英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查

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對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查
    如:
    ① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
    arguments in favor of the new theory。(2000。6)
    a。 to be based on b。 to base on
    c。 which to base on d。 on which to base
    ② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic, but it
    also puts them under a constant emotional strain。
    a。 to compete b。 competing采集者退散
    c。 to be competed d。 having competed
    ①題為不定式做定語(yǔ)的固定形式,答案為d,②題為某些特定名詞的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),答案為a。在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞,如動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞,形容詞變來(lái)的名詞,以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語(yǔ),不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。
    4) 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇
    做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇,如:
    ① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth。(1996。6)
    a。 having believed b。 believing c。 believed d。 being believed
    ② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree。(1995。1)
    a。 to become b。 become c。 one becomes d。 on becoming
    ③ realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch。(1995。1)
    a。 not wanted b。 no to want c。 not wanting d。 wanting not
    ④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。(1997。1)
    a。 believe b。 to believe c。 believing d。 believed
    從以上各題來(lái)看,考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有:
    (1)狀語(yǔ)類(lèi)別的判斷
    不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同,目的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式,如②。
    (2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系
    根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞。
    (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式
    not否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,如③。
    (4) 獨(dú)立成分
    有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制,稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立成分,這類(lèi)成 分只記憶即可。如:
    generally speaking, judging from……, to tell the truth……, 等。
    (5) 做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇