： 準(zhǔn)備做……；愿意做……，又如： They're prepared to have a try though the chances of success are very small. 盡管成功的可能不大，他們準(zhǔn)備試一試。
2）in private： 私下，與之相對應(yīng)的是in public（公開）。 The two drivers reached an agreement in private.這兩個司機(jī)私下里達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
11. “Look， we're in a wheeling-dealing business. ”——（“Look， in the business world， we're faced with a lot of complicated deals， so we have to use whatever means to gain profits.”/“In the business world， the competition is very fierce.”）看， 我們所干的事競爭異常激烈，往往需要不擇手段。
1）wheel and deal： （usually used in the progressive tenses wheeling and dealing） to do a lot of complicated deals in business or politics， often in a dishonest way /wheeling-dealing：（口語）在政治活動或生意中為了打垮對手而必須不擇手段的。
2）business 此處既可作“生意”解，也可作“事業(yè)”解。Go into business下海，經(jīng)商； business hours營業(yè)時(shí)間； come down to business言歸正傳，著手做，it's none of your business不關(guān)你的事
12. Every year we're selling more than a ￡ 1，000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers， who's hurt？ ——（It is worthwhile to bribe some of our buyers with a few million so as to secure contracts worth ￡ 1，000 million.）每年我們在海外要賣出價(jià)值10億英鎊的汽車，要是我們花上幾百萬賄賂買方，對我們的利益毫無損害。我們不這么做。別人也會干的。
1） ……worth of sth.： 價(jià)值……的……，又如： ￥2，000 worth of chemical fertilizer價(jià)值2，000元人民幣的化肥 $5，000 worth of books價(jià)值5，000美元的書 spend （an amount of money） doing sth.： 花……錢用來做……，又如： They spent ￥50，000 fixing their apartment. 他們花了5萬元人民幣修理單元住房。
2） grease sb.'s palm： （old-fashioned， informal） to give sb. money in a secret or dishonest way in order to persuade them to do sth. for your benefit； to pay bribes ； give sb. money in order to persuade them to do something dishonest for one向某人行賄。 Cf. oil the wheels： （informal） to make things go more smoothly， esp. in business， sometimes by offering people illegal gifts or money
3） Who's hurt？： We won't be hurt in the least.對我們來說，這只不過是小菜一碟。這是個修辭性疑問句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的話。 If we didn't do it……would do it注意此句包含一個虛擬條件句。
14. It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed， they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. ——（It is not difficult to see that bribery and other dishonest payments are becoming more and more widespread. In fact， bribery has become something we have to face and accept in business activities.）行賄和其他不正當(dāng)?shù)乃湾X的情況越來越多，這種印象很難磨滅。的確，這種情況好像已經(jīng)成了商界無可爭辯的事實(shí)。
1） Resist 抵制 Many people couldn't resist the temptation of money and desire.許多人無法抵制金錢和權(quán)力的誘惑。
2） on the increase
3） a fact of life：a true thing that that cannot ignored， even if it is unpleasant.無可爭辯的事實(shí)。
15. To take just one example， the Chrysler Corporation， third largest of the U.S. motor manufacturers， disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.僅以美國第三汽車制造商克萊斯勒公司為例，該公司透露說從1971至1976年他們就支付了超過250萬美元的不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)。
1）to take just one example： 不定式短語，在句中是獨(dú)立成分，又如： To tell the truth， I don't like the idea. 說老實(shí)話，我覺得這怎么樣。 To be frank， I was thirsty like everyone else. 坦白說，我和其他人一樣渴。
2）disclose 透露，揭露 He wrote a letter to the Public Security Organ to disclose the mayor's scandal of taking bribes.他寫了一封信給公安部門來揭露這個市長的受賄丑聞。
16. By making this revelation， it joined more than 300 U.S. companies that had admitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another——bribes， facilitating payments， extra discounts， etc. ——in recent years. 透露了這一秘密之后，該公司也加入了向美國證券交易署承認(rèn)近年來曾經(jīng)支付過各種不正當(dāng)?shù)目铐?xiàng)——行賄、疏通費(fèi)以及附加折扣等——的三百多家公司的行列。
1）by……， sb./sth.join……： 通過做……，加入了……的隊(duì)伍。
2）the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission：美國證券交易署。
3）……of one kind or another： 不同類的……，不是這種就是那種的……。
4）facilitating payments： 為了事順利而支付的款項(xiàng)。
5）extra discounts： 超額折扣。
17. For discussion purposes， we can divide these payments into three broad categories. 為了討論便利起見，我們把這種款項(xiàng)分為三大類。
divide……into： 把（人、事或物）分為……。
又如： In oral classes， we divide the class into two groups.
上口語課時(shí)，我們把全班學(xué)生分成兩組。
According to their political attitude， the faculty can be divided into three categories： the radical， the conservative， and the middle-of-the-roader.
按其政治態(tài)度，教職人員可分為三類：激進(jìn)派、保守派和中間派。
18. The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts.——（The first type of bribery involves large amounts of money paid for political reasons， i.e.， to a candidate who is running for political office or for obtaining major contracts.）為了政治目的，或是為了獲得重大項(xiàng)目合同而付的巨款屬第一類。
1） consist of： 由……組成。
又如： Their diet chiefly consists of rice and vegetables.
他們?nèi)粘５闹饕澄锸谴竺缀褪卟恕?BR> The delegation consists of students from all corners of the country.
代表團(tuán)由業(yè)自全國各地的學(xué)生組成。
2） made for……major contracts 是分詞短語，作定語修飾substantial payments，介詞短語for political purposes和不定式短語to secure major contracts都是目的狀語，修飾made.
19. For example， the U.S. conglomerate ITT （International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation） offered a large sum of money in support of a U.S. presidential candidate at a time when it was under investigation for possible violation of the U.S. anti-trust law. ——（The U.S. conglomerate ITT， for example， once gave a U.S. presidential candidate a lot of money when it was in danger of being prosecuted for breaking the U.S. anti-trust law.） 例如，在調(diào)查美國ITT（國際電話電報(bào)公司）是否違反美國反托拉斯法案之際，該集團(tuán)為支持一位美國總統(tǒng)候選人提供了大量資金。
1） conglomerate： a large corporation formed by different firms/companies joining together集團(tuán)
2） in support of sb./sth.： supporting/in favour of sb./sth.支持，贊成。
又如： He voted in support of an anti-dumping bill.
他對一項(xiàng)反傾銷法案投了贊成票。
She spoke in support of anti-smuggling measures.
她發(fā)言支持反走私措施。
3） at a time when： 正當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻。
又如： She returned at a time when she thought she could best serve her country.
她在她認(rèn)為能好為自己國家服務(wù)之際回來了。
How can we call ourselves his friends if we stand by at a time when he desperately needs help？
在他急需幫助之際，我們卻袖手旁觀，這夠朋友嗎？
4） under investigation： being investigated在調(diào)查之中， 正受到調(diào)查。此處under表示“處于某種狀況”，常見的短語有： （buildings） under repair/construction（建筑物）正在修復(fù)或施工之中 （matters） under consideration/discussion（事情或事件）正在考慮或討論之中
The case is still under investigation.
案件仍在調(diào)查之中。
5）anti-trust law： an American law intended to prevent companies form monopolizing certain products and unfairly controlling prices反托拉斯法