四級(jí)語法講義
一：時(shí)態(tài)：所謂的"時(shí)態(tài)"，就是時(shí)間+狀態(tài)。謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)見下表：
1．主動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do
進(jìn)行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣
完成進(jìn)行 had been doing have/has been doing / /
2．被動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given
進(jìn)行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given
完成進(jìn)行 / / /
v CET-4 ?？嫉娜N時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)；將來完成時(shí)；（現(xiàn)在/過去）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
v 時(shí)間狀語從句當(dāng)中的時(shí)態(tài)：
一般過去時(shí) 所有的過去
用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示 現(xiàn)在和將來
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成
一．非謂語動(dòng)詞
一．不定式：
一）不定式的?？夹问剑?BR> 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能： 表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前
二）不定式?？嫉目键c(diǎn)：
1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2）不定式做狀語----目的
3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；
+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）
v 感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役動(dòng)詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
一：時(shí)態(tài)：所謂的"時(shí)態(tài)"，就是時(shí)間+狀態(tài)。謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)見下表：
1．主動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do
進(jìn)行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣
完成進(jìn)行 had been doing have/has been doing / /
2．被動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given
進(jìn)行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given
完成進(jìn)行 / / /
v CET-4 ?？嫉娜N時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)；將來完成時(shí)；（現(xiàn)在/過去）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
v 時(shí)間狀語從句當(dāng)中的時(shí)態(tài)：
一般過去時(shí) 所有的過去
用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示 現(xiàn)在和將來
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成
一．非謂語動(dòng)詞
一．不定式：
一）不定式的?？夹问剑?BR> 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能： 表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前
二）不定式?？嫉目键c(diǎn)：
1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2）不定式做狀語----目的
3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；
+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）
v 感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役動(dòng)詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do